REPORTOFBASI

CCHEMICALPRACTI
CUM V
"
CONTINUOUSVARIATI
ONSANDSTOICI
OMETRY"

BY
IPUTUADIPAYANAPUTRA
(
1913071015)

CLASS1A
S1SCI
ENCEEDUCATI
ON
DEPARTMENTOFPHYSICSANDSCIENCETHEACING
FACULTYOFMATHEMATI CSANDNATURALSCIENCES

UNI
VERSI
TASPENDIDIKANGANESHA
SI
NGARAJA
2019
 EXPERIMENT5
CONTI
NUOUSVARI
ATIONSANDSTOI
CIOMETRY

I
. Purpose
Student
scanpr
ovethestoi
chi
ometryofchemical
react
ions
basedonchangesi
nthepri
ceofphysi
calproper
ti
es.

I
I. BasicTheor y
The basi s oft his exper imenti st he JOB met hod ort he
continuous v ar
iati
on met hod. In t his met hod a ser ies of
obser vati
onsar emadewi tht hesamet otalmol arquantity,buteach
repertoireofmol arquantit
iesv ar
ies(v ari
es).Onepar t
icularphy si
cal
charact eri
sti
cischosent obeexami ned, forexampl emass, volume,
temper ature,andabsor ption.Becauset hequant it
yofr eagent sis
diff
erent ,changesi nthepr i
ceoft hephy sicalproper t
iesoft his
system canbeusedt opr edi ctthestoi chiomet ryofthesy stem. Ifa
graphoft hephysicalproper ti
esoft heobser ved( measur ed)flowof
ther eact i
onquant it
yisdr awn,amaxi mum ormi ni
mum poi ntis
obtainedt hatcorrespondst ot hesy stem' sstoichiomet r
icpoint .
This
sit
uat i
onst atestherati
oofr eagentsi ncompounds.

I
II
. Tool
sandMat eri
als
Tool
s
-
2piecesof100mLbeaker
-
10beaker50mL
-
1cupmeasur ing10ml ,50ml
-
2dr opsofpi pette
I
ngredients/subst ances:
-
CuSO41M
-
NaOH2M, 1M
-
HCl 1M
-
H2SO41M
I
V. WorkPr ocedures
1.Syst
em st oi
chiomet ryCuSO4- NaOH
a.Use1m CuSO4 sol utionand2M NaOH.Put40mLNaOHi nto
thebeakerandr ecor dt hetemperat
ure.
b.Whi l
e stirri
ng,add 10mL ofCuSO4 sol uti
on t
hathas been
measur edati nit
ialtemper at
ureandobservethet
emper at
ureof
themi xture.(Note:t het emperat
ureoftheCuSO4soluti
onmust
beadj ustedt ot het emper at
ureoft heNaOH soluti
onint he
beakerbef oremi xing)
c.Repeatt heexper iment ,usi
ng20mLNaOHand30mLCuSO4;10
mLNaOH and40mLCuSO4;30mLNaOH and20mLCuSO4
soluti
on.
 2.Aci
d-basestoichi omet r
y
a.Into 5 50mLbeaker s,enter5,10,15,20 and 25 mLofNaOH
soluti
onandent er5ot herbeakersr especti
vely5,10,15,20,and
25mLofHCl solut
ion.
b.Thet emper atur eofeacht ypeofsol uti
onismeasur ed,recorded,
thentheav er agepr i
ceist aken(t
hisi stheini
ti
al t
emper ature,TM)
c.Thet wosol utionsar emi xedinsuchawayt hatthev olumeof
themi xtureofaci dandbasesol utioni salwaysf i
xed,whi chis
30Ml .
d.Temper ature changes t hat occur dur i
ng t his mi xing are
observedandr ecordedast hefi
naltemper ature,TA.
Thust hepr iceofΔTi sobt ai
nedf oreachmi xingofaci dand
basesolutions

e.Next ,
graphtheΔT( yaxi
s)andacid-
basevol
ume(xaxi
s)
f. Dothesameexper i
mentwithami xt
ureofNaOHandH2SO4.
What diff
erences might ther
e be compared to prev
ious
exper
iments.

V.Obser
vati
onResult
1.Stoi
kiometr
iofCuSO4-NaOH
Solu NaOH CuS TM T T TA ∆T Pi
ctur
e
ti
on O4 NaO CuS
(
mL)
H O4
(
mL)
A 40 10 31,
5° 32° C 32° 0,
C 32° 5°
C C C

B 20 30 31,
5° 31° 32°
C 33° 1,
5°
C C C C

C 10 40 32°
C 32° 32°
C 32° 0°
C
C C
 D 30 20 32°
C 32° 32°
C 33° 1°
C
C C

2.a.St
oiki
omet
riofNaOH-HCl
Solu NaOH HCl T T TM TA ∆T Pi
ctur
ti
on NaO HCl e
(
mL) ( ML
H
)
A 5 25 C 31° 30,
30° 5° 30° -
0,5°
C
C C C

B 10 20 C 31° 30,
30° 5° 31° 0,
5°C
C C C

C 15 15 C 31° 30,
30° 5° 32° 1,
5°C
C C C

D 20 10 C 30° 30°
30° C 31° 1°
C
C C

E 25 5 C 31° 31°
31° C 31° 0°
C
C C

2.b.
Stoi
ki
omet
riNaOH-H2SO4

Solu NaOH H2S T T TM TA ∆T Pi

ctur
e
ti
on O4 NaO H2S
(
mL)
H O4
(
ML)
 A 0 30 0°
C C 16°
32° C 32° 16°
C C

B 5 25 31° C 31,
C 32° 5° 32° 0,
5°
C C C

C 10 20 31° C 31,
C 32° 5° 33° 1,
5°
C C C

D 15 15 31° C 31,
C 32° 5° 34° 2,
5°
C C C

E 20 10 31° C 31,
C 32° 5° 35° 3,
5°
C C C

F 25 5 31° C 31°
C 31° C 33° 2°
C
C

G 30 0 32°
C 0°
C 16°
C 32° 16°
C C

1. St
oichi
omet
ryGr
aphCuSO4-
NaOH
2.St
oichi
omet
ryGr
aphNaOH-
HCl

3.St
oichi
omet
ryGr
aphNaOH-
H2SO4
VI.Discussi
on
Calculat
ions:
1.CuSO4St oki
ometry-NaOH
Calculat
ingTemper
ature(TM)
TM =Cal cul
ati
ngmixtur
e(TA)
TA=TCuSO4+TNaOH
Calculat
ingTemper
atureChange(
ΔT)=TA-TM

ΔT1=TA1-
TM1=32°
C-32°
C=0°
C

ΔT2=TA2-
TM2=33°
C-31°
C=2°
C

ΔT3=TA3-
TM3=32°
C-32°
C=0°
C

ΔT4=TA4-
TM4=33°
C-32°
C=1°
C

2.NaOH- HCLStoki
ometry
Calcul
ati
ngTemper at
ure(TM)
TM =Calcul
ati
ngmixture(
TA)
TA=TNaOH+THCl
Calcul
ati
ngTemper at
ureChange(
ΔT)=TA-TM

ΔT1=TA1-
TM1=30°
C-30,
5°C=-
0,5°
C

ΔT2=TA2-
TM2=31°
C-30,
5°C=0,
5°C

ΔT3=TA3-
TM3=32°
C-30,
5°C=1,
5°C

ΔT4=TA4-
TM4=31°
C-30°
C=1°
C

ΔT5=TA5-
TM5=31°
C-31°
C=0°
C

3.NaOH-H2SO4Stoki
omet r
y
Calcul
ati
ngTemperat
ure(TM)
TM =Calcul
ati
ngmi
xture(
TA)
TA=TNaOH+TH2SO4
Calcul
ati
ngTemperat
ureChange(
ΔT)=TA-TM

ΔT1=TA1-TM1=32°
C-16°
C=16°
C

ΔT2=TA2-TM2=32°
C-31,
5°C=0,
5°C
 ΔT3=TA3-TM3=33°
C-31,
5°C=1,
5°C

ΔT4=TA4-TM4=34°
C-31,
5°C=2,
5°C

ΔT5=TA5-TM5=35°
C-31,
5°C=3,
5°C

ΔT6=TA6-TM6=33°
C-31°
C=2°
C

ΔT7=TA7-TM7=32°
C-16°
C=16°
C

Based on t he r esul t
s of t he st oichiomet r
ic exper i
ment s
conduct ed, therear et hreecont i
nuousv ariationsoft heobser ved
system,namel yt hecont inuousv ari
ationsoft heCuSO4-NaOH
system,t hecont inuousv ari
ationsoft heNaOH- HClsy stem,and
thecont inuousv ar iat i
onsoft heNaOH-H2SO4sy stem.eachml
oft he sol uti
on mi xed so t hatt he r esul ti
ng t emper aturei s
diff
erent . St oichi omet r
ii saf i
el di nchemi strythati nvolves
quant i
tativer elat ionshi ps bet ween subst ances i nv olved i n
chemi calr eact ions bot h as r eact ant s and as a r esul tof
reactions.St oichi omet ryal soinv olvest hecompar i
sonofat oms
between el ement si n a chemi calf or mul a,based on t he
continuousv ariationmet hod,wher eint hi smet hodaser i
esof
obser vationsoft hesamemol arquant ityar emade.Buteach
quant i
tyofr eagent schanges. One oft he chosen phy sical
proper ti
essuchasmass,t emper aturev olumeandabsor pti
on.
Theref oret hequant ityofr eagent si sdi f
ferent ,thepr icechanges
ofthephy sicalpr oper ti
esoft hissy stem canbeusedt opr edict
the st oichiomet ry oft he sy stem. I nt his exper imentt he
maxi mum t emper at ure shoul d be cont ained i nt he r eact i
on
volumeof15mlwi th15ml ,becauset her eactionwi llreact
perfectly.Themi nimum t emper atureshoul dbei nt her eact i
on
whosev ol umei s5mlwi th25ml .I nt heexper i
mentt hehi ghest
temper at urei si nt hev olumeof15mlwi th15mlwhi let he
l
owestt emper at urei sint hev olumei nt hev ol umeof5mlwi th
25 mlwe can see t he l owestt emper ature and t he hi ghest
temper at urethr ough( TA) .TAi st het emper at ureoft hemi xtur e
wher easubst ancei scombi nedandt henmeasur edusi nga
thermomet er

VII
.Concl
usi
ons
1.CuSO4-
NaOHStoi
chi
ometr
y
Add40mlofNaOHsolut
iont
henmeasur
ethet
emper
atur
etopr
oduce
Ct henadd5mlofCuSO4 whoset emper aturei s29°C,af
termixingthe
vol
umechangest o25mlandt het emper aturebecomes35° C,thenadd
another15mlofNaOH t emperat ureto34°Ct henadd10mlofCuSO4
whoset emperatureis29°Cthenmi xedsot hatthev olumebecomes25ml
andt hetemperatur ebecomes33°C,t henent eragain10mlofNaOH
whoset emperatureis34°Cthenadd15ml ofCuSO4whoset emperatur
eis
30°C,thenmixedt oproduceav olumeof25mlandt hetemperat
ureis32°
Cthenadd20ml ofCuSO4whoset emper atur ei
s30° Cthenmixedthenthe
vol
umebecomes20ml andt hetemper at urebecomes31° C.
ReactionEquati
on: CuSO4(aq)+NaOH( aq)Cu( OH)2(aq)+Na2SO4(aq)

2.NaOH- HClStoichiomet ry
Enteri
ng2,5mlofNaOHsol uti
oni ntoagl asscupt henmeasur edthe
temper atureof32° C.Nextmi xedandpr oduceav olumeof17. 5mLand
thet emper at
uret o33° C.Thenadd12, 5HClwhoset emper atureis30° C
thenmi xedtopr oduceav olumeof17, 5mLandat emper at ur
eof33° C
thenent eragain7, 5mLNaOHwhoset emper atureis32° Ct hen 10mLof
HCLi saddedwi that emper at ureof30° C.Thenmi xandpr oduceav ol
ume
of17, 5mLandat emper atureof34° C.Thenent er10mLofNaOHwhose
temper atureis44° Ct henadd7, 5mLHClwhoset emper aturei s31°Ct hen
mix edandpr oduceav olumeof17, 5mLandt het emper at ureis33°C.
thenent er7.5mLofNaOHwi that emper atur
eof32° Ct henadd10mlof
HCLwi t
hat emper atureof30° C.Thenmi xandi nputav olumeof17, 5ml
andat emper at
ureof34° C.Nextent er10NaOHwi t
hat emper atur
eof31°
Ct henmi xandpr oduceav ol umeof17, 5mlt het emper atureis35°C.
Theni nput12,5mlofNaOH wi t
hat emperatur eof31°C pr oducinga
volumeof17, 5mlandt het emper atureof33° Caddi ng5mlofHCLata
temper atureof31° Cpr oducesav olumeof17, 5mlandat emper atureof
33°C, theninput5ml ofNaOHatat emper atur
eof33° C.
React i
onequat i
on: NaOH( aq)+HCL( aq)NaCL( aq)+H2O( aq)

3.NaOH- H2SO4st oi
chiometr
y
Enter25mlofNaOHi ntoabeakerthenmeasurethetemper atur
eof
32°C, aft
ert
hatadd15mLofH2SO4atat emperat
ureof30,
5°Ct henmi xed
topr oduceavolumeof17, 5mlandat emper
atur
eof30,5°C,thenenter5
ml ofNaOHat32° Cthenadd12,
5ml ofH2SO4whosetemperatureis33oC,
thenmi xedtopr oduceav ol
umeof17, 5mlandat emperatureof36°C.
React
ionequat
ion:
NaOH(
aq)+H2SO4(
aq)Na2SO4(
aq)+H2O(
aq)

IX.Ref
erences
Subagi
a,IWayanandSy
a’ban.
2004.Mat
eri
Prakt
ikum Ki
maDasar
I
.Si
ngaraja

Si
ngar
aja,
Nov
ember18,
2019
Suppor
ti
ngl
ect
urer
, Pr
ati
cian,

(
Dr.INy
omanSuar
dana,
M.Si
) (
IPut
uAdi
Pay
anaPut
ra)

NI
P.19661123993031001 NI
M.1913071015