Straight Line Graph Formulas • To find the equation of the line passing through

• The distance between two points (x1 , y1 ) and (x1 , y1 ) and parallel to line ax + by + c = 0 :
(x2 , y2 ) is given by: a(x − x1 ) + b(y − y1 ) = 0

d = (x2 − x1 )2 + (y2 − y1 )2 • To find the equation of a line passing through (x1 , y1 )

and with perpendicular to line ax + by + c = 0 :
• Midpoint of two points (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) is
a(y − y1 ) − b(x − x1 ) = 0
given by:
x + x2 y1 + y2 • Perpendicular lines’ gradients share the relationship:
P=( 1 , ) m1m2 = −1
2 2
• The gradient of the line between (x1 , y1 ) and • To find the equation of the line passing through
(x2 , y2 ) is given by: (x1 , y1 ) and the intersection of ax + by + c = 0 and
dx + ey + f = 0 :
y2 − y1
m= (ax1 + by1 + c) + k(dx1 + by1 + c) = 0
x2 − x1
Find k then resub it into
• Gradient can also be found when the angle the line
makes with its run is given: (ax + by + c) + k(dx + by + c) = 0
rise opposite • To find the intersection point of two lines solve both
m= = = tan θ line equations simultaneously.
run adjacent
• To find the perpendicular distance from (x1 , y1 ) to
• Finding the angle between two lines is found by:
the line ax + by + c = 0 :
m1 − m2
tan θ = ax1 + by1 + c
1 + (m1 )(m2 ) d=
• To find the equation of the line passing through a2 + b2
(x1 , y1 ) and gradient m: • Coordinates of point P that divides the interval
y − y1 = m(x − x1 ) between points (x1 , y1 ) and (x2 , y2 ) in the ratio
• To find the equation of the line passing through (x1 , y1 ) m :n:
and (x2 , y2 ) : mx2 + nx1 my + ny1
Internally: x = ,y = 2
y − y1 y2 − y1 m+n m+n
= mx2 − nx1 my − ny1
x − x1 x2 − x1 Externally: x = ,y = 2
m−n m−n