Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Philippine Legal Citation (Not Final)
Philippine Legal Citation (Not Final)
Issue:
Whether or not the expulsion of the members of Jehovah’s Witness from the
schools violates right receive free education.
Held:
The expulsion of the members of Jehovah’s Witness from the schools where they are enrolled will
violate their right as Philippine citizens, under the 1987 Constitution, to receive free education, for it is
the duty of the state to ‘protect and promote the right of all citizens to quality education, and to make
such education accessible to all (Sec. I, Art XIV). Nevertheless, their right not to participate in the Flag
Ceremony does not give them a right to disrupt such patriotic exercises. If they quietly stand at attention
during flag ceremony while their classmates and teachers salute the flag, sing the national anthem and
recite the patriotic pledge, we do not see how such conduct may possibly disturb the peace, or pose ‘a
grave and present danger of a serious evil to public safety, public morals, public health or any legitimate
public interest that the state has a right and duty to prevent.
It is appropriate to recall the Japanese occupation of our country in 1942-1944 when every Filipino,
regardless of religious persuasion, in fear of the invader, saluted the Japanese flag and bowed before
every Japanese soldier, perhaps if petitioners had lived through that dark period of our history, they
would not quibble now about saluting the Phil. Flag.
The petitions for certiorari and prohibition are granted and expulsion orders are hereby annulled and set
aside.
12
SOURCES WHERE STATUTE WERE TAKEN
PRIMARY SOURCES:
OFFICIAL GAZETTE
CITING BILLS, RESOLUTIONS AND
COMMITTEE REPORTS
CITING BATASANG PAMBANSA, 1978-1986
CITING RULES OF COURT
CITING INTERNET SOURCES
SECONDARY SOURCES
BOOKS AND PAMPHLETS
The Rules of Court is cited like any ordinary code by its name, followed by
the rule number and section.
Example: Rules of Court, Rule 14, sec. 1
The Supreme Court, through the proposal of the Committee of Revision
of Rules of Courts, amended the Rules of Court by the subject, such as Civil
Procedure, Criminal Procedure, Evidence, Special Proceedings. They are
now cited by said amendments as follows:
1. Criminal procedure, Rule 115, sec.1 (2000)
2. Civil Procedure, Rule 70, sec 1 (1997)
TREATIES
Treaties entered into by the Philippines whether it be bilateral or multilateral are
cited by the name of the treaty and the date when the treaty was signed.
General Orders
Gen.Order No. 1(1972)
Letters of instructions
L.O.I. No. 2 (1972)
Letters of Implementation
L.O. Impl. No. 1 (1972)
Letters of Authority
L.O.A. No. 1 (1972)
ADMINISTRATIVE RULES AND REGULATIONS
Government offices and agencies
promulgate their own rules and regulations.
They are cited by the abbreviation of the
name of each agency. Followed by the
name of its specific rule and regulation.
Each year, the number of their rules and
regulations starts with the first number
(No.1)
EXAMPLE:
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO.1 PROMULGATED BY THE
DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ON JANUARY 5, 2006
CITED AS: DOE ADM. ORDER NO.1 (2006)
3. Date
1. Name of the city,
municipality or the
province
2. Ordinance Number
GENERAL FORMAT
<SURNAME OF PARTY> V. <SURNAME OF OTHER
PARTY>, <VOLUME>, <TITLE AND PAGE OF REPORT>,
(<YEAR OF PROMULGATION>)
Ong v. People , 399 Phil. 686 (2000)
Ong v. people, 399 Phil. 686, 688 (2002)
CASE
REPORT
EXCEPTION TO GENERAL RULE
Islamic and Chinese names Name of Corporation, associations, Business Firms and Partnerships
WRONG: Tan v. Pura WRONG: Serrano v Jollibee
CORRECT: Tan Sial Tek v. Pura CORRECT: Serrano v Jollibee Foods Corp., Inc.
Surname
of Other Party
People v Sabarre, Sandiganbayan Crim. Case No. 001, December 12, 1979
Date promulgated
Place
Date of promulgation
Shari’ah Dist/Circ. Ct. (Place) Case No., date of promulgation
PRIMARY SOURCES Ong v. People, 399 Phil. 686 (2000)
Philippine Reports
Senator Ambrosio Paddla’s book entitled “The 1987 Constitutions of the Republic of the
Philippines, With comments and case” was published in 1990 in three volumes. On page
779 of volume 3, Sen. Padilla presented a tabular presentation of the 1935, 1973, and
1987 Constitutions. This is cited as:
3 A. Padilla, The 1987 Constitutions of the Republic of the Philippines 779 (1990)
SECONDARY SOURCES
2. Article, Essay of a Speech Found in a Book
J. Ponce Enrile, The Tax treatment of Real Estate Transactions, in 1964 Aspects of
Philippine Tax Law 81
Ex.:
Manila Times, Dec. 9, 1966, p. 5, col.
A signed article but not news report is cited by author and title:
Arroyo, 2 months, Behind the Iron curtain, Manila Times, December 12,
1966, p. 1, col. 2
SECONDARY SOURCES
4. Letter Speeches
& Interviews
SECONDARY SOURCES
5. Electronic Source
b. Electronic Sources
Avendano. Chief Justice Sereno, Released Her SALN: P18
Million. Phil. Daily Inquirer. August 31, 2012. Available at
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/261078/chief-justice-sereno-releases-her-
saln-p18-million (last visted Deptember 1, 2012)
SECONDARY SOURCES
6. Periodical Articles
SECONDARY SOURCES
7. Books & Pamphlets
The following repeating citations are cited in an italicized form:
a. “Ibid” – Used for successive citations of the same volume and the
same page or exactly the same document.
Example:
E. M. Fernando, The Constitution of the Philippines. 999 (2ed.1977)
Id at 1012
Id at 500
The following repeating citations are cited in an italicized form:
d. Supra note is used when the citation previously cited is too far.
E. M. Fernando. The Constitutin of the Philippines. 9999 (2d ed., 1977)
Santiago, Miriam. Constitutional Law: Texts and Cases. 2nd ed. Q.C.:
Central Book Supply (2000-2002) 2 vols.