𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒖

+ 𝒖 =𝟎 ----------------------------------- (i)
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙

𝒖𝟐
𝝏𝒚 𝝏( )
𝟐
+ =𝟎
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙

𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝑭 𝟐
+ = 𝟎 Where F = 𝒖𝟐 ----------------------------------- (ii)
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙

𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝑭 𝝏𝒖
+ ( )( ) = 𝟎
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒖 𝝏𝑭

𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒖
+ 𝒂 (𝒖) =𝟎 ----------------------------------- (iii)
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙

Eq (iii) is quasi linear equation. Roe suggested to solve

Linear problem instead of Eq (iii).

𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒖
̅
+ 𝒂 =𝟎 ----------------------------------- (iv)
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙

Where 𝑎̅ constant depend upon local condition.

𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒖
̅
+ 𝒂 =𝟎 ----------------------------------- (iv)
𝝏𝒕 𝝏𝒙

̅ must satisfy Roe’s properties.

𝒂

(i) For any 𝑢𝑖 , 𝑢𝑖+1

̅ (𝑢𝑖+1 − 𝑢𝑖 )
𝐹𝑖+1 − 𝐹𝑖 = 𝒂

(ii) ̅ (𝑢𝑖 , 𝑢𝑖+1 )

When 𝑢𝑖 = 𝑢𝑖+1 = u then 𝒂
𝝏𝑭
̅ (𝑢 , 𝑢)=
𝒂 =𝑢
𝝏𝒖

Now solving equation (iv) by using upwind differencing:-

𝒖𝒏+𝟏
𝒊 − 𝒖𝒏
𝒊 𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊
̅
𝒂 𝒂<0
=- { ----------------- (v)
∆𝒕 ∆𝒙 𝒖𝒊 − 𝒖𝒊−𝟏 𝒂>𝟎
Now solving equation (iv) by using upwind differencing:-

𝒖𝒏+𝟏
𝒊 − 𝒖𝒏
𝒊 ̅
𝒂 𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊 𝒂<0
=- { ----------------- (v)
∆𝒕 ∆𝒙 𝒖𝒊 − 𝒖𝒊−𝟏 𝒂>𝟎
𝟏 𝟏
Let 𝒂+ = (𝒂 + |𝒂|) and 𝒂− = (𝒂 - |𝒂|)
𝟐 𝟐

Eq V =>
∆𝒕
𝒖𝒏+𝟏
𝒊 = 𝒖𝒏𝒊 - [𝒂+ (𝒖𝒏𝒊 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊−𝟏 ) + 𝒂− (𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊 )] ---- (vi)
∆𝒙

𝟏 𝟏
𝒖𝒏+𝟏
𝒊 = 𝒖𝒏𝒊 – λ [ (𝒂 + |𝒂|)(𝒖𝒏𝒊 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊−𝟏 ) + (𝒂 − |𝒂|)(𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊 )]
𝟐 𝟐

𝛌 𝛌
𝒖𝒏+𝟏
𝒊 = 𝒖𝒏𝒊 - 𝒂(𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊−𝟏 ) - |𝒂|(𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝟐𝒖𝒏𝒊 + 𝒖𝒏𝒊−𝟏 ) ---- (vii)
𝟐 𝟐

Roe’s Scheme for Burger Equation

𝛌 𝛌
𝒖𝒏+𝟏
𝒊 = 𝒖𝒏𝒊 - 𝒂(𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊−𝟏 ) - |𝒂|(𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝟐𝒖𝒏𝒊 + 𝒖𝒏𝒊−𝟏 ) ---- (vii)
𝟐 𝟐

Roe’s Scheme for Burger Equation

Eq Vii =>
𝛌 𝛌
𝒖𝒏+𝟏
𝒊 = 𝒖𝒏𝒊 - 𝒂(𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊 + 𝒖𝒏𝒊 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊−𝟏 ) - |𝒂|(𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝟐𝒖𝒏𝒊 + 𝒖𝒏𝒊−𝟏 )
𝟐 𝟐

𝑭𝒏𝒊+𝟏 - 𝑭𝒏𝒊 = 𝒂
̅ (𝑼𝒏𝒊+𝟏 - 𝑼𝒏𝒊 )
𝛌 𝛌
𝒖𝒏+𝟏
𝒊 = 𝒖𝒏𝒊 - [𝑭𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝑭𝒏𝒊 + 𝑭𝒏𝒊 − 𝑭𝒏𝒊−𝟏 ]- |𝒂|(𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝟐𝒖𝒏𝒊 + 𝒖𝒏𝒊−𝟏 )
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 𝟏
𝒖𝒏+𝟏
𝒊 =𝒖𝒏𝒊 –λ[ {𝑭𝒏𝒊+𝟏 + 𝑭𝒏𝒊 − |𝒂|(𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊 ) } − {𝑭𝒏𝒊 + 𝑭𝒏𝒊−𝟏 − |𝒂|(𝒖𝒏𝒊 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊−𝟏 )}]
𝟐 𝟐

Compare with general Numerical Flux Form:-

𝒖𝒏+𝟏
𝒊 =𝒖𝒏𝒊 –λ(𝒇𝒏 𝟏 − 𝒇𝒏 𝟏 )
𝒊+ 𝒊−
𝟐 𝟐

𝟏 𝒏 𝟏
𝒇𝒏 𝟏 = {𝑭𝒊+𝟏 + 𝑭𝒏𝒊 − 𝐐(𝛌𝒂)(𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊 ) }
𝒊+
𝟐 𝟐 𝝀
So, here:-
𝟏 𝒏
𝒇𝒏 𝟏 = {𝑭𝒊+𝟏 + 𝑭𝒏𝒊 − |𝒂|(𝒖𝒏𝒊+𝟏 − 𝒖𝒏𝒊 ) }
𝒊+
𝟐 𝟐

And 𝐐(𝛌𝒂) = 𝛌|𝒂|

Coefficient of Numerical Viscosity.