HISTORY OF CALL

1. Pre- CALL
What was said about new technologies and their implementation in teaching/learning can be
applied to foreign language education as well.
2. Structural CALL
In the 1950’s and 1960’s the first, pioneer CALL programs (nowadays called ‘behaviouristic
CALL’) appeared and they were used mainly for drilling and testing, which was in fact
partially due to the ruling behaviouristic theories, as well as the functions of computers,
which were limiting the first linear programs.
3. Communicative CALL
Two facts influenced the following development of CALL. Firstly, it was the attention
focused on communicative approaches based on meaning-focused language teaching/learning
in 1970’s; secondly – the development of technology leading to microcomputers, which
started to be used in CALL.
4. Integrative CALL
The Internet, multimedia, and hypermedia supported an interactive, individualized approach
to language teaching/learning, which was backed by the Vygotskyan sociocultural model of
language learning, in which interaction is a basic condition of creating meaning (Fotos -
Brown, 2004).
5. Ubiquitous CALL
The above mentioned facts lead us to the conclusion that the future generation of CALL can
be called “Ubiquitous CALL”, with the omnipresent technology and pervasive presence of
foreign language. If this definition is applied to CALL, we can say that the term “Ubiquitous
CALL” is approvable