SPE 62858
New Cutting Structure Design Improves the Performance of The PDC Bit
Mingguang Sun,and Yunlian Zhang,SPE,and Yukun Yang,SPE,and Huangtao,Jinhai Zhao,Shengli Oilfield Inst.
Copyright 2000, Society of Petroleum Engineers Inc.
This paper was prepared for presentation at the 2000 SPE/AAPG Western Regional
Meeting held in Long Beach, California, 19–23 June 2000.
This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE Program Committee following review
of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper,
as presented, have not been reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are
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Abstract
The conventional PDC bits have seldom been successfully
used in the inter-bedded formation since Shengli Oilfield
was discovered in 1964. The inter-bedded formation
contains hard dolomite, limestone stringers, abrasive sands
etc. In this kind of formation, rocks alter between soft and
hard quite frequently. Cutters of the PDC bit are prone to
damage because of bit vibrations while drilling.
This paper studies the characteristic of the inter-bedded
formation in Shengli oilfield, analysis the damage reason
of PDC cutters, presents a new method of cutting structure
design and describes the work principle of it. According to
the new design method, a new PDC bit with new cutting
structure is developed, in which two or three types of cutter
are arranged on each blade. These cutters are arranged in
special way to protect each other while drilling, and then
extends the bit life.
In field tests, the new designed PDC bit was successfully
used in inter-bedded formation drilling. Comparing with
conventional roller cone bit(or PDC bit) used in same
intervals, drilling footage of new designed bit increases by
more than one time and ROP increases by 30-70%.
Economic benefits have been achieved. The new designed
bit is being widely used in Shengli Oilfield.
Introduction
The PDC bit was first used in Shengli Oil Field in the
middle 1980’s, but the better effect was gained only at the
few regions like Bonan with relatively homogeneous
lithology. The reason why the performance and the benefit
was rarely achieved in most areas of Shengli Oilfield was
that the stratum of most of the region in Shengli Oilfield
was comparably complicated and had many lithologies and
the soft formation interlaced with the hard1. The PDC bit
was scarcely used for being easily damaged while drilling,
its life was influenced and the price was a little high. The
cone bit was the only tools to drill the interbedded
formations in Shengli Oilfield. It was hard to get rapid
breakthrough in the ROP because of the characters of the
cone bit.
The Characteristics of the Damage of
2
Conventional PDC Bit
PDC cutter damage can be divided into two categories:
abrasive damage and impact loading damage3. After
analyzing the recovered PDC bits, we found that the
characteristics of the damage of nearly all the PDC bits
was tooth rupture, PDC cutter crashed, lose compact,
washout, the erosion of bit body etc. From the view of
these characters of the damage, PDC bit bears an additional
force that was the main reason for the abnormal damage of
the PDC bit besides the counteracting force while cutting
the stratum and the formation wear. After summarizing the
application of the PDC bit combined with regions and the
stratigraphic intervals, we think there are several reasons
described below:
Formation interbedded with hard layers.
Formation interbedded with hard layers is prone to cause
compacts lost, compacts chip, and teeth broken. When
PDC bit drills from soft rock to hard layer, cutters
encounter different forces because of different positions on
bit crown. Uneven forces on cutters result in bit bouncing.
Most forces on bit are concentrated on several cutters that
encounter hard layer. Great instantaneous force on these
several cutters is prone to break or smash the teeth.
Especially when cutting extreme hard point in hard layer,
instantaneous force is great enough to break or crack the
teeth. When welding between compacts and bit body is not
firm enough, great instantaneous force also causes
compacts lost. If the hard layer presents a inclination angle,
bit bouncing and resulted damage to cutters would be more
serious. See Fig.1. When PDC bit drills in hard formation,
reaction force from rocks is concentrated at edges of
cutters. When bit drills in soft formation, reaction force
from rocks is dispersed on cutting face. So PDC cutters are
more prone to be damaged in hard formation than in soft
formation even at the same drilling parameters.
2 MINGGUANG SUN,YUNLIAN ZHANG,YUKUN YANG,HUANGTAO,JINHAI ZHAO SPE 62858

Unsuitable hydraulic parameters. In the three equations above: r ≥ rs

Over high hydraulic power could result in serious erosion
on bit body, and could cause cutters and nozzles lost. If the rS exists in the three equations above. The more hard
hydraulic power is unreasonably low, cutters cannot be formation the bit is suitable for, the bigger the rS is, and the
efficiently cleaned and cooled, accompanying by bit more shorter the crown outer cone is. Vise-versa.
balling in soft formation or over wear of compacts because On the basis of three basic profile curve equations,
of extreme temperature. If the bit nozzles were considering multi interbeded formation characteristics in
unreasonably positioned, jet stream, after being reflected Shengli Oilfield, we combined equal wearing principle and
by the bottom of the hole, would directly erode bit cutters. equal cutting principle in crown profile design, and finally
Because inter-bedded formations are widely dispersed in adopted crown profile(See Fig.2)suitable for multi
Shengli Oil Field, advanced damage to conventional PDC interbeded formation: dual circular arc light cone with
bits and high prices of PDC bits make it not economical to adequate outer cone. This kind of dual circular arc profile
promote PDC bits in Shengli Oil Field. has two characteristics: cutters are most reasonably
distributed on bit face; there is a smooth transition from bit
3,4
Design of PDC bit with new cutting structure cutters on nose to gauge cutters.
Design of Crown Profile
The design of crown profile is carried out basing on three Design of New Cutting Structure5
basic profiles: single cone profile, shallow cone profile and Design of cutting structure is to design cutters size, cutting
double cone profile. PDC bit with single cone profile is angle, cutter distributing density and distributing method.
suitable for soft to middle soft formation, normally fixed Considering damage characteristics of conventional PDC
with bigger cutters in middle distributing density. This bits and formation characteristics in Shengli Oilfield, new
kind of bit can take best advantages of hydraulic power and cutting structure is designed to prevent advance damage to
make out high penetration rate in soft formation. PDC bit PDC compacts. (See Fig.3). In this design, PDC compacts
with shallow cone profile is suitable for soft to middle hard are adopted as main cutters and TSP (artificial thermally
formation, normally fixed with cutters in low to high stable polycrystalline diamond) as auxiliary cutters that are
distributing density. This kind of bit has a longer life distributed in adequate density. This cutting structure
because cutters’ resistance ability to forces is reinforced. design is the key technique for new type of PDC bit to be
PDC bit with double cone profile, which has sharp nose used in multi interbeded formation.
and deep inner cone, is suitable for middle hard to hard Size of Cutters
formation, normally fixed with cutters in middle to high The PDC compact whose diameter is 13mm is selected as
distributing density. Light cone profile is also usually the main cutting element and the properly sized TSP is the
adopted in TSP and natural diamond bit designs. auxiliary cutting element. These two elements form the
The design of the crown profile of the PDC bit is based new compound cutting structure to drill the hard stringer
on the character of the formation. According to different through using the cutter layout process.
design principles (equal cutting principle, equal wearing Cutting Angle
principle, equal power principle) of bits, different crown The cutting angle, generally controlled within 100 to 300, is
curve equations are concluded as follows: adopted from little to big when formation hardness varies
from low to high. But the side-turning angle of cutters
Design on equal cutting principle: varies with different cutting wings. Generally side-turning
angle of cutters on straight cutting wing is fixed between 50
2
r  and 150, but side-turning angle of cutters on spiral cutting
h=∫   − 1 dr + c .......................................(1) wing varies along spiral curve. In new design, cutting
 rs  angle varies gradually from 150 for bit central cutters to 200
for outside cutters, and side-turning angle of cutters is
Design on equal wearing principle: determined by perpendicular of normal line along cutting
2 wings. The angle design is the key technique in this task.
r n Distributing density of cutters
h=∫   − 1 dr + c ......................................(2) Distributing density of cutters on new PDC bit is
 rs  determined by formation hardness and abrasiveness,
particularly by formation characteristics of hard interbeded
Design on equal power principle: layers. In addition, bit vibration arises on soft-hard
2 interfaces, causing cutter damage on bit nose and circular
r  nc arc transition. So on these points, one measure is to
h=∫   − 1 dr + c ..................................(3) increase cutter density by adequately distributing same-
 rs  trace cutters, and the second measure is to engage TSP to
increase cutter density and to increase anti-compact ability
of PDC cutters.
SPE 62858 NEW CUTTING STRUCTURE DESIGN IMPROVES THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PDC BIT
Cutter distributing method6
Cutter distributing includes radial distributing and
circumfer- ential distributing. Radial distributing means to
distribute the cutting teeth along the shape on the radius
plane of bit and can get the radial distributing drawing
which reflecting the cutting teeth’s distributing or the
covering status on the bottom hole in the radial direction.
Radial distributing. According to equally cutting principle,
the radial distributing formula is :
Rci 1 8r r
Rci +1 = + Rci2 + 0 c
2 2 fd
..............................(4)
(i = 1,2, … , N − 1)
2( N − 1) rc
fd ≈ ......................................................(5)
Lc
The radial situation of each cutter can be ascertained by
this formula to ensure good cutting and covering effect on
the bottom of the hole.
Circumferential distributing. It means to distribute the
cutting teeth in a way on the plane which perpendicular
with the axes line of the bit and can get the circumferential
distributing drawing which reflecting the cutting teeth’s
distributing azimuth on the bit plane. The circumferential
distributing formula can be derived from polar coordinates
equation as follow:
Rci − Rc1
θ ci = θ S + θ m ........................................(6)
RcN − Rc1
i ∈ [1, N ], m ∈ [1, M ]
The circumferential angle of each cutting tooth can be
ascertained and the circumferential distributing teeth
drawing can be drawn according to this formula to ensure
good distributing on the bit plane.
All the cutter distributing ways have been programmed
in the computer. PDC bit computer auxiliary design
software programmed by the South-west Petroleum
Institute has been used to design Combined PDC bit’s
cutting teeth but has been modified as per designing
experience.
Cutter distributing manners
Two distributing manners are generally adopted to PDC
bit: blade manner and scattering manner. Blade manner:
distributing teeth more equality, flow area is wide,
effective flow field can be formed to clean and remove the
cuttings; Scattering manner: Bit surface is utilized
adequately to distributing the teeth in high density, but it’s
difficult to get good cleaning. Considering multi hard-soft
inter-beds in Shengli area, blade manner has been chose for
PDC bit to strengthen the clean effect and cutting carrying
3
ability in soft formation, and enhance the cooling effect in
hard formation.
Design of Hydraulic Program7
Hydraulic program design of PDC bit affects the working
quality and the duration of the bit. According to the
performance experience of many PDC bits, besides to be
affected by formation hardness, abrasiveness and
instantaneous load, a main factor influencing the bit
duration is the hydraulic erosion on bit body and the
cutting teeth. Therefore hydraulic program design of the bit
is one of the most important factors in combined PDC bit
design.
Hydraulic program design of the new type compact PDC
bit is designed in allusion to the hydraulic program and the
erosion character .(see Fig. 4)
Adjust azimuth and jet angle of the nozzle
On the base task of cooling PDC bit, cleaning the bottom
hole and carrying cuttings, adequate adjustment on azimuth
and jet angle of the nozzle can lead jet flow to the biggish
discharging cutting groove and reduce the hydraulic
erosion to cutting teeth and blade. If the angle between the
nozzle and the axis of the bit is increased, the reflecting
distance of jet flows from bottom of the hole to bit body
and cutting teeth will be increased, the hydraulic erosion to
cutting teeth and bit body can be decreased.
To deepen the bit’s cutting discharging groove
To deepen the bit’s cutting discharging groove, as a result,
is to increase the space between the nozzle and bottom
hole. It presents two advantages: one is to cut down more
hydraulic energy of reflected flows back from the bottom
of the hole, the other is to increase the depth of the bit’s
discharging cutting groove can increase the flow area of
the surface of the bit and reduce the erosion to the bit body
by jet flow.
Stability Design of New PDC Bit8
The stability design of the new compound cutting structure
PDC bit mainly involves aspects described below:
Force Balance Design
Landscape orientation unbalance force should be
controlled within 5% of WOB as per force balance
principle. Force balance design can improve the working
stability of the bit, ease bit vibration and increase the bit
duration. Force balance principle has been adopted in new
compact PDC bit design. Designed landscape orientation
unbalance force is only 2.1% according to calculation.
Spiral Blade Design
Spiral blade reduces the gyral effect of the bit. With spiral
blade, cutting force is dispersed and contact stress between
gauge teeth and hole wall is decreased, and as result gyral
movement times of the bit is reduced. Side-turning angle of
cutters is helpful for drilling fluid carrying cutting and
cleaning the bottom hole. In addition, spiral gauge mass
can increase the contact area with hole wall and improve
the working stability of the bit. Design of Cutters layout at
the Same Track.
4 MINGGUANG SUN,YUNLIAN ZHANG,YUKUN YANG,HUANGTAO,JINHAI ZHAO
Distributing design for the same trace cutters
Distributing design for same trace cutters is helpful to keep
bit in the middle of the hole while rotating and so to
increase working stability of the bit. Distributing design for
same trace cutters means to distribute some PDC cutters on
different positions on bit crown, i.e. to distribute several
cutters in a certain radius. This can improve the working
stability of the bit and increase the distributing teeth
density at certain positions.
Combined distributing design for cutters
According to combined PDC structure design, the main
cutting component is PDC cutters and the assistant cutting
component is large mass TSP. TSP is located behind PDC
cutting teeth and lower than PDC cutters. This combined
cutting structure is helpful for cutting teeth to penetrate the
formation continuously while drilling in the hard-interbeds,
and as a result keeping ROP stable. In other words,
penetration rate of this PDC bit can be controlled not too
fast in soft formation or too slow in hard information. So
this design reduces the vibrancy probability of the bit
generally arising on soft-hard interfaces.
Test and Applications of the New PDC Bit
The PDC bit with new cutting structure sees Fig.5.
At Straight Section
The new PDC bit with new cutting structure was first
experimented on well Chun-70-2 in August 1998,
beginning at the depth of 2,014m and drilled to the total
depth 2,625m(TD) and the stratigraphic horizon was S1 ~
S4. The footage was 611m and the penetration rate was
8.64m/h and the newness of the bit was above 85% except
very few PDC compact was slightly crashed after the bit
was pulled out. At the end of that August, this bit was used
for the second time at 1736~2100m on well Li-932 in
which the formation was drilled from S1 to S4 for 364m
and the penetration rate of 7.14m/h. The bit was used on
well Chun-70-7 in that September again beginning at
1,810m and pulled out at the total depth of 2,610m(TD).
The formation was from Dongyingzu to S4, the footage
was 800m and the average rate of penetration was
11.94m/h.
The total footage of the bit was 1,775m equaling to that
of three H517 tri-cone bits that was the record of highest
footage for a PDC bit in Shengli Oilfield. The average rate
of penetration was 9.4m/h and 2.66m/h more than that of
H517cone bit.
This kind of PDC bit was used for many times at other
areas of Shengli Oilfield and the highest footage of a bit
was 3,952m. In those areas, the conventional PDC bit was
not recorded on success. The average footage of a bit was
about 1,200m exceeding that of two H517 tri-cone bits at
same intervals in the same area. The average rate of
penetration was 10m/h which was 50% more than that of
H517 tri-cone bit. The well construction period was
shortened for 1~3 days and the ROP was greatly enhanced,
so the economic and social benefit was very obvious, see
table 1,3.
SPE 62858
At Directional Section
The new compound cutting structure PDC bit was used on
directional well Ying12-170 in which the formation was
drilled from S1 to S3 in November 1998 beginning at
1883.84m and was pulled out at 2750m of the total depth.
The footage was 686.16m and the average rate of
penetration was 19.6m/h. The bit often bounced while
drilling and the penetration rate was not stable that
obviously indicated the character of hard stringers. The
newness of the bit was above 80% after the bit was pulled
out which showed that the impact resistance of the bit was
excellent.
The bit was then used on directional well Xin-140
beginning at 1,574m at the tangent section and was pulled
out at 2,198m of the total depth whose lithology was S1 to
S3. The footage was 624m and the average rate of
penetration was 19.81m/h. The newness was more than
70% after being pulled out. The electromagnetic
measurement indicated that the oil and the gas was not
very well so the production company required to change
the design and re-orient the direction of the well. The well
was packed to 1650m and drilled with the former PDC bit
beginning at the tangent section to 2,210m of the total
depth. The average rate of penetration was 11.31m/h and
the newness of the bit was 40%.
The total footage of the new PDC bit was 1,870m and
the average rate of penetration was 16.12m/h.
More than fifty PDC bits with new cutting structure
were used in the directional wells with the average footage
of 1,200m and its average rate of penetration was
11.45m/h. Compared with the H517 tri-cone bit at the
same area, the average rate of penetration was 60% higher
and the total footage was equal to three H517 tri-cone bits.
The economic benefit was very obvious for the ROP was
greatly heightened (table 3 shows the data of some bits).
At Horizontal Section
The new compound PDC bit was tested at the horizontal
section on well Chun56-Ping3 at December 1998. Use the
compound PDC bit to increase the hole angle at 2241.24m
to 2550.16m and the inclination increased from 0.6°to
68.7°. The footage was 308.92m and the average rate of
penetration was 6.57m/h and the formation was S3.
Because the built-up rate is small, a H517 tri-cone bit was
used to build the inclination to 89°and then was pulled
out then the drilling tool for horizontal section drilled to
2,734m and pulled because the ROP is quite low(lower
than 3m/h). The PDC bit again drilled from 2,734m to
2,899m of the total depth and the inclination was increased
from 89.3 to 94.8. The footage was 156m, the net drilling
time was 25.3h and the average rate of penetration was
6.15m/h at S3 formation.
The total footage of the PDC bit at the well was
464.43m, the net drilling time amounted to 72.3h and the
average rate of penetration was 6.42m/h. The newness of
the bit was 85%. Compared with the H517 tri-cone bit at
same interval on well Chun56-Ping1, the average rate of
SPE 62858 NEW CUTTING STRUCTURE DESIGN IMPROVES THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PDC BIT
penetration was increased more than 65% and the total
footage was equal to three H517 tri-cone bits. see table 2.
The characters of the new PDC bit were having no
movable parts , long life, suitable for high rotary speed and
low WOB(Weight On Bit). Therefore, combined with the
bottom-hole hydraulic power drilling tools,this kind of bit
was more suitable to drill the horizontal well, helping to
increase the drilling speed, reduce the trip times,decrease
the down-hole accidents and the economic benefit was
very obvious.
The analysis of technology and economic benefit
The appended tables (1 to 4) show as follows:
Compared with H517 cone bit in the same straight,
directional and horizontal section, the footage of the new
type PDC is improved more than one time, the penetration
rate is 30 to 100% higher. Calculated the rig daily rate in
30,000 RMB per day, the drilling cost is 80 RMB per
meter, the well – building cycle per well shall be shrank
one to three days(varies with different area), the drilling
cost is saved, the economic benefit is improved.
Within eight months since the test of new PDC bit got
success, more than 300 new type PDC bits have been used
at areas of Shengli Oilfield, such as Chunhua, Shikou,
Shengtuo, Dongying, Dongxin, Laizhouwan, Guangbei,
Bonan, Hekou and so on. If calculate the saved cost in 80
RMB per meter and the footage in 1000 meters for one
new PDC bit, compared with cone bit, more than 24
million RMB is saved by using 200 new PDC bit. In
addition, the new PDC bit has the advantages of no-motion
components, lower WOB, more footage, lower load and so
on, so as to reduce the times of trips and downhole
accidents, debase the workers’ intension and extend the life
of rig.
Conclusions
1. Aiming at the formation characteristics of interbeds
in Shengli Oilfield, we present a new cutting structure,
design the new PDC bit optimally, enlarge the using scope,
provide effective rock- breaking tool for the formation with
interbeds.
2. To carry out the new combined cutting design, we
initiate a new method of designing cutting configuration to
overcome the single cutting element model.
3. We analyze the crown profile, hydraulics, stability of
the new PDC bit and design according to the formation
characteristics in Shengli Oilfield in this paper.
4. Compared with H517 cone bit, the new PDC bit
mentioned in this paper can improve the drilling speed
more than one time, the penetration rate more 50%, the
drilling cost per meter can be at least decreased 30%.
5. The new PDC bit can improve drilling speed, shrink
well-building cycle, reduce the drilling cost in Shengli
Oilfield, it is recommended strongly that the new PDC
should be used in every oilfield with interbeds.
5
Nomenclature
h = axial distance of cutter at rs
r = bit radius
rs = radial distance of No.s cutter on the bit
n , nc = experiment indexes, related to cutters and
lithology
c = integral constant
Rci , Rci+1 = radius of No.i, i+1 cutter center on the bit
R0 = radius of bit crown
rc = radius of cutter
fd = coefficient of cutter distributing density
N = number of the cutters
Lc = length of the crown circular arc
θci= circumferential angle of No. i cutter in No.m
sprial line
θs = polar angle’s remainder among the gauge cutter
and the center cutter
θm = starting polar angle of No.m sprial line
Rc1, Rci , RcN = radius of the cutter center, No. i cutter
and gauge cutter respectively on the surface
of the bit
N = number of the cutters on the bit
M = number of the sprial line for cutters distributing
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Drilling Technology Research
Institute of Shengli Oilfield and Huanghe drilling Conpany
and Bohai drilling Conpany for permission to present this
paper, Thanks also to Shusheng Li and Dekun Ma for their
assistance in preparing the maniuscript.
References
1. Wenyuan Mei: “The Applicatipn of PDC Bit”, Petroleum
Drillingand Exploration techniques, 3th.1990
2. Shoukang Cheng: “Standard drilling and geology design in
Shengli oil and gas area” , Peking Petroleum Industry
Publishing Company, 1996.
3. Sinor,L.A. and Powers,J.R., “The Effect of PDC Cutter
Density,Back Rake,Size,and Speed on Performance”, paper
SPE 39306 presented at the 1998 IADC/SPE Drilling
Conference. Dallas.Texas 3-6 March 1998.
4. Mingguang Sun: “diamond bit design and model selection by
logging result” , Petroleum Drilling And Exploration
Techniques, 2th.1999
5. Mingguang Sun: “PDC Bit Research for Multi Interdeded
Formation in Shengli Oil Field”,Doctor Thesis ,1999
6. Shusheng Li: “Study on Work Theory and modern Design
Method for PDC Bit”, Doctor Thesis ,1994
7. Watson,G.R. et al.: “Using New Computational Fluid
Dynamics Techniques to Improve PDC Bit
Performance”,paper SPE 37580 presented at the 1997
SPE/IADC Drilling Conference, Amsterdam,Mar.4-6.
8. Warren,T.M. et al.: “Development of a Whirl-Resistant Bit”,
paper SPE 19572 presented at the 1989 SPE Annual
Conference and Exhibition,San Antonio, Oct.8-11.
6 MINGGUANG SUN,YUNLIAN ZHANG,YUKUN YANG,HUANGTAO,JINHAI ZHAO SPE 62858

Table 1--Comparison between PDC bit and cone bit used in offset wells (215.9mm bit)
Well Construction
Depth In Depth Out Footage ROP Daily Cost Bit Cost Cost Per Meter
Well No. Bit Type Period
m m m m/h RMB RMB RMB/m
day
Chun70-2 2014 2625 611 8.64 30000 PDC 14000 167.6 18

1810 2460 650 7.1 H517 12500 206.8

Chun70-10 30000 25
2460 2673 213 4.44 SH22R 5500 342.6

Chun 70-7 1810 2610 800 11.72 30000 PDC 14000 124.2 16

2010 2522 512 5.1 H517 12500 279.1

Chun 70-3 30000 22
2522 2640 118 5.8 H517 12500 335.8
Comments: The same PDC bit was used in Chun 70-2 and Chun 70-7 well, so the cost of this PDC bit is shared equally
in two wells

Table 2--Comparison between PDC bits and rock bits in horizontal wells

Number Depth In Depth Out Footage Rotating Time ROP

Rig No. Well No. Bit dia. Bit Type Manufacturer Formation
of Bit m m m h m/h

311 3 Cone bit Shanghai, Chengdu 157.5 1950 1792.5 110.05 16.29 P-S1
4583 Chun56-H1
216 5 H517 Jianghan 1950 2854 904 235.6 3.84 S1-S3

311 4 Cone bit Shanghai, Chengdu 148 2193 2045 173.7 11.77 P-S3

2193 2241
4583 Chun56-H3 216 1 H517 jianghan 241 62.6 3.85 S3
2550 2743

Drilling technology 2241 2550

216 1 PDC 465 72.3 6.43 S3
Research Institute 2743 2899
SPE 62858 NEW CUTTING STRUCTURE DESIGN IMPROVES THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PDC BIT 7

Table 3--Performance data of new type PDC bit(215.9mm) in November 1998

Depth In Depth Out Footage ROP

No. WELL No. m m Formation m m/h Remarks

Chun70-5 1965 2640 D~S4 675 10.38 drilled to TD, new degree 85%
1
Chun 70-11 1860 2570 D~S4 710 7.74 new degree 50%
Tong85-1 2012 2876 S3~K 864 13.6 drilled to TD, new degree 90%
2
Tong 83-2 2112 2506 S3 394 8.8 new degree 70%
3 Chun 70-12 1930 2780 S1~K 850 12.5 drilled to TD, new degree8 5%
1526 1866 D 340 10.5 Check drill pipe, new degree 80%
4 Shi127
2186 2754 S1~S3 568 12.0 ROP slow down, new degree 65%
5 Tuo3-4-216 1394 2825 D~S3 1428 10.1 new degree 50%
6 Da65-53 1650 2480 D~S2 830 11.5 drilled to TD, new degree 90%
1800 2001 S1~S2 201 26.1 deflecting, new degree 95%
Ying12-D 170
2085 2570 S2~S3 485 11.4 drilled to TD, new degree 85%
7
Xin11-140 1574 2198 D~S3 624 19.8 drilled to TD, new degree 80%
Xin11- D 140 1620 2210 D~S3 590 11.9 drilled to TD, new degree 65%
Yi941-12 2415 3074 D~S2 659 11.4 new degree 85%
8
Yi4-6-17 2001 2636 G~D 635 7.1 new degree50%
Ying9- D l2 2760 3054 S3 294 14.3 drilled to TD, new degree 85%
9
Lai14-12 1490 2600 S1~S3 1110 18.8 drilled to TD, new degree 65%
10 Chun 17- D l241 1820 2387 S1~K 567 12.9 drilled to TD, new degree 85%
Tuo3-4-520 1755 2175 S1~S3 420 14.3 drilled to TD, new degree 80%
11
Tuo3-5-021 1590 2075 D~S3 485 12.3 drilled to TD, new degree 70%
12 Wang27-1 1610 2915 D~S4 1305 13.2 new degree 60%
13 Guangbei9- D 28 1817 2744 S1~S4 927 12.1 drilled to TD, new degree 75%
3-9-149 1467 2248 D~S3 781 17.2 drilled to TD, new degree 90%
14
3-6-138 1510 2130 D~S3 620 14.3 drilled to TD, new degree 85%

Table 4--Comparison of bits’ performance in November 1998

Drilling
Number of Average Footage Average ROP
Bit Type Interval
bits m m/h
m
cone bit 1500-3000 98 392.21 5.91

new PDC bit 1500-3000 14 1168.7 12.47

8 MINGGUANG SUN,YUNLIAN ZHANG,YUKUN YANG,HUANGTAO,JINHAI ZHAO SPE 62858