11

Statistics and Probability

Activity Sheets
Quarter 3 – MELC 10
Illustrating a Normal Random Variable
and its Characteristics

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Activity Sheet No. 10
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for
exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things,
impose as a condition the payment of royalties.

This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western

Visayas.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of Statistics and Probability Activity Sheet

Writer: Menchie L. Beltran

Illustrator: Menchie L. Beltran

Layout Artists: Menchie L. Beltran and Rutchel J. Ngipen

Schools Division Quality Assurance Team:

Ligaya H. Montelijao, EPS-Mathematics
Leila G. Valencia, EPS-LR
Jezereel Grace G. Tiron
Bernie P. Alcedo
Division of Iloilo City Management Team:
Ma. Luz M. De los Reyes, SDS
Ernesto F. Servillon Jr., ASDS
Arlo L. Villalva, CID Chief
Dr. Jerry M. Lego, SGOD Chief
Leila G. Valencia, EPS-LR
Ligaya H. Montelijao, EPS-Mathematics
Regional Management Team
Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma
Dr. Josilyn S. Solana
Dr. Elena P. Gonzaga
Mr. Donald T. Genine
Mr. Adonis Mosquera

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Introductory Message
Welcome to Statistics and Probability for Senior High School!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division of Iloilo City and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western Visayas
through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This is
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible
adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
employment.

For learning facilitator:

The Statistics and Probability for Senior High School will help you
facilitate the teaching-learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning
Competency (MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and
learner. This will be made available to the learners with the references/links to ease
the independent learning.

For the learner:

The Statistics and Probability for Senior High School is developed to help
you continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides
you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an
active learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the
activities and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the
agreed schedule.

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 Quarter 3, Week 3

Learning Activity Sheets (LAS) No. 10

Name of Learner: ___________________ Grade and Section: _________________

Date: _____________________________

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY ACTIVITY SHEET

Illustrating a Normal Random Variable and Its Characteristics

I. Learning Competency with Code

Illustrates a normal random variable and its characteristics.
(M11/12SP-IIIc-1)

II. Background Information for Learners

In the previous lessons, you have learned about the random variables and
its probability distributions. We used samples of discrete data to find a
probability distribution with the same pattern. That pattern is used to make
predictions or decisions concerning the population. However, not all data are
discrete. Some are continuous. In this lesson, we will consider a distribution of
this type commonly known as normal probability distribution or simply normal
curve.
Normal Probability Distribution is a probability distribution of continuous
random variables. It shows graphical representations of random variables
obtained through measurement such as the height and weight of the students.
It is sometimes called the bell curve. It is used to describe the characteristics of
populations and help us visualize the inferences we make about the population.
It is also used to determine the probabilities and percentile of the continuous
random variables in the distribution.

𝜇
Fig. 1. Normal Probability Distribution

A lot of data follow this type of pattern. That’s why it’s widely used in
businesses, schools, and in different fields. Examples include:
 Heights of people
 Measurement errors
 Blood pressure
 Points on a test
 IQ scores
 Salaries

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Characteristics of Normal Curve
The graphical representation of the normal distribution is popularly known
as a normal curve. The normal curve is described clearly by the following
characteristics.
1. The distribution curve is bell-shaped.
2. The curve is symmetrical about its center. This means that, if we draw a
segment from the peak of the curve down to the horizontal axis, the
segment divides the normal curve into two equal parts or areas.
3. The mean, median, and mode coincide at the center. This also means
that in a normal distribution, or a distribution described by a normal
curve, the mean, median, and mode are equal.
4. The width of the curve is determined by the standard deviation of the
distribution.
5. The tails of the curve are plotted in both directions and flatten out
indefinitely along the horizontal axis. The tails are thus asymptotic to the
baseline. A portion of the graph that is asymptotic to a reference axis or
another graph is called an asymptote, always approaching another but
never touching it.
6. The total area under a normal curve is 1. This means that the normal
curve represents the probability, or the proportion, or the percentage
associated with specific sets of measurement values.

The empirical rule tells you what percentage of your data falls within a
certain number of standard deviations from the mean:
 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean.
 95% of the data falls within two standard deviations of the mean.
 99.7% of the data falls within three standard deviations of the mean.

Fig. 2. Standard Normal Curve

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Example 1. Drawing a normal distribution
The height of SHS students is normally distributed with a mean of
𝜇 = 150 cm and a standard deviation of 𝜎 = 10 cm.
Sketch a normal curve that describes this distribution.
Solution:
Step 1: Sketch a normal curve.
Step 2: The mean of 150 cm goes in the middle.
Step 3: Each standard deviation is a distance of 10 cm

120 130 140 150 160 170 180

Example 2. Finding percentages in a normal distribution

The height of SHS students is normally distributed with a mean of

𝜇 = 150 cm and a standard deviation of 𝜎 = 10 cm.
Approximately what percent of these students have a height greater than
170 cm?

Solution:
Step 1: Sketch a normal distribution with a mean of 150 cm and a standard
deviation of σ =10cm.
Step 2: The height of 170cm is two standard deviations above the mean.
Shade above that point.
Step 3: Add the percentages in the shaded area.

120 130 140 150 160 170 180

2.35% + 0.15% = 2.5%

About 2.5% of the students have a height greater than 170 cm.

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 Example 3. Finding the whole count

The height of SHS students is normally distributed with a mean of

𝜇 =150 cm and a standard deviation of 𝜎 = 10 cm.
A certain school has 500 students.
Approximately how many of these students have a height lower than
140 cm?

Solution:
Step 1: Sketch a normal distribution with a mean of 150 cm and a standard
deviation of σ =10 cm.
Step 2: The height of 140 cm is one standard deviation below the mean.
Shade below that point.
Step 3: Add the percentages in the shaded area.

120 130 140 150 160 170 180

0.15% + 2.35% + 13.5% = 16%

About 16% of these students have a height lower than 140 cm.

Step 4: How many students have a height lower than 140 cm.

16% 𝑜𝑓 500 = 0.16(500) = 80

About 80 students have a height lower than 140 cm.

III. Accompanying DepEd Textbook and Education Sites

Alferez, M.S. & Duro, M.A. (2006). MSA Statistics and Probability. MSA
Publishing House. Reprinted 2016.
Belecina, R. R.et.al. (2016). Statistics and Probability. First Edition. Rex Book
Store, Inc.
CHED. Statistics and Probability. Pasig City: Department of Education - Bureau
of Learning Resources, 2016, pp 108-1116
https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and-statistics/normal-distributions/
https://www.khanacademy.org/

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IV. Activity Proper
General Directions: In answering the exercises in the Learning Activity Sheet
(LAS), please be reminded not to write anything here. All answers must be
written in a separate sheet of paper. Read each problem carefully and answer
it systematically. If a solution is required, encircle your final answer.

Exercise 1: True or False. Write the word TRUE if the statement is correct and
FALSE if otherwise.
1. The normal curve is bell-shaped.
2. The normal curve is asymmetrical about its center.
3. The mean, median and mode in a normal distribution have the same
value.
4. The total area of the normal curve is 0.
5. The tails of the curve when extended touch the horizontal line.

Exercise 2: Illustrate the situation:

The Senior High School students had a 50-item quarterly examination in
their Statistics and Probability class. The scores are normally distributed with a
mean of 38 and a standard deviation of 2.
a. Sketch a normal curve.
b. What percent of the scores are between 36 and 40?
c. What scores fall within 95% of the distribution?

V. Reflection
Instruction. Reflect on the following questions and write your response in your
journal.
1. Why would a large sample of data be favorable for making decisions?
2. What is its implication to real-life?

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 6
Exercise 1:
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. False
Exercise 2:
a.
32 34 36 38 40 42 44
b. 68%
c. 34-42
Answer Key VI.