Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Finding Possible Values of a
Random Variable
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 3: Finding Possible Values of a Random Variable
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: Reynaldo L. Nanson

Editors: Jerome A. Chavez, Celestina M. Alba and Nestor N. Sandoval
Reviewers: Irlo L. Dumo, Nenita N. De Leon and Ma. Theresa B. Yanto
Illustrator: Dhojie N. Yanto
Layout Artist: Ronnjemmele A. Rivera
Management Team: Wilfredo E. Cabral
Job S. Zape Jr.
Eugenio S. Adrao
Elaine T. Balaogan
Fe M. Ong-ongowan
Catherine P. Talavera
Gerlie M. Ilagan
Chester Buddy M. Repia
Herbert D. Perez
Lorena S. Walangsumbat
Jee-Ann O. Borines
Celestina M.Alba
Asuncion C. Ilao
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education – Region IV-A CALABARZON
Office Address: Gate 2 Karangalan Village, Barangay San Isidro
Cainta, Rizal 1800
Telefax: 02-8682-5773/8684-4914/8647-7487
E-mail Address: region4a@deped.gov.ph
 Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 3:
Finding Possible Values of a
Random Variable
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability Alternative for Senior High School
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Finding Possible Values of a Random Variable!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Finding Possible Values of a Random Variable!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity, or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity that will

help you transfer your new knowledge or

iii
 skill into real-life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends to the
retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the process of finding the possible values of a random variables. The
scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations.
The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The
lesson is arranged to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order
in which you read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you
are now using.

The module has one lesson:

• Lesson 1 – Finding possible values of a random variable.

After going through this module, you are expected to find possible values of
random variables.

What I Know

Before studying this module, take this pre-test to find out how much you
already know about the topic covered. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.

1. A quantity resulting from an experiment by chance that can assume

different values is called ________________.
A. Ran dom sample
B. Random variable
C. Random process
D. Random experiment

2. Which of the following is NOT a true statement?

A. Random variables can only have one value.
B. The value of a random variable could be zero.
C. The probability of all the value of a random variable could be zero.
D. The sum of all the probabilities in a probability distribution is
always equal to one.

1
3. If a coin is tossed, what are the possible values of the random variable for
the number of heads?
A. 0, 1
B. 0, 1, 2
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 0, 1, 2, 3

For numbers 4 - 9. Suppose you tossed two coins.

4. What are the sample spaces for the experiment above?

A. HH, TT
B. HH, HT, TT
C. HH, TH, TT
D. HH, HT, TT, TH

5. How many possible outcomes will occur from the experiment above?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

6. What are the possible values of the random variable for the number of
heads?
A. 0, 1
B. 0, 1, 2
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 0, 1, 2, 3

7. What are the possible values of the random variable for the number of
tails?
A. 0, 1
B. 0, 1, 2
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 0, 1, 2, 3

8. Which of the following is NOT a possible value of the random variable for
the number of heads?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

9. Which of the following is NOT a possible value of the random variable for
the number of tails?
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1

2
For numbers 10 – 11. You decide to conduct a survey of families with two
children. You are interested in counting the number of girls (out of 2
children) in each family.

10. Is the above experiment “counting the number of girls (out of 2 children)
in each family” a random variable?
A. Yes, it is a random variable.
B. No, it is not a random variable.
C. Maybe.
D. It cannot be determined.

11. If the experiment above shows a random variable, then what are the
possible values of it?
A. Its value can be 1 or 2.
B. Its value can be 0, 1, or 2.
C. Its value can be 2 or 4.
D. None, since it is not a random variable.

12. In a local community, a couple was asked the questions, “Are you
satisfied with the work of the current president?” If the husband and the
wife both said “yes”, the response is written as YY. If the husband said
yes and the wife said “no”, the response is YN. Let X be the number of
“yes” responses, what are the possible values of the random variables?
A. 0, 1, 2
B. 1, 2, 3
C. 2, 3, 4
D. 1, 1, 2

For numbers 13 - 15. Suppose two laptops are tested. Let D represent the
defective laptop and N represent the non-defective laptop.

13. What are the possible sample spaces for the experiment?
A. DD, NN
B. DD, DN, NN
C. DD, ND, NN
D. DD, DN, NN, ND

14. How many possible outcomes will occur from the experiment?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5

3
 15. If we let X be the random variable representing the number of defective
laptops. What are the possible values of the random variable?
A. 0, 1
B. 0, 1, 2
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 0, 1, 2, 3

Well, what do you think about the pre-test? Did you do it well? Compare your
answers with those in the Answer Key on the last part of this module to find out
your level of performance in this test. If all your answers are correct, then it’s
excellent! This shows that you already know much about the topic. You may
SKIP this module and PROCEED to the next module.

If you got a low score or missed a point, it’s ok. This module was made to help
you understand important concepts about random variables that you can apply
in your daily life. If you study this module carefully, you will learn the answers
to all the items in the test and a lot more!

Are you ready? Let’s begin your journey.

Lesson
Finding Possible Values of a
1 Random Variable

We first learned about the definition of variables in the introduction of Algebra,

and we know from our Algebra lessons that a variable is a placeholder for real
number values that can be assigned to it. Some examples of variables include X
for the number of tails or Y for the number of computers or Z for running time
of movies.

If three coins are tossed, what numbers can be assigned for the frequency of
heads that will occur? If three cards are drawn from a deck, what number can
be assigned for the frequency of face cards that will occur? These questions may
be answered using random variables which you will learn in this module.

4
 What’s In

Recall that a variable is an attribute that can assume different values. We use
letters to denote or represent a variable. In this lesson, we shall discuss
variables that are resulted from an experiment by chance, called random
variables..

To find out if you are ready to learn this new lesson, try to determine whether
each of the following experiments/situations involved discrete or a continuous
random variable.

1. Choosing an even number less than 100.

2. Tallying the number of households in a subdivision that has a least one
vehicle.
3. Gathering information about the average monthly income of a
household.
4. Teacher applicants in the Division of Quezon.
5. Recording the number of patients who recovered from COVID-19.

Notes to the Teacher

To be able to arrive in an accurate and similar answer, the

teacher must advise the learners to read about:
Key concepts on Discrete and Continuous Random
Variables

5
 What’s New

To understand how one finds possible values of random variables, do the

activity below.

Suppose two iPhone are tested at random. We want to find out the
number of defective iPhone. Thus, to each outcome in the sample space we
shall assign a value. These are 0, 1, or 2. If there is no defective iPhone, we
assign the number 0; if there is 1 defective iPhone, we assign the number 1;
and 2, if there are two defective iPhone. The number of defective iPhone is a
random variable. The possible values of this random variable are 0, 1, and 2.

iPhone 1 iPhone 2

Read and analyze the given situation below.

Illustration

Let D represent the defective iPhone and N for the non-defective iPhone.
If we let Y be the random variable representing the number of defective
iPhone, show the values of the random variable Y. Complete the table
below to show the values of the random variable.

Value of the Random Variable Y

Possible Outcomes
(number of defective iPhone)

6
The completed table should look like this.

Value of the Random Variable Y (number

Possible Outcomes
of defective iPhone)
DD 2
NN 0
DN 1
ND 1

Now, it's your turn.

Suppose three laptops are tested at random. We want to find out the
number of non-defective laptops. Thus, to each outcome in the sample
space we shall assign a value. These are 0, 1, 2, or 3. If there is no
defective laptop, we assign the number 0; if there is 1 non-defective
laptop, we assign the number 1; if there are two non-defective laptops, we
assign the number 2 and 3, if there are three non-defective laptops.
The number of non-defective laptops is a random variable. Let D
represents the defective laptop and N represents the non-defective laptop.
If we let X be the random variable representing the number of non-
defective laptops, show the values of the random variable X. Complete
the table below to show the values of the random variable.

Value of the Random Variable X

Possible Outcomes
(number of non-defective laptops)

This time, you need to reflect on the following questions because it will
help you to understand the appropriate way in finding the possible
values of a random variable. Answer the following questions:

1. How do you find the activity?

2. Were you able to complete the table? If yes, how? If no, why?
3. Will you be able to find the values of a random variable? If yes,
how? If no, why?
4. In your own words, how will you describe a random variable?
5. How do you find the possible values of a random variable?

7
 What is It

A random variable is a numerical quantity that is derived from the

outcomes of random experiments.

The random variable in the activity above is a discrete random variable

because the set of possible outcomes is countable. The possible values of
random variable Y (number of defective iPhone) are 0, 1, and 2, while the
possible values of random variable X (number of non-defective laptops)
are 0, 1, 2, and 3.

Example 1. Suppose two coins are tossed, let Z be the random variable
representing the number of heads that occur. Find the values of the
random variable Z.

Steps Solution
1. Determine the sample space. The sample space for this experiment is:
Let H represent head and T for S = {TT, TH, HH, HT}
tail.
2. Count the number of heads in
each outcome in the sample Possible Outcomes Value of the
space and assign this number Random variable Z
to this outcome. (Number of heads)
TT 0
TH 1
HH 2
HT 1

So, the possible values of the random variable Z are 0, 1, and 2.

8
 Example 2. In a box are 2 balls - one white and one yellow. Two balls are picked
one at a time with replacement. Let X be the random variable representing the
number of white balls. Find the values of the random variable X.

Steps Solution
1. Determine the sample space. Let The sample space for this experiment is:
W represent the white ball and Y S = {WW, YY, WY, YW}
for the yellow ball.
2. Count the number of white balls
in each outcome in the sample Value of the
space and assign this number to Possible random variable X
this outcome. Outcomes (Number of white
balls)
WW 2
YY 0
WY 1
YW 1

.
So, the possible values of the random variable X are 0, 1, and 2.

What’s More

Independent Activity 1. Understanding Possible Values of

Random Variables.
Answer the following questions.
1. How do you find the values of a random variable?
2. How is this variable, as described in Algebra, similar to a random
variable? How do they differ?

Independent Assessment 1
Two cards are drawn from a deck. How many possible values can each of the
following variables take?
1. sum of the numbers on the cards

2. number of times both cards are black

3. Number of times both cards are 7s

4. Number of times the first card is six and the second card is red

9
 5. Number of times the first card is face card and the second card is not
a face card

Independent Activity 2. Getting Balls from a Box

Two balls are picked in succession without replacement - 4 white balls and 5
green balls. Let Y be the random variable representing the number of green
balls. Find the values of the random variable Y. Complete the table below.

Value of Random Variable Y

Possible Outcomes (number of green balls)

Independent Assessment 2
Four coins are toss. Let Y be the random variable representing the number of
tails that occur. Find the values of the random variable Y.

Value of Random Variable Y

Possible Outcomes
(number of tails)

10
 What I Have Learned

Give your answer in the following statements.

1. A ______________________ is a set of possible values from a random

experiment. For example, in tossing a coin, we can either get head or tail,
such tossing a coin is an experiment where we can give values for such
event.

2. A ______________________ is one that may take on only a countable

number of distinct values such as 0,1,2,3,4, etc. This variable is usually
(but not necessarily) counts. It is a random variable that can take only a
finite number of distinct values.

3. To find the values of a random variable, we have to follow these steps:

first, list all ______________________ in sample space; second, find the
______________________ for each simple event; third, list the
possible values for a random variable X and identify the value for each
simple event and finally; find all simple events for which X = k, for each
possible value k.

What I Can Do

This time, it’s your turn to shine. Answer the problem below.

The households of a local community were surveyed about the number of

occupants who are working. It was found out that 25 households have
one occupant working, 18 have two occupants working, 12 have three
occupants working, and 5 have four occupants working. Let X be the
number of occupants working from a randomly selected household. What
are the possible values for the random variable?

11
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen
letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. A set of numerical values assigned to a sample space is called

A. Random sample
B. Random process
C. Random variable
D. Random experiment

2. Which of the following is a true statement?

A. Random variables can only have one value.
B. The value of a random variable could not be zero.
C. The probability of all the value of a random variable could be
zero.
D. The sum of all the probabilities in a probability distribution is
not equal to one.

3. If a coin is tossed, what are the possible values of the random

variable for the number of tails?
A. 0, 1
B. 0, 1, 2
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 0, 1, 2, 3

For numbers 4 - 9. Suppose you tossed three coins.

4. What are the sample spaces for the experiment above?

A. HHH, TTT
B. TTT, HHH, TTH, THT, HTH
C. TTT, HHH, HHT, THT, HTH
D. TTT, TTH, THT, HTT, HHT, HTH, THH, HHH

5. How many possible outcomes will occur from the experiment

above?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

12
6. What are the possible values of the random variable for the
number of heads?
A. 0, 1
B. 0, 1, 2
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 0, 1, 2, 3

7. What are the possible values of the random variable for the
number of tails?
A. 0, 1
B. 0, 1, 2
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 0, 1, 2, 3

8. Which of the following is NOT a possible value of the random

variable for the number of heads?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

9. Which of the following is NOT a possible value of the random

variable for the number of tails?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

For numbers 10 - 11. You decide to conduct a survey of families with

two children. You are interested in counting the number of boys (out
of 2 children) in each family

10. Is the above experiment “counting the number of boys (out of 2

children) in each family” a random variable?
A. Yes, it is a random variable.
B. No, it is not a random variable.
C. Maybe.
D. It cannot be determined.

13
 11. If the statement above shows a random variable, then what are
the possible values?
A. Its value can be 1 or 2.
B. Its value can be 0, 1, or 2.
C. Its value can be 2 or 4.
D. None, since it is not a random variable.

For numbers 12 - 13. Suppose two balls are drawn in succession

without replacement from an urn containing 6 blue balls and 5 red
balls.

12. How many possible outcomes will occur from the experiment?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8

13. Let Z be the random variable representing the number of blue

balls. What are the possible values of the random variable?
A. 0, 1
B. 0, 1, 2
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 0, 1, 2, 3

For numbers 14 - 15. Suppose three laptops are tested. Let D represent
the defective laptop and N for the non-defective laptop.

14. How many possible outcomes will occur from the experiment?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 8
D. 9

15. If we let X be the random variable representing the number of

non-defective laptops. What are the possible values of the
random variable?
A. 0, 1
B. 0, 1, 2
C. 1, 2, 3
D. 0, 1, 2, 3

14
 Additional Activities

Answer the following.

An umbrella - check girl returns 2 umbrellas at random to 2 customers

who had previously checked in, namely Andrea and Althea. If Andrea’s
umbrella was black and Althea’s umbrella was Yellow:
1. list the elements of the sample space, S - all possible orders in
which the umbrellas can be returned, and;

2. list all possible values of the random variable X, the number of

correct matches.

15
 16
Additional Activity
1. S = {BB, BY, YB, YY}
2. Possible values of a random variable: 0, 1, 2
What I Can Do
The possible values of the random variable are 1, 2, 3, and 4
What’s In Assessment What I Know
1. Discrete 1. C 1. B
2. Discrete 2. D 2. A
3. Continuous 3. A 3. A
4. Discrete 4. D 4. D
5. Discrete 5. D 5. C
6. D 6. B
7. D 7. B
8. D 8. D
9. D 9. A
10. A 10. A
11. B 11. B
12. B 12. A
13. S 13. D
14. D 14. D
15. B
Answer Key
 17
What's New
Value of the Random Variable X
Possible Outcomes
(number of non - defective laptops
DDD 0
NNN 3
DDN 1
NND 2
DNN 2
NDD 1
DND 1
NDN 2
Reflection:
1. Answer may vary: you may answer whether easy, average or difficult
2. Answer may vary: if your answer is yes, you probably completed the
table by following the first example. If not completed, you probably
didn’t understand the example
3. Answer may vary: if your answer is yes, you probably count the number
of N that occurred in each possible outcomes, otherwise your answer
must be no.
4. Answer may vary: A Random Variable is a numerical quantity that is
derived from the outcomes of random experiments.
5. Answer may vary:
Possible answer:
Step 1: List all simple events in sample space.
Step 2: Find probability for each simple event.
Step 3: List possible values for random variable X and identify the value
for each simple event.
Step 4: Find all simple events for which X = k, for each possible value k.
 18
What's More
Independent Activity 1
1.) Step 1: List all simple events in sample space.
Step 2: Find probability for each simple event.
Step 3: List possible values for random variable X and identify
the value for each simple event.
Step 4: Find all simple events for which X = k, for each possible value k.
2.) Similarity - they can take on assigned numerical values
Difference- a) random variables may take on assigned intervals instead
of numbers
b) each value of a random variable corresponds to a specific
probability, which is not the case in algebraic variables.
Independent Assessment 1
1. 17
2. 169
3. 12
4. 104
5. 160
Independent Activity 2
Value of Random Variable Y
Possible Outcomes
(number of green balls)
WW 0
WG 1
GW 1
GG 2
 19
What's More
Independent Assessment 2
Possible Value of Random Variable Y
Outcomes (number of tails)
HHHH 0
HHHT 1
HHTH 1
HHTT 2
HTHH 1
HTHT 2
HTTH 2
HTTT 3
THHH 1
THHT 2
THTH 2
THTT 3
TTHH 2
TTHT 3
TTTH 3
TTTT 4
References

Belencia, Rene R., Baccay, Elisa S., and Mateo, Efren B. Statistics and
Probability. Manila: Rex Book Store, Inc. (RBSI). 2016.

Melosantos, Luis Allan B., Antonio, Janice E., Robles, Susan S. and
Bruce, Ryan M. Math Connections in the Digital Age. Quezon City:
Sibs Publishing House, Inc. 2016.

http://www.stat.yale.edu/Courses/1997-98/101/ranvar.htm,
https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/random-variables.html

20
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph