Statistics and

Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 14:
Identifying the Different
Random Sampling Techniques
Statistics and Probability – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 14: Identifying the Different Random Sampling Techniques
First Edition, 2020

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 Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 14:
Identifying the Different
Random Sampling Techniques
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Identifying the Different Random Sampling
Techniques!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners in guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

ii
For the learner:

Welcome to the Statistics and Probability for Senior High School Alternative
Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Identifying the Different Random Sampling
Techniques!

The hand is one of the most symbolized parts of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action, and purpose. Through our hands, we may learn, create, and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentences/paragraphs to be filled in to
process what you learned from the lesson.

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 What I Can Do This section provides an activity that will
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real-life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends to the
retention of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain a deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

iv
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind on how you can
identify the different random sampling techniques as applied in solving real-life
situated problems. It is here to help you realize the use and importance of
selecting the appropriate type of random sampling method that can yield
significant results in your future researches. This module was written and
intended for senior high students like you who are taking Statistics and
Probability subject. Your adept at analysis will help you appreciate the richness,
and beauty of this subject which will motivate you to apply to similar situations
and develop your own statistical procedures.

The module contains only one lesson which is illustrating random sampling. It
offers relevant problems or situations which help you to understand what is
being tackled in this module. Your ability to interpret, reason – out, and make a
judgment or even decision out of statistical measures will also be practiced
here.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define terms related to random sampling;
2. illustrate random sampling; and
3. identify different random sampling techniques.

1
 What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. What do you call to the set of all people, objects, events, or ideas
researchers want to investigate?
A. data C. sample
B. population D. statistics

2. Which of the following can be considered as the best sample?

A. conveniently chosen C. selected at random
B. purposefully selected D. self-selected

3. From the given populations, which of the following sample is most

likely to be representatives of the population from which it is drawn?
A. population: senior high school students sample: grade 10 students
B. population: online shoppers sample: market vendors
C. population: users of social media sample: students
D. population: SAP beneficiaries sample: government
officials

4. Which of the following is NOT a distinguishing feature of simple

random sampling?
A. Each element in the population has an equal probability of being
selected
B. Random numbers selected to decide which elements are included as
the sample.
C. Each element has a unique identification.
D. Samples are selected based on the subjective judgment of the
researcher.

5. Which of the following is a type of random sampling method?

A. convenience C. purposive
B. non-probability D. stratified

6. Which of the following is NOT a type of random sampling method?

A. cluster C. simple
B. convenience D. systematic

2
7. A researcher was given a random list of all graduating senior high school
students. He decided to conduct a survey by asking every seventh student on
the list regarding the courses that they want to take in college. What type of
sampling technique he is planning to use?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. random D. systematic

8. You are a researcher and you wish to do a comparative study between two
hospital's success rates in fighting COVID-19. Instead of mixing patients in
the two hospitals, you simply divided your samples into two and randomly
select samples based on the hospital that an individual attended for
treatment. What type of sampling technique are you using?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. random D. systematic

9. You wish to determine the effects of implementing the COVID-19 community

quarantine in the Philippines. Among the variables, the socio-economic
status of your respondents is your primary concern. What sampling
technique would best select your sample for this study?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. purposive D. systematic

10. You go to the streets of your barangay to conduct a study on how SAP
beneficiaries spend their money during the COVID-19 community
quarantine. You ask every by-passer to participate in your research. What
type of sampling technique are you using?
A. convenience C. stratified
B. purposive D. systematic

For numbers 11-15, refer to the situation below:

The Philippine High School caters 5,000 senior high students. Mr. Manalo, the
school principal, wants to obtain information about their plans after graduation.

11. What is the target population in his study?

A. senior high students in his school
B. senior high students in his district
C. parents of senior high students in his school
D. parents of senior high students in the nation

12. Mr. Manalo writes each name of all senior high school students on small
pieces of paper. He rolls and put them in a box and then draws 500 names
as respondents in his study. What random sampling technique does he
apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

3
13. The principal creates a list of all senior high students. He decides to include
every tenth student in his samples. Which random sampling technique does
he apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

14. Mr. Manalo groups the senior high students according to their grade level
and strand. He proportionately and randomly chooses sample students from
each group. Which random sampling technique does he apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

15. The principal groups the senior high school students according to what
barangay they live. He randomly chooses 5 barangays and then includes all
the students living in the randomly chosen barangays in the sample. Which
random sampling technique does he apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

Lesson

1 Random Sampling

In research, collecting data can either be done in the entire population or the
subset of this population called sample. If a researcher opts to use sample
rather than a population, he must take considerations on the number of
samples and how these samples can be chosen out of his target population.

A population includes all of its elements from a set of data. The size of the
population is the number of observations in the population. For example, if
ABS-CBN network has 11,000 employees having the required blood type in a
certain study, then we have a population of size 11,000.

Sample consists of one or more data drawn from the population. It is a subset
or an incomplete set taken from a population of objects or observations. Taking
samples instead of the population is less time-consuming and cost-effective.
Although sampling has advantages, it can also be a source of bias and
inaccuracy.

Random Sampling is a sampling method of choosing representatives from the

population wherein every sample has an equal chance of being selected.
Accurate data can be collected using random sampling techniques.

4
 What’s In

Analyze the following scenarios then answer the questions that follow.

a. As of May 6, 2020, the Department of Health recorded 131,786 unique

individuals who got tested for the COVID-19 out of approximately
109,369,019 Filipinos.

1. Identify the population.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

2. How many elements are there in the population?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

3. Who are the samples?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

4. How many samples are selected?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

5. Did the situation illustrates random sampling? Why or why not?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________

b. Barangay Pagkakaisa has 400 family beneficiaries of the government’s Social

Amelioration Program (SAP). The Brgy. Captain decides to survey how these
recipients spend their money during community quarantine. He writes each
of the names of the beneficiaries in small pieces of paper. He rolls and put
them in a box then draws 50 names to answer the survey questionnaire.

6. Identify the population.

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________

5
7. How many elements are there in the population?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

8. Who are the samples?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

9. How many samples are selected?

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

10. Did the Brgy. Captain use random sampling in the situation? Why?
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________

POPULATION SAMPLE

Nursing
College students
students in a
certain
University

6
 What’s New

You already knew that random sampling is a method of selecting a sample from
a population in such a way that every member of the population is equally likely
to be chosen as part of the sample. Do you know that we have four ways to
randomly select our sample? Yes, we have four types of random sampling which
you will be able to define and differentiate in the following activity.

I. Match the word in column A to its definition in column B.

Column A Column B

1. Simple a. methodical procedure

2. Systematic b. having few parts; not complex

3. Stratified c. to divide or arrange into classes

4. Cluster d. a number of similar things that occur

together

II. You’ve just familiarized yourself with the keywords related to random
sampling. Now you are ready to distinguish its different types. Use your
understanding of the previous activity to identify whether the following
illustrates simple, systematic, stratified or cluster random sampling.

1. A researcher writes the name of each student on a piece of paper, mixes

the papers in a bowl, and draws 7 pieces of paper.

2. A researcher selects every 7th students from a random list.

3. A researcher tells the class to count and then selects those students who
count a multiple of 7 numbers.

4. A researcher separates the list of boys and girls, then draws 7 names by
gender.

5. A researcher surveys all students from 3 randomly selected classes out of

7 classes.

7
 What is It

Let us analyze the situations given above.

1. A researcher writes the name of each student on a piece of paper,

mixes the papers in a bowl, and draws 7 pieces of paper.

Situation 1 illustrates simple random sampling. The pieces

of paper correspond to each student as elements of the population.
All of them have an equal chance of being selected as a sample by
randomly picking 7 pieces of paper in a bowl.
2. A researcher selects every 7th students from a random list.

3. A researcher tells the class to count and then selects those

students who count a multiple of 7 numbers.

Situations 2 and 3 illustrate systematic random sampling

because samples are being selected based on the kth consistent
intervals. Selecting every 7th student on the random list of names
creates an equal chance for all of the students. The same thing
happened in selecting students who count multiple of 7 or 7, 14,
21, and so on.
4. A researcher separates the list of boys and girls, then draws 7
names by gender.

Situation 4 illustrates stratified random sampling

because the students were divided into two different strata or
groups, boys and girls. With a proportional number for each group,
samples will then be selected at random from these two groups.

5. A researcher surveys all students from 3 randomly selected classes

out of 7 classes.

Situation 5 illustrates cluster sampling since all students

are divided into clusters or classes, then 3 classes were selected at
random out of the 7 classes. All of the students of these three
classes comprised the samples of the study. Take note that each
cluster is mutually homogeneous yet internally heterogeneous.

8
There are different types of random sampling.

a. A Simple random sampling technique is the most basic random

sampling wherein each element in the population has an equal
probability of being selected. They are usually represented by a
unique identification number that is written on equal-sized and
shaped papers and then selection of samples is possible through the
lottery method. Random numbers selected to decide which elements
are included as the sample. The drawing number of paper is based
on the desired number of samples.

Simple Random Sampling

JUAN DE LA CRUZ

ANDRES KAPULE

MARIA PAYAPA

JOSEFA MABUHAY

MARCELA MABINI

Systematic Random Sampling

9
b. Systematic random sampling is a random sampling that uses a
list of all the elements in the population and then elements are
being selected based on the kth consistent intervals. To get the
kth interval, divide the population size by the sample size.

c. Stratified random sampling is a random sampling wherein the

population is divided into different strata or divisions. The
number of samples will be proportionately picked in each
stratum that is why all strata are represented in the samples.

d. Cluster sampling is a random sampling wherein population is

divided into clusters or groups and then the clusters are
randomly selected. All elements of the clusters randomly
selected are considered the samples of the study.

Stratified Random Sampling

Cluster Sampling

10
The sampling techniques that involve random selection are called probability
sampling. Likewise, simple random, systematic, and stratified and cluster
sampling are all probability sampling techniques.

There are also sampling techniques that do not involve random selection of
data. They are called non-probability sampling. An example of this is
convenience sampling wherein the researcher gathers data from nearby sources
of information exerting minimal effort. Convenience is being used by persons
giving questionnaires on the streets to ask the passers-by.

Purposive sampling is also not considered a random sampling since the

respondents are being selected based on the goal of the studies of the
researcher. If the study is about the students who are children of OFW, the
researcher will get samples who are children of OFW. This excludes other
students from being a sample.

Notes to the Teacher

The teacher may put emphasis on the importance of this
topic on the students’ future researches. A researcher must be
aware of the sampling error that he might encounter due to
improper selection of his samples. The generalization of research
findings depends on the data and how it was collected.
Remember that a researcher wants to describe the entire
population by interpreting the characteristic of his sample.
Therefore, it is very important to choose the representative
sample which has the same characteristics as the population.

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 What’s More

Independent Practice

Identify the random sampling technique used in each item.

1. You are given a list of all graduating students in your school. You decide to
survey every 10th student on the list and ask them the organization that
they belong.
2. You wish to make a comparison of the gender differences in Mathematics
performance. You divide the population into two groups, male and female,
and randomly pick respondents from each of the group.
3. You assign numbers to the members of the population and then use draw
lots to obtain your samples to answer your survey on the most popular
festivals in the country.
4. You randomly pick five out of fifteen barangays to conduct your survey in
your municipality or city about their best environment-friendly practices.
5. You write the names of each student in pieces of paper, shuffles, and then
draw eight names to answer a survey on their ethical media practices.

Independent Assessment

Analyze the given situation below and then identify the type of random sampling
methods being illustrated in each item. Write the letter of your answer in a
separate answer sheet.

Each of the 30 basketball high school teams has 12 players. The organizer
wants to have a quick survey to know the average height of the players.

1. Each team will be asked to place papers with its players’ names into a
separate fishbowl and randomly drew out five names. The five names from
each team will be combined to make up the sample. Which of the following
sampling techniques is being used in this situation?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

2. The organizer lists all the players in a sheet of paper and then assigns a
unique number for each. Sixty numbers will be picked to get the samples.
Which random sampling technique did the organizer apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

12
3. All players will be grouped according to their age and will randomly choose
players from each group to measure their height. Which random sampling
technique did he apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

4. The organizer created a list of all players, decided to survey every sixth name
on the list, and later asked those players that were selected. Which random
sampling technique did he apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

5. A team is randomly selected to answer the question prior to the study. Which
random sampling technique did he apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

What I Have Learned

Fill in the blank of word or group of words to complete the sentence to gauge
what you have learned with this module.

_____________________ is the collection of the entire objects, individuals or

data being examined in the study.

_________________________ is a part of population that is chosen as

representatives of the entire population.

__________________________is the method of getting samples.

__________________________ is a sampling method of choosing representatives

from the population wherein every sample has an equal chance of being
selected.

There are different types of random sampling.

a. _______________________is the most basic random sampling wherein each

element in the population has an equal probability of being selected. They are
usually represented by a unique identification number that is written on
equal-sized and shaped papers and then selection of samples is possible
through the lottery method. Random numbers selected to decide which
elements are included as the sample. The drawing number of paper is based
on the desired number of samples.

13
b. _______________________is a random sampling which uses a list of all the
elements in the population and then elements are being selected based on
the kth consistent intervals. To get the kth interval, divide the population size
by the sample size.

c. ________________________ is a random sampling wherein the population is

divided into different strata. Selection of samples will be proportionately
randomly picked in each stratum that is why all strata have representatives
in forming the samples.

d. ________________________ is a random sampling wherein population is divided

into clusters and then the clusters is randomly selected. All elements of the
clusters randomly selected are considered the samples of the study.

There are also sampling techniques that do not involve random selection of
data. Example of which is the _________________________ wherein the researcher
gather data from nearby sources of information exerting a minimal effort.

____________________________ is also not considered a random sampling since

the respondents are being selected based on the goal of the studies of the
researcher.

What I Can Do

Decide a specific problem that you want to study about the COVID-19
pandemic.

1. Who are your target respondents or sources of data?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

2. How are you going to obtain your data?

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

3. What sampling method would be best for your study? Why would you
select that method?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

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 4. What do you think would be the greatest description of a best sample?
Why?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

5. If you are to create your own research, will you use random sampling?
Why or why not? If yes, what kind of random sampling are you going to
use? If not, how will you obtain your samples?
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

Assessment

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. What do you call the set of all data that researchers want to investigate?
A. data C. random
B. population D. sample

2. Which of the following can be considered as the best sample?

A. conveniently chosen C. selected at random
B. purposefully selected D. self – selected

3. From the given populations, which of the following sample is most likely to
be representatives of the population from which it is drawn?
A. population: SAP beneficiaries sample: car owners
B. population: lawmakers sample: students
C. population: online shoppers sample: cellphone users
D. population: graduating students sample: grade 8 students

4. In random sampling, the sample should be_______ the population

A. as large as C. not taken from
B. different from D. representative of

5. Which of the following is NOT a type of random sampling?

A. cluster C. simple
B. purposive D. systematic

15
6. Which of the following is random sampling?
A. convenience C. purposive
B. non-probability D. stratified

7. As a researcher, you ask the people of your barangay on how they spent
their money during the community quarantine. You decided to group them
according to their socio-economic status and then proportionately and
randomly selecting samples from these groups. Which type of sampling are
you using?
A. convenience C. stratified
B. purposive D. systematic

8. As a researcher, you want to know the plans of graduating senior high

school students. You ask all by-passers to participate in your research.
Which type of sampling are you using?
A. convenience C. stratified
B. purposive D. systematic

9. You wish to examine the effects of community quarantine on your fellow

students. You decided to borrow a list from the guidance office and select
every 10th student on it. What sampling technique are you using?
A. convenience C. stratified
B. purposive D. systematic

10. You want to know the effects of the COVID-19 to the Filipino people and you
will ask the medical frontliners. Which type of sampling will you use?
A. convenience C. stratified
B. purposive D. systematic

For numbers 11-15, refer to the situation below:

A National High School has 2,000 first year high school students. Mrs. Mogol,
the school principal, wants to obtain information from these students about last
year’s lesson that has not been tackled.

11. What is the target population in her study?

A. all students in her school
B. parents of all students in her school
C. first year high school students in her school
D. parents of first year high school in her school

16
12. The principal creates a list of all first year high school students, decides to
survey every seventh student on the list. Which random sampling technique
does she apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

13. Mrs. Mogol writes each name of all first year high school students on small
pieces of paper, he then put them in a box and draws 300 names to
participate in the study. Which random sampling technique does she apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

14. The principal groups the first year high school students according to the
barangay where they live. She randomly picks a barangay and all of the
students living in that barangay answer the questionnaire. Which random
sampling technique does she apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

15. Mrs. Mogol groups the first year high school students according to their
school’s last attended. She proportionately and randomly chooses students
from each group. Which random sampling technique does she apply?
A. cluster C. stratified
B. simple D. systematic

17
 Additional Activities

In the following situation, give the target population and identify possible
samples (should be taken from the target population).
The first one is done as an example for you.

1. The opinions of the Catholic Bishops’ Conference of the Philippines (CBCP)

regarding guidelines for the Liturgical Celebration in the “New Normal”
condition.
Population: Catholic Bishops in the Philippines
Sample: Bishops in Luzon

2. A survey on the most popular TV noontime show in the Philippines

Population: ________________________________________________________________
Sample: ___________________________________________________________________

3. The study habits of public senior high school students in selected schools in
Manila.
Population: ________________________________________________________________
Sample: ___________________________________________________________________

4. The degree of satisfaction of parents about the quality of education their

children will get from online classes in Quezon Province.
Population: ________________________________________________________________
Sample: ___________________________________________________________________

5. The characteristics of the most likable teachers according to students.

Population: ________________________________________________________________
Sample: ___________________________________________________________________

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 19
Post Assessment What’s More
1. B or D Independent Practice
2. C 1. Systematic
3. C 2. Stratified
4. D 3. Simple
5. B 4. Cluster
6. D 5. Simple
7. C
8. A
Independent
9. D
Assessment
10. B
11. C 1. C
12. D 2. B
13. B 3. C
14. A 4. D
15. C 5. A
What’s New What's In Pre Assessment
I. 1. B 1. All Filipinos 1. B
2. A 2. 109,369,019 2. C
3. Tested individuals
3. C 4. 131, 786 3. C
4. D 5. No, not all Filipinos 4. D
have equal chances of 5. D
II. 1. Simple being selected 6. B
6. Beneficiaries of SAP in 7. D
2. Systematic Brgy. Pagkakaisa
3. Systematic 7. 400 families 8. C
4. Stratified 8. Randomly selected 9. C
beneficiaries 10. A
5. Cluster
9. 50 families 11. A
10. Yes, there is 12. B
randomization
13. D
wherein each
beneficiary has an 14. C
equal chance of being 15. A
selected.
Answer Key
References
Books

Belecina, Rene S., Baccay, Elisa S., and Mateo, Efren B. Statistics and
Probability. Manila: REX Book Store, 2016.

Mercado, Jesus P. and Orines, Fernando B. Next Century Mathematics Statistics

& Probability. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, 2016.

Blay, Basilia E. Elementary Statistics. Mandaluyong City: Anvil Publishing, Inc.,

2007.

Websites

"COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines." Wikipedia. May 24, 2020.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines.

"Philippines Population (LIVE)." Worldometer.

https://www.worldometers.info/world-population/philippines-population/

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