Statistic and

Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 20:
Solving Problems Involving Sampling
Distribution of the Sample Mean

CO_Q3_Statistic and Probability SHS

Module 20
Statistics and Probability
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 3 – Module 20: Solving Problems Involving Sampling Distribution of the
Sample Mean
First Edition, 2021

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 Statistics and
Probability
Quarter 3 – Module 20:
Solving Problems Involving
Sampling Distribution
of the Sample Mean
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-tests are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module or if you
need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of
the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check
your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. We trust that you
will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind on how you can solve
problems involving sampling distribution of the sample mean. This will also help you
analyze real – life situated problems statistically in terms of relevant questions for
you to better understand them. Your adept at analysis will help you appreciate the
richness, and beauty of Statistics which will motivate you to apply to similar events
and create statistical measures of your own. This module was written and intended
for senior high students like you who are taking Statistics and Probability subject.

Your patience in solving offered problems here in the module will help you improve
your computational skills as it tackles relevant culture – based situated problems.
Your ability to interpret, reason – out and make judgement or even decision out of
statistical measures will also be practiced here. The scope of this module permits it
to be used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course but the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the steps in solving problems on sampling distribution of the sample
mean; and
2. solve problems involving sampling distribution of the sample mean.

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 What I Know

Let us see how far you will go and how much you know about the topic. Let’s get
started.

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.

For numbers 1-4, refer to the problem below.

A mayor of a certain town in Quezon province procures a number of face masks

from different private distributors. He found out that the mean pore size of all
face masks is 40 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇 and standard deviation of 5 𝜇𝜇𝜇𝜇. Assume that the
distribution is normally distributed and 64 samples face masks were taken.

1. What is the mean of the sampling distribution?

A. 64
B. 40
C. 8
D. 5

2. Which of the following is the standard deviation of mean sampling

distribution?
A. 12.8
B. 1.6
C. 0.625
D. 0.078

3. The sampling distribution of 64 sample face masks falls under what kind of
distribution?
A. exponential
B. normal
C. uniform
D. straight

4. Which of the following shows the computed standard error of the mean?
A. 95
B. 8
C. 0.625
D. 0.078

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5. The population of Senior High School learners in Mapayapa Integrated
School has a mean of 54.5 and a standard deviation of 8.6. If a sample of
size 12 is taken at random from this population, which of the following
statements is correct?
A. The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is equal
to 54.5.
B. The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is less
than 54.5
C. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sampling
mean is 8.6.
D. The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the sampling
mean is 54.5.

6. Taken from the same population, which sample size will give a smaller
standard error of the mean?
A. 35
B. 18
C. 12
D. 9

7. Standard error is always non-negative.

A. true
B. false
C. maybe
D. not sure

8. Which is NOT true about the standard error?

A. The standard error is also the sampling error.
B. The standard error is the approximate standard deviation of a
statistical sample population.
C. The more data points involved in the calculations of the mean, the
smaller the standard error tends to be.
D. The standard error can include the variation between the calculated
mean of the population and one which is considered known, or
accepted as accurate.

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For numbers 9 – 12, refer to the problem below.

A certain condominium in Manila has 35 floors. Each floor has 2 elevators.

In every elevator there is a sign inside stating a limit of 16 persons and a weight
limit of 2500 pounds. The average weight of the condominium residents is 150
pounds with a standard deviation of 27 pounds. Assume that the weight
distribution is approximately normal and 16 persons from the condominium are to
be taken as samples.

9. What is the expected value of the weight distribution of the sample mean?
A. 27
B. 35
C. 150
D. 2500

10. What is the standard deviation of the weight distribution of the sample
mean?
A. 16.7
B. 14.5
C. 6.75
D. 0.06

11. Which of the following average weight of 16 sample residents will reach
the limit of an elevator’s carrying capacity of 2500 pounds?
A. 16.67
B. 156.25
C. 180.12
D. 200.05

12. What is the probability that a random sample of 16 people will exceed the
weight limit capacity of an elevator?
A. 21%
B. 17%
C. 13%
D. 14%

13. If a sample came from a given population, then the mean of the sampling
distribution of the sample must be equal to _____
A. mean of population
B. sample of population
C. variance of population
D. standard deviation of population

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14. Which of the following cases is the sample size considered large?
A. 𝑛𝑛 ≥ 30
B. 𝑛𝑛 ≥ 50
C. 𝑛𝑛 ≤ 30
D. 𝑛𝑛 ≤ 50

15. A population has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 6. What are

the mean and the standard deviation of the sampling distribution of the
mean for n = 16?
A. 𝑋𝑋� = 50, s = 25
B. 𝑋𝑋� = 50, s = 1.5
C. 𝑋𝑋� = 25, s = 6
D. 𝑋𝑋� = 25, s = 1.

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 Lesson Solving Problems Involving

1 Sampling Distribution of the

Sample Mean
The concept of the standard error of the mean is very significant, since it measures
the degree of accuracy of the sample mean as an estimate of population mean. There
is a good estimate if the standard error is small or close to zero and a poor estimate
if it is large. The value of the standard error depends mainly on the sample size n.
Specifically, as n increases, 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥̅ decreases. The most remarkable theorem in statistical
inference is the Central Limit Theorem which assures that no matter what the shape
of the population distribution is, the sampling distribution of the mean is closely
normally distributed whenever n is large. This fact holds true for sample sizes greater
than or equal to 30.

What’s In

In the previous topics, you have learned how to use the normal distribution to
calculate the probability of a random variable X at a given value. In this lesson, you
will use the sampling distribution of the mean to get the probability of the given
sample mean taken from the population.

Sampling distribution of sample mean is a frequency distribution of the mean

computed from all possible random samples of a specific size taken from a
population. The probability distribution of the sample mean is also called the
sampling distribution of the sample mean.

1. What do we mean by sampling distribution of the sample mean?

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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2. When do we use the following formulas?

𝑥𝑥−𝜇𝜇 𝑥𝑥̅ − 𝜇𝜇
a. z = , b. z = 𝜎𝜎
𝜎𝜎
√𝑛𝑛
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

3. How will you solve problems involving sampling distribution of the sample
mean with “less than”, “greater than” and “between” cases? Is the idea
applicable to a single observation (x)?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Notes to the Teacher

This module will help you teach determine the percent, chance,
or probability of a single data obtained from the population and
the probability of data about the sample mean or n observations.
Make sure that the students have a great recall on the use of the
Normal Distribution Table, likewise with finding the areas under
the normal curve. Revisiting the lessons on Central Limit Theorem
will be of great use. A step-by-step procedure on how to solve the
problems with less than, greater than, and between standardized
values can be found in this module. This will help students
answer the exercises and the post-test easily.

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 What’s New

Probable Time

The mean time it takes a group of senior high students to complete a

certain examination is 50.6 minutes. The standard deviation is 6 minutes.
Assume that the variable is normally distributed.

1. What is the probability that a randomly select senior high school

student will complete the examination in less than 48 minutes?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. If 49 randomly select senior high school students take the

examination, what is the probability that the mean time it takes the group to
complete the test will be less than 48 minutes?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. If 49 randomly select senior high school students take the

examination, what is the probability that the mean time it takes the group to
complete the test will be more than 51 minutes?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

4. If 49 randomly select senior high students take the examination, what

is the probability that the mean time it takes the group to complete the test
is between 47.8 and 53 minutes?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

5. If you are one of the select senior high school students to take the test,
how long will it take you to complete the examination?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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 6. What other factors can you give that will contribute to the length of the
examination?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

Rubric for numbers 5 and 6 questions for 3-point score.

Equivalent Points Description

Coherent content with correct use of grammar. It includes

3 points
very timely and interesting ideas.

2 points Inconsistent content with correct use of grammar.

1 point Limited ideas. Grammatical error.

0 point No answer at all.

What is It

A sampling distribution of the sample mean is a frequency distribution of the sample

mean computed from all possible random samples of a specific size n taken from a
population. The probability distribution of the sample mean is also called the
sampling distribution of the sample mean. The standard distribution of the sampling
distribution of the sample mean is also known as the standard error of the mean.

Here are the steps to solve problems involving sampling distribution of the sample
mean. (Refer to the problem in What’s New)

1. What is the probability that a randomly select senior high school student
will complete the examination in less than 48 minutes?

To answer the problem, follow the steps:

Step 1. Identify the given information:

𝜇𝜇 = 50.6
𝜎𝜎 = 6
X = 48

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 Step 2. Identify what is asked for:
P(X ˂ 48)

Step 3. Identify the formula to be used:

The problem is dealing with an individual data obtained from the

𝑋𝑋−𝜇𝜇
population so the formula to be used is z = to convert 48 to
𝜎𝜎
standard score.

Step 4. Compute for the Probability:

𝑋𝑋−𝜇𝜇
z=
𝜎𝜎
48−50.6
z =
6
z = - 0.43

Find P(X< 48) by getting the area under the normal curve.
P(X˂ 48) = P(z ˂ -0.43)
= 0.3336

Therefore, the probability that a randomly select college student will complete
the examination in less than 48 minutes is 0.3336 or 33.36%

2. If 49 randomly select senior high school students take the examination,

what is the probability that the mean time it takes the group to complete the
test will be less than 48 minutes?

Step 1: Identify the given information:

𝜇𝜇= 50.6
𝜎𝜎 = 6
𝑋𝑋�= 48
𝑛𝑛= 49

Step 2: Identify what is asked.

P(𝑋𝑋� ˂ 48)

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 Step 3: Identify the formula to be used.

The problem is dealing with data about the sample mean or n

𝑋𝑋� −𝜇𝜇
observations, so the formula to be used to standardize 48 is z = 𝜎𝜎
√𝑛𝑛
Step 4: Compute for the Probability:
𝑋𝑋�−𝜇𝜇
z= 𝜎𝜎
√𝑛𝑛
48−50.6
= 6 = - 3.03
√49
Find P(𝑋𝑋� ˂ 48) by getting the area under the normal curve.
P(𝑋𝑋� ˂ 48) = P(z ˂ -3.03)
= 0.0012

The probability that the 49 randomly select senior high school students will
complete the test in less than 48 minutes is 0.0012 or 0.12%

3. If 49 randomly select senior high school students take the examination,

what is the probability that the mean time it takes the group to complete the
test will be more than 51 minutes?

Step 1: Identify the given information:

𝜇𝜇= 50.6
𝜎𝜎 = 6
𝑋𝑋�= 51
𝑛𝑛= 49
Step 2: Identify what is asked.
P(𝑋𝑋� > 51)

Step 3: Identify the formula to be used.

The problem is dealing with data about the sample mean or n

𝑋𝑋� −𝜇𝜇
observations, so the formula to be used to standardize 51 is z = 𝜎𝜎
√𝑛𝑛

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 Step 4: Compute for the Probability:
𝑋𝑋�−𝜇𝜇
z= 𝜎𝜎
√𝑛𝑛
51−50.6
= 6
√49
= 0.47
Find P(𝑋𝑋� > 51) by getting the area under the normal curve.

P(𝑋𝑋� > 51) = P(z > 0.47)

= 1 −P(𝑧𝑧 < 0.47)
= 1 – 0.6808
= 0.3192

The probability that the 49 randomly select senior high students will complete
the test in more than 51 minutes is 0.3192 or 31.92%

4. If 49 randomly select senior high school students take the examination,

what is the probability that the mean time it takes the group to complete the
test is between 47.8 and 53 minutes?

Step 1: Identify the given information:

𝜇𝜇= 50.6
𝜎𝜎 = 6
𝑋𝑋�= 47.8 and 53, 𝑛𝑛 = 49
Step 2: Identify what is asked.

P(47.8 < 𝑋𝑋� < 53)

Step 3: Identify the formula to be used.

The problem is dealing with data about the sample mean or n

observations, so the formula to be used to standardize 47.8 and 53
𝑋𝑋� −𝜇𝜇
is z = 𝜎𝜎
√𝑛𝑛

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Step 4: Compute for the Probability:

(4.a) P( 𝑋𝑋� <47.8) (4.b) P(𝑋𝑋� < 53)

𝑋𝑋�−𝜇𝜇 𝑋𝑋� −𝜇𝜇
𝑧𝑧1 = 𝜎𝜎 𝑧𝑧2 = 𝜎𝜎
√𝑛𝑛 √𝑛𝑛
47.8−50.6 53−50.6
= 6 = 6
√49 √49
= - 3.27 = 2.8

Find P(𝑋𝑋� > 47.8) by getting the Find P(𝑥𝑥̅ < 53) by getting the
area under the normal curve. area under the normal curve
P(𝑥𝑥̅ > 47.8) = P(z > - 3.27) = 0.0005 P(𝑥𝑥̅ < 53) = P(z < 2.8) = 0.9974

To find the probability that the 49 randomly select senior high school students
will complete the test between 47.8 and 53 minutes, subtract the smaller
area from the bigger area under the normal curve.

That is 0.9974– 0.0005 =0.9969 or 99.69%

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 What’s More

Below are problems you need to ponder. Read each statement carefully and answer
the questions. Use separate sheet/s of paper for your answers.

Independent Activity 1:

My Favorite Breed!

A veterinarian studies a large population of one breed of dogs which is shih tzu.
The shih tzu’s mean length is 50 inches with standard deviation of 26 inches. If
a sample of 169 shih tzu are randomly selected, what is the chance that the
sample mean is:

a. less than 49 inches?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

b. at least 47 inches?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

c. between 46 and 48 inches?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

d. Describe your favorite pet. State at least 3 characteristics your pet

possesses.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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 Rubric for question (d) for 3-point score.

Equivalent Points Description

Coherent content with correct use of grammar. It includes
3 points
very timely and interesting ideas.
2 points Inconsistent content with correct use of grammar.
1 point Limited ideas. Grammatical error.
0 point No answer at all.

Independent Assessment 1:
Solve each of the following problems. All answers should be in two-decimal places.

IQ Level

The Intelligence Quotients (IQs) of Grade 11 students in MAKATAO NATIONAL

HIGH SCHOOL were measured and found to be normally distributed with a mean
of 98 and a standard deviation of 8.

a. If a student from the school is chosen at random, what is the probability

that his score is higher than 110?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

b. What is the probability that a random sample of 4 students will have an

average of above 110?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

c. The table below is an excerpt from the report of Patricia Anne R. San
Buenaventura, Chief Statistical Specialist, Statistical Standard Division,
Standard Office, Philippine Statistics Authority.
Based on the table below and the corresponding standard deviation, make
your own problem involving sampling distribution of the sample mean,
taking the given Statistics as 𝜇𝜇. Show the complete solution and the answer.

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*standard deviation of passing rate in licensure exam is 4.6
*standard deviation of faculty qualification with MS/MA degree/s is 5.1
*standard deviation of faculty qualification with Ph.D. degree/s is 4.8.

Rubric for rating the output:

Equivalent Points Description

The problem is constructed perfectly with complete

5 points
solution and correct answer.

The problem is constructed perfectly with complete

4 points
solution but wrong answer.

The problem is constructed perfectly with incomplete

3 points
solution and wrong answer.

The problem is not perfectly done, incomplete

2 points
solution and wrong answer.

1 point The problem is incorrect.

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Independent Activity 2

Is It Worth It?
The mean annual salary of all the front liners (nurses, medical
technologists, radiologic technologists, phlebotomists) in the
Philippines is Php 42,500. Assume that this is normally distributed
with standard deviation Php 5,600. A random sample of 25 health
workers is drawn from this population, find the probability that the
mean salary of the sample is:

a. less than Php 40,500?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

b. greater than Php 41,000?

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

c. between Php 40,400 and Php 45,000?

_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

d. As a senior high school student, Maria and her classmates initiated an

activity on how they can show their love and concern to the front liners.
They created a website called “ENCOURAGEMENT WALL” where netizens
can post their words of encouragement for the front liners.

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Find the words that will best describe our front liners in the grid below
running in one of TEN possible directions, horizontally, vertically,
diagonally or backward. Write the answers on the blank below the grid.

D E T T I M M O C P F
E N G L S H E R O R O
T I G H A D G E N O R
E B R A V E E W F A F
R R F T L K T A I C L
M A V E U L T N D T E
I M J D J M A S E I X
N A O S I O W N N V I
E N L U N F E D T E B
D S S S E L F L E S L
R E S P O N S I B L E

_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________

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Independent Assessment 2

In this part, you need to solve the problem then shade the region under the
normal curve that corresponds to the required area.

Harvest More!
Jose who lives in Zambales harvested mangoes in his plantation for
export. The average weight of the harvested fruits is 2 kilos with a
standard deviation of 0.4 kilo. Assume that the variable is normally
distributed.

a. What is the probability that a randomly selected mango will weigh less
than 1.5 kilos?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

b. A potential importer intends to take a sample of 4 mangoes and will not

place an order if the sample mean is less than 1.5 kilos. What is the
probability that the importer will not place an order?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

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Independent Assessment 3

Given the situation or problem, determine what is being asked.

a. Suppose a random sample of size n = 25 taken from a very large

population
with mean 𝜇𝜇 = 90 and a standard deviation 𝜎𝜎 = 6.4. Describe the
sampling
distribution of the mean for n = 25, in terms of its expected value and the
standard deviation.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

b. A random sample of size n = 16 was drawn from a population. If it is

known that the population has mean 𝜇𝜇 = 32 and a standard
deviation 𝜎𝜎 = 5, determine the standard error of the sampling distribution
of the mean.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

c. Find the standard error of the sampling distribution of the mean when a
random sample of size 20 is chosen from a population of size 167 having a
mean of 75 and a standard deviation of 3.9.

_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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 What I Have Learned

The formula used when dealing with an individual or single data obtained from
the population is __________________ while the formula to be used when dealing
with data about the sample mean or n observations is ________________.
The mean of the sampling distribution of the sample mean is equal to the
___________________. 𝜇𝜇𝑥𝑥̅ = 𝜇𝜇
𝜎𝜎
The ____________________ of the sampling distribution of 𝑥𝑥̅ is equal to 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥̅ = .
√𝑛𝑛

Given a normal or sampling distribution, the probability of a random variable

(X) or sample mean (𝑋𝑋�) can be calculated depending on the following cases:

Case 1. For “less than” problem,

The probability is equal to the area that corresponds to z value.

Case 2. For “greater than” problem,

The probability is equal to 1 minus the area that corresponds to z value.

Case 3. Of “between” problem,

The probability is equal to the difference of the larger and smaller area.
Remember that we do not subtract the z value to get the probability. We
only subtract the areas under the normal curve.

Notes to the Teacher

There are ways to find the corresponding area under normal
curve given a z value. There are online and offline applications
like Microsoft excel which we can use. Meanwhile, a z-table was
used in the discussion above. Tell the students that there are
two types of z-table. They should be aware when to subtract 1
or 0.5 depending on the table they used.

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 What I Can Do

Now let’s apply the knowledge you have gained in this module by answering the
problem below. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer.

Online Testing
Because of the immediate suspension of classes nationwide due to the
COVID-19 pandemic, many schools opted to give the final examination online.
The scores on a certain exam are normally distributed with a mean of 65 and a
standard deviation of 9. Find the probability of the score

a. less than 54
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

b. at least 80
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

c. The average age of the ABS CBN employees is known to be 32 years and the
standard deviation is 5 years. Find the probability that a random sample of 36
employees will have an average age of less than 30 years.
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

d. As a response to the personal, social and psychological impact of COVID-19,

Ateneo De Manila University President Fr. Jett Villarin, S.J. declared in a
memorandum, the suspension of online classes during the Enhanced Community
Quarantine measures of the government. With this memorandum, some schools
reacted positively and some the other way around.

If you are the president of a certain university, will you do the same thing? Cite
three reasons or less for your answer.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

22 CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

Module 20
 Rubric for question (c) for 3-point score.

Equivalent Points Description

Coherent content with correct use of grammar. It includes

3 points
very timely and interesting ideas.

2 points Inconsistent content with correct use of grammar.

1 point Limited ideas. Grammatical error.

0 point No answer at all.

Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the best answer in each question. Write the letter of your
choice on a separate pad paper.

For numbers 1 - 4, refer to the problem below.

Suppose that a random sample of size 64 is to be selected from a

population with a mean of 40 and a standard deviation 5.

1. What is the population mean?

A. 5
B. 25
C. 30
D. 40

2. What is the standard deviation of the sampling distribution?

A. 0.625
B. 2.10
C. 21.5
D. 22.5

3. What is the approximate probability that 𝑥𝑥̅ will be within 0.5 of the
population mean 𝜇𝜇?
A. 31.5%
B. 32.80%
C. 57.62%
D. 75.57%

23 CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

Module 20
 4. What is the approximate probability that 𝑥𝑥̅ will differ from 𝜇𝜇 by more
than 0.7?
A. 26.27%
B. 34.23%
C. 39.3%
D. 40.7%

For numbers 5 – 7, refer to the problem below.

The Grade point Average (GPA) of all students enrolled at a large university
have an approximately normal distribution with a mean of 3.05 and a standard
deviation of 0.29. Find the probability that the mean GPA of a random sample of
20 students selected from this university is:

5. less than 298?

A. 12.58%
B. 14.01%
C. 15.62%
D. 85.23%

6. greater than 3.01?

A. 19.32%
B. 22.41%
C. 55.56%
D. 73.24%

7. between 2.90 and 3.07?

A. 62.17%
B. 61.13%
C. 42.34%
D. 1.04%

8. The standard error of the mean is smaller when N = 20 than when N = 10.
A. true
B. false
C. sometimes
D. maybe

9. A normal distribution is standardized by the formula

A. nπ
B. nπ(1-π)
C. (x - µ)/ σ
D. (x - µ)/ n

24 CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

Module 20
 10. The mean of the standard normal distribution is
A. 0 B. 1 C. 100 D. 1000

For numbers 11 - 13, refer to the problem below.

Assume that women’s heights are normally distributed with a mean

given by 𝜇𝜇 = 62.3 inches and a standard deviation σ = 1.8 inches.

11. If a woman is randomly selected, find the probability that her height is
between 61.7 inches and 62.7 inches?
A. 20.75%
B. 21.64%
C. 72%
D. 86.65%

12. If a sample of 16 women is selected, what is the probability that the mean of
the sample will be larger than 63.2 inches?
A. 19.32%
B. 15.56%
C. 4.75%
D. 2.28%

13. If a sample of 16 women is selected, what is the probability that the mean of
the sample will be less than 63.2 inches?
A. 97.72%
B. 41.56%
C. 28.74%
D. 16.67%

14. Which is NOT true about the standard error?

A. The standard error is also the sampling error.
B. The standard error is the approximate standard deviation of a
statistical sample population.
C. The more data points involved in the calculations of the mean, the
smaller the standard error tends to be.
D. The standard error can include the variation between the calculated
mean of the population and one which is considered known, or
accepted as accurate.

15. The number of total carbohydrates in an order of camote fries in a native

restaurant is approximately normally distributed with a mean of 240 and
a standard deviation of 20. What is the probability that a randomly
selected order has at least 265 total carbohydrates?
A. 54.13%
B. 34.67%
C. 21.56%
D. 10.56%

25 CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

Module 20
 Additional Activities

1. The mean income of a certain government employee is Php 53,200 with a

standard deviation Php 6750. Assume that their income is normally distributed.

Find the following:

a. 𝜇𝜇 = ________

b. 𝜎𝜎 = ________

c. 𝑃𝑃(𝑥𝑥 ≥ 50,000) = _____________

d. Show the region under normal curve by shading the part that corresponds to
the required area of P(x ≥ 50,000)

e. If a random sample of 49 employees is selected, what is the probability that

the sample mean had an income of at least Php 50,000?

2. The length of time in hours it takes an “over 40” group of men to play one
basketball game is normally distributed with a mean of 2 hours and a standard
deviation of 0.5 hours. A sample of size n = 30 is drawn randomly from the
population.

Answer the following questions:

a. 𝜇𝜇 = __________, 𝜎𝜎 = ____________ and n = ___________

f. Find the probability that the sample mean is between1.8 hours and 2.1 hours
hours.

g. Shade the area under the normal curve that corresponds to the required
value.

26 CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

Module 20
 Module 20
CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS 27
Independent Assessment 3
a. The mean or expected value of the What's More
sampling distribution of the mean Independent Activity 1
is a. less than 49?
error because of x is not single,
𝜇𝜇𝑥𝑥̅ = 𝜇𝜇 = 80.
=

Data: n = 169, 𝜎𝜎𝑋𝑋� = standard

given by
𝜎𝜎 6.4
= 1.28
√𝑛𝑛 √25
The standard error is 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥̅ =
=
26
)
√169
2, 𝜇𝜇 = 50
49−50
= 1.25
5 P(𝑋𝑋� < 49) = P(z <
2
= 0.3085
√16
b. 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥̅ =
= P(z < - 0.5)
= 0.87
3.9 P(𝑋𝑋� < 49 ) = 30.85%
√20
c. 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥̅ =
b. at least 47?
)
47−50
2
P(𝑋𝑋� ≥ 47) = P(z ≥
= 0.0668
= P(z ≥ - 1.5)
= 1 – 0.0668
= 0.9332
d. P(𝑋𝑋� ≥ 47) = 93.32%
c. between 46 and 48
P(46 < 𝑋𝑋� <48)
P(𝑋𝑋� <46) = , P(z < 46),
)
P (𝑋𝑋� < 48) = P (z < 48)
46−50
= P (z< )
2
= P(z <
48−50
2
= P (z < -2)
= 0.0228
= P (z < - 1)
= 0.1587
= 0.1359
P(46 < 𝑋𝑋� <48) = 0.1587 – 0.0228
P(46 < 𝑋𝑋� <48) = 13.59%
Answer Key
 Module 20
CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS 28
Independent Assessment 1
a. probability that his score is higher than 110?
z= = = = 1.5
𝑥𝑥− 𝜇𝜇 110−98 12
From the table, the area under the curve for z = 1.5 is 0.9332,
𝜎𝜎 8 8
P(x > 110) = 1 – 0.9332 = 0.0678 = 6.78%
b. What is the chance that a random sample of 4 students
will have an average above 110?
z= �
𝑥𝑥
= = 3, from the table, z = 3 is 0.9987
𝑥𝑥̅ −𝜇𝜇 110−98
𝜎𝜎 8
√𝑛𝑛 √4
P(𝑥𝑥̅ >110) = 1 – 0.9987 = 0.0013 = .13%
Independent Activity 2
a. What is the probability that the mean salary of the
sample is
less than Php 40,500?
z= �
= = -1.79, from the table, z = -1.79 is 0.0367 = 3.67%
𝑥𝑥̅ −𝜇𝜇𝑥𝑥 40500−42500
𝜎𝜎 5600
√𝑛𝑛 √25
b. greater than Php 41,000?
z= �
= = -1.34, from the table, z = -1.34 is 0.0901, then 1- 0.0901
𝑥𝑥̅ −𝜇𝜇𝑥𝑥 41000−42500
𝜎𝜎 5600
√𝑛𝑛
= 0.9099 = 90.99%
√25
c. between Php 40,400 and Php 45,000
z= = -1.88 = 0.0301, z = = 2.23 = 0.9871
40400−42500 45000−42500
0.9871 – 0.0301 = 0.9570 = 95.70%
1120 1120
Independent Assessment 2
a. z = = - 1.25, from the table, z = -1.25 is 0.1056
1.5−2
P(z< -1.25) = 10.56%
0.4
b. z = = -2.5, from the table, z = -2.5 is 0.0062
1.5−2
0.4
= .62%
√4
 Module 20
CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS 29
Additional Activity Assessment
1. a. Php 53,200 b) Php 6,750 c) 68.08%
d) 1. D
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. B
6. D
e) Z = = = 3.32 7. B
𝑥𝑥̅ −𝜇𝜇 50,000−53,200
𝜎𝜎 6,750
1 – 0.0005 = 99.95% 8. A
√𝑛𝑛 √49
2. a) 2, 0.5, 30
9. C
b) 85%
c) 10. A
11. B
12. B
13. A
14. A
What I Can Do 15. D
X = 54
)
a) 𝜇𝜇 = 65, 𝜎𝜎 = 9,
𝑥𝑥− 𝜇𝜇
= P(z )
𝜎𝜎
P(x < 54) = P(z <
54−65
9
What I Know
1. B
= 0.1112
2. C
P(x < 54) = P(z < - 1.22)
3. B
4. C
P(x < 54) = 11.12%
5. A
approach in both cases
6. A
b) P(x ≥ 80) or P(x > 80) apply the same
) = 1.67 = 0.9525
80−65
9
7. A
P(z ≥
1 – 0.9525 = 0. 0475 8. A
9. C
10. C
11. B
P(x ≥ 80) = 4.75%
)
12. D
30−32
5
= -2.4

c) P(x< 30) = P(z <

13. A
√36
14. A
= 0.0082 = .82% 15. B
P(x < 30) = P(z < - 2.4)
References
Books
Belecina, R., Baccay, E., Mateo, E. Statistics and Probability. Manila: REX Book
Store, 2016.
Blay, B. Elementary Statistics. Pasig City: ANVIL Publishing, Inc., 2007.

Websites
The Sampling Distribution of the Sample Mean.
https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_introductory-statistics/s10-02-the-
sampling-distribution-of-t.html.

Libretexts. "7.2: The Central Limit Theorem for Sample Means (Averages)."
Statistics LibreTexts. November 10, 2019.
https://stats.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Statistics/Book:_Introd
uctory_Statistics_(OpenStax)/07:_The_Central_Limit_Theorem/7.02:_The_Cen
tral_Limit_Theorem_for_Sample_Means_(Averages).
"The Role of Probability." Central Limit Theorem.
http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPHModules/BS/BS704_Probability/BS704
_Probability12.html.

"Sample Means and the Central Limit Theorem (practice)." Khan Academy.
https://www.khanacademy.org/math/ap-statistics/sampling-distribution-
ap/sampling-distribution-mean/e/sample-means-central-limit-theorem.

30 CO_Q3_Statistics and Probability SHS

Module 20
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