Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chemistryproject 160405193119
Chemistryproject 160405193119
This is to certify that the project has been satisfactorily performed by Master
RUSHIL AGGARWAL studying in NAVY CHILDREN SCHOOL of class XII-A under the
guidance of Mr. Anit Rana during the academic year 2015-2016.
School Stamp
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my
Chemistry mentors Mr. Anit Rana and Mrs. Vishu for
their vital support guidance and encouragement without
which this project would not have come forth from my
side.
I would like to express my heartily gratitude to the lab
assistants Mrs. Sanchita , Mr. Pandurang and Mr. Vivek
for their support during the making of this project .
I would like to thank my parents and friends who have
helped me with their valuable suggestions and guidance
has been helpful in various phases of the completion of
the project.
I would like to acknowledge the Almighty God who made
all the things possible.
Index
INTRODUCTION
AIM
MATERIALS REQUIRED
PROCEDURE
OBSERVATION
ASSOCIATED REACTIONS
CONCLUSION
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
Metals and alloys undergo rusting and
corrosion. The process by which some metals
when exposed to atmospheric condition i.e.,
moist air, carbon dioxide form undesirable
compounds on the surface is known as
corrosion, The compounds formed are usually
oxides . Rusting is also a type of corrosion but
the term is restricted to iron or products made
from it .Iron is easily prone to rusting making
its surface rough. Chemically, rust is a hydrated
ferric oxide .
Barrier Protection –
In the method , a barrier film is introduced between iron surface and
atmospheric air. The film is obtained by painting, varnishing etc.
Sacrificial Protection –
The metallic iron is covered by a layer of more reactive metal such as
zinc. The active metal losses electrons in preference of iron. Thus,
protecting from rusting and corrosion.
Electrical Protection –
The metallic iron is connected with more active metals like
magnesium or zinc. The active metal has lower reduction potential
than iron and will lose electron in preference to iron,
This method is used for protecting iron articles which are in contact
with water.
Anti-Rust Solution –
To retard the corrosion of iron, certain anti-rust solutions are used .
example – alkaline phosphate and alkaline chromates.
Aim
1) At first we have to clean the surface of iron nails with the help of sand
paper.
2) After that we have to wind zinc strip around one nail, a clean copper
wire around the second & clean magnesium strip around the third nail.
Then to put all these three and a fourth nail in Petri dishes so that they
are not in contact with each other.
3) Then to fill the Petri dishes with hot agar-agar solution in such a way
that only lower half of the nails are covered with the liquids .Covered
Petri dishes for one day or so.
4) The liquids set to a gel on cooling. Two types of patches are observed
around the rusted nail, one is blue and the other pink. Blue patch is due
to the formation of potassium ferro-ferricyanide 𝑲𝑲𝑲[𝑲𝑲(𝑲𝑲)𝑲]
where pink patch is due to the formation of hydroxyl ions which turns
colourless phenolphthalein to pink.
Observation
𝑲𝑲 ⟶𝑲𝑲𝑲+ + 𝑲𝑲−
The following redox reaction also occurs in the presence of water
and is crucial to the formation of rust:
From the above equations, it is also seen that the corrosion products are
dictated by the availability of water and oxygen. With limited dissolved
oxygen, iron(II)-containing materials are favoured, including FeO and
black lodestone or magnetite(𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲𝑲). High oxygen
concentrations favour ferric materials with the nominal formulae
𝑲𝑲(𝑲𝑲)𝑲 − 𝑲𝑲𝑲/𝑲.
The nature of rust changes with time, reflecting the slow rates of the
reactions of solids.
Furthermore, these complex processes are affected by the presence of
other ions, such as 𝑲𝑲𝑲+, both of which serve as an electrolyte, and
thus accelerate rust formation, or combine with the hydroxides and
oxides of iron to precipitate a variety of Ca-Fe-O-OH species.
1. www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rust
2. www.class12guide.wordpress.com
3. www.academia.edu/Metal_Coupling
4. NCERT Chemistry Textbook for XII
5. Comprehensive (Practical Chemistry – XII)