SUBMITTED BY:

IWIN K JAMES
SUBMITTED TO:
MRS.LIZIYAMMA SOY
CENTRAL BOARD SECONDARY
EDUCATION, NEW DELHI

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA

RUBBER BOARD

KOTTAYAM
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA KOTTAYAM

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Master Iwin K James of 12th computer science in the
year 2019-20 of Kendriya Vidyalaya Rubber Board Kottayam has done this
project under my supervision and guidance.

I hereby certify that Master Iwin K James has successfully

completed this project in Physics to my expectations and as per the
guideline issued by CBSE.

INTERNAL EXAMINER

EXTERNAL EXAMINER

PRINCIPAL
Acknowledgement
I owe a great many thanks to many people who helped and supported
me during the completion of this project.

First of all, we would like to thank to Mrs. Liziyamma Soy for her
guidance throughout this project. She has taken pain to go through the
project and make necessary corrections as and when required.

I express my thanks to Mr. Joy Joseph, Principal, Kendriya Vidyalaya

Kottayam for extending his support.

I would also thank our institution and our faculty members without
whom this project would have been a distant reality. I also extend my
heartfelt gratitude to my family and well-wisher.

Last but not the least; I would like to thank GOD Almighty, without
whose invaluable support this project would not have been
materialized.
CONTENTS
SL. TOPIC
no
PAGE.NO

1. Introduction 6

2. Objective 6

3. Apparatus 7

4. Theory 7

5. Circuit diagram 7

6. Procedure 8-9

7. Observation 9

8. Conclusion 10

9. Precautions 10

10. Bibliography 11
INTRODUCTION
An LDR is a component that has a (variable) resistance that
changes with the light intensity that falls upon it. This allows
them to be used in light sensing circuits. The most common
type of LDR has a resistance that falls with an increase in the
intensity falling upon the device. LDR is also called a
photoresistor or a photoconductive cell. It can be applied in
light-sensitive detector circuits, and light-activated and dark –
activated switching circuits.
A photoresistor is made of a high resistance semiconductor.
In the dark, a photoresistor can have resistance as high as
several mega ohms, while in the light, a photoresistor.

OBJECTIVE
To study variation in current flowing in a circuit containing a
LDR because of a variation.

a) In the power of the incandescent lamp, used to ‘Illuminate’

the LDR (keeping all the lamps at a fixed position).
b) In the distance of an incandescent lamp (of fixed power), to
‘illuminate’ the LDR.
APPARATUS:
A light-dependent resistor (LDR), a battery of 6V, a source of
light (as lamps 25V, 40V, 60V, 100V, and 200V) and millimeters
(micro ammeter).

THEORY
A light-dependent resistor is a resistor whose resistance change
with the intensity of light incident on it.

It is made of cadmium sulphide.

The resistance of LDR IS 10 m(in full dark) and to about 10 m (in

photoresistor).

The resistance of LDR decreases with an increase in the

intensity of light.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
PROCEDURE:
1] Arrange the apparatus according to the electriccircuit
diagram.

2] Now set the knob of multimeter on the point marked

current.

3] Place a thick piece of black paper on the LDR, so that

no light falls on LDR. Record the current in the
multimeter.

4] Remove the black paper from the LDR.

5] Record the current in the presence of normal light in the

laboratory and determine the resistance of LDR by R=V/I.

6] Now measure the resistance LDR by placing a lamp of 25W

over it.

7] Now measure the resistance for all lamps of different Watts,

one by one.

8] Now, select any one lamp and move it towards the LDR for a
distance 10 cm and note the electric Current in the
multimeter.

9] Move the lamp towards the LDR to a distance of8 cm and

again record the current.
10] Similarly, record the current in multimeter for the
distance 6 cm, 4 cm, and 2 cm.

OBSERVATIONS
1. The emf of the battery = Volt.
2. Range of multimeter = mA.
3. L-C of millimeter = mA.
4. Zero error multimeter = mA.
5. The distance of all lamps from LDR = 6 cm.
6. Power of lamp = W (Torch is used).

SL.NO Distance between Current Resistance

source and LDR I R=V/1Ω
(cm) (mA)
1. 10 30 0.2
2. 8 40 0.15
3. 6 50 0.12
4. 4 60 0.1
5. 2 70 0.086
CONCLUSIONS
From the table, it is concluded that the electric current flowing
through a circuit containing LDR increases with a decrease in
the distance between the source of fixed power and LDR.
Hence, with the distance between the light source and LDR
increases the resistances of the LDR decreases and vice-versa.

PRECAUTIONS
1. The source of light must be adjusted so that light falls normal
on LDR.
2. Select a suitable range of current in the multimeter.
3. The source of light must radiate light continuously.
4. Connect LDR carefully to the voltage source.
5. The distance between source and LDR measured accurately.
Class XII Physics Lab Manual
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