IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol.

3, Issue 10, 2015 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613

Piping for Coolin Water Circulation Between Cooling Tower and

Condensor
Naved A. Shaikh1 V.L.Bhambere2
1
M.E Student 2Principal
1
AEC College of Engineering, Chikhli 2Anuradha Polytechnic College, Chikhli
Abstract— In thermal power plant, as we know that exhaust
steam from turbine goes to heat recovery unit and from there II. STRESS ANALYSIS
the exhaust stem goes to the condenser to condense. In shell Piping Stress analysis is a term applied to calculations,
and tube heat exchanger, cooling water as a cooling medium which address the static and dynamic loading resulting from
running inside the tubes whereas steam is inside the shell. the effects of gravity, temperature changes, internal and
So to have sufficient amount of cooling water, we require external pressures, changes in fluid flow rate and seismic
continuous flow of water from the cooling tower. Our main activity. Codes and standards establish the minimum
project aim is to provide a piping between condenser and requirements of stress analysis.
cooling tower. So in this particular project, we will make
A. Purpose of Piping Stress Analysis
basic documents such as pfd, p&id, plot plan, equipment
layout, piping ga drawing, isometrics, mto, piping Purpose of piping stress analysis is to ensure:
specifications, pump specification, calculations, and stress – Safety of piping and piping components.
analysis etc. – Safety of connected equipment and supporting
Key words: Pfd, p&id, mto structure.
Piping deflections are within the limits.
I. INTRODUCTION
A. Tower Pumping
Tower pumping does not present great difficulty in terms of
good pump application. This is because of a normally high
order of application safety factor. Troubles do occur
occasionally, however, and these troubles can be classified
as caused by:
1) Incorrect pump head estimation.
2) Pump cavitation and loss of pumping ability, as caused
by inadequate pump suction pressure.
3) Air in pump suction; as caused by tower pan vortex, pan Fig. 1: Stresses in Pipe
drain down or faulty bypass.
4) Unstable pump operational points as caused by:
III. MODES OF FAILURES
 Improper application of tower bypass controls.
 High pressure drop tower spray nozzles in There are various failure modes, which could affect a
combination with tower bypass. piping system. The piping engineers can provide protection
against some of these failure modes by performing stress
5) Inadequate maintenance procedures causing: analysis according to piping codes.
 Plugged suction strainer.
 Lack of tower treatment with consequent fouling of A. Failure by Gernral Yielding:
the condenser. Failure is due to excessive plastic deformation.
It is intended that each potential trouble source be B. Yielding At Sub Elevated Temperature:
evaluated so that the necessary design safeguards can be Body undergoes plastic deformation under slip action of
erected against operational problems. grains.
B. Open “Tower” System Pump Head Requirements C. Yielding At Elevated Temperature:
The pumping head determination procedure for the “open” After slippage, material re-crystallizes and hence yielding
tower piping loop differs from the conventional “closed” continues without increasing load. This phenomenon is
loop piping circuit used for most Hydronic (Heat-Cool) known as creep.
applications. The difference concerns consideration of
“open” loop static heads. The closed loop circuit has no D. Failure by Fracture:
need for consideration of static heads for pump selection Body fails without undergoing yielding.
because of a balance or cancellation of static heads between E. Brittle Fracture:
the supply and return risers. Static head lost by water flow to Occurs in brittle materials.
any height in the supply piping is cancelled by a static head
“regain” as water flows down the return piping. The only F. Fatigue:
pump head requirement for the “closed” loop is that due to Due to cyclic loading initially a small crack is developed
flow-friction pressure drop; static heights are not which grows after each cycle and results in sudden failure.
considered.

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 Piping for Coolin Water Circulation Between Cooling Tower and Condensor
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/074)

IV. BLOCK DIAGRAM E. Line Diagram of Piping, Shows Following:

– Operating and Design temperature
– -Operating and Design pressure
– -Insulation required-Thermal tracing
– -Hydro test pressure-Bill of material
– -Inch-dia, Inch Meter-Piping Class
– -Pipe support locations-Service of fluid
– -Points of weld, its marking -Pipe support type

Fig. 2: Piping For Cooling Tower and Condenser

Used nearly stages of process studies. Working pattern for
process put down with rectangular boxes inserting physical
or chemical operation.
Fig. 3: Isomeric Diagram
V. PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAMS Most discussions concerning tower and/or open
Process and operation apparent Shows Equipment's selected piping circuits would simply define the required pump static
to carry out the process. Only Essential instrumentation is energy head as Ho (in Figure 3); the “open” height of the
shown. Temperature, Pressure, Flow and concentration at piping circuit. This is, however, an ever-simplified
significant Points shown.Starting point for Design Engineer assumption which may or may not be true depending on
to Design whether or not a “siphon draw” is established in the down
comer return piping DE. The nature of the down comer
A. Piping & Instrumentation Diagram:- siphon draw and its limitations should be evaluated. H D A
Combination of detailed equipment Flow diagram and B C Water Level Pump Suction Side Water Will Reach This
instrumentation Diagram. Central source of information to Level Without Pump Work, “H” Cancels Condenser
design group. All important information are included Discharge Piping E Hs Hr Ho
Numbering schemes adopted for identification of equipment
& Piping. It also shows various instruments, valves etc used
in the system.
B. Plant Layout
 Space requirements to be known for products & by
products Raw material, Process equipment's.
 Schematic Flow Pattern
 Future Expansion Program
 Weather condition
 Building code requirement
 Waste disposal Fig. 3: Typical “Open” Tower Piping Circuit
 Govt rules.
VI. CONCLUSION (ANALYSIS)
C. Piping General Arrangement
With the help of PDMS (plant design management system)
– Provides Routing Of Pipe With Respect To Equipments
and CAESAR 2 software we get the better result. The
And Existing Structure.
PDMS is used for piping design and CAESAR 2 is used for
– Information Provided : stress analysis. After the piping design the stress analysis
– Equipment Location & Orientation. done.
– Lines With Line Numbers. Stress analysis is give the idea about on which
– Instrument Tag. point the stress is more it is indicate by red colour by
– Routing Of Pipe Between Euiqpments. software. To remove the stress we put the elbow and
– Location Of Existing Equipment & Interconnecting increase the support to make the system flexible.
Piping.
– Routing Of Pipe Between Equipments. VII. FUTURE ENHANCEMENT
D. Isometric Drawing The piping between cooling tower and condense is directly
 1.Three dimensional representations implement by this project and we get better result.
 2. Used for fabrication & erection
 3. Stress Analysis models

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 Piping for Coolin Water Circulation Between Cooling Tower and Condensor
(IJSRD/Vol. 3/Issue 10/2015/074)

REFERENCES
[1] “Product and Application Hand Book 2012”.
[2] GPM/Ton Condenser Water Flow Rate – Does It Save
Energy?, Kirsner Consulting Engineering, February 6,
2002
[3] GPM/Ton Condenser Water Flow Rate: Does It Waste
Energy?, Wayne Kirsner, P.E., ASHRAE Journal,
February 1998, Pages 63 through 69 Can Improving Off-
Design Chiller Performance Be as Easy as Redesigning a
Chart?,HVAC&R Engineering Update,York
International Corporation, 1999

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