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Chap2 Linear Programming PDF
Chap2 Linear Programming PDF
Managerial Mathematics
Chapter 2
Linear Programming
2 Linear Programming
• Graphing Systems of Linear
Inequalities in Two Variables
• Linear Programming Problems
• Graphical Solution
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Graphing Linear Inequalities
Ex. Graph y 2 x 1 Notice that the
line (=) is part
y 2 x 1 of the solution
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Ex 1d. Graph x 2 Ex 1e. Graph y 3
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Ex 2. Graph the solution set for x 2 y 1
the system: 3x 2 y 6
3x 2 y 6
x 2y 1
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Exercise 1
Find the graphical solution for each inequality.
a) 3x 4 y 2
b) 3 x 5 y 11
c) 2x y 6
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Linear Programming Problem
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Ex 3. A small company consisting of two carpenters
and a finisher produce and sell two types of tables:
type A and type B. The type-A table will result in a
profit of $50, and each type-B table will result in a
profit of $54. A type-A table requires 3 hours of
carpentry and 1 hour of finishing. A type-B table
requires 2 hours of carpentry and 1 hour of finishing.
Each day there are 16 hours available for carpentry
and 8 hours available for finishing. How many
tables of each type should be made each day to
maximize profit?
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Organize the Information:
Table A Table B Time
Carpentry 3 2 16 hours
Finishing 1 1 8 hours
Profit/table $50 $54
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The constraints are given by:
Carpentry 3x 2 y 16
Finishing x y 8
Also so that the number of units is not less than 0:
x 0, y 0
So we have:
Maximize P 50 x 54 y
Subject to: 3x 2 y 16
x y 8
x 0, y 0
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Exercise 2
ABC mining company operates two mines for the
purpose of extracting gold and silver. The Saddle mine
costs $14,000/day to operate, and it yields 50 oz of gold
and 3000 oz of silver each day. The Horseshoe mine
costs $16,000/day to operate, and it yields 75 oz of gold
and 1000 oz of silver per day. Company management
set a target of at least 650 oz of gold and 18000 oz of
silver. If the company wants to minimize cost, formula
an LP model for this problem. Do not solve the LP
problem.
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Graphical solution of LP
• If a linear programming problem has a
solution, then it must occur at a vertex, or
corner point, of the feasible set associated with
the problem.
• If the objective function is optimized at two
adjacent vertices of the feasible set, then it is
optimized at every point on the line segment
joining these vertices (hence infinitely many
solutions).
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Existence of a Solution
Suppose we are given a linear programming problem
with a feasible set S and an objective function
P = ax + by.
a. If S is bounded, then P has both a maximum and minimum
value on S.
b. If S is unbounded and both a and b are nonnegative, then P
has a minimum value on S provided that the constraints
defining S include inequalities x 0 and y 0.
c. If S is the empty set, then there is no solution.
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The Method of Corners
1. Graph the feasible set.
2. Find the coordinates of all corner points (vertices) of
the feasible set.
3. Evaluate the objective function at each corner point.
4. Find the maximum (minimum). If there is only one,
it is unique. If two adjacent vertices share this value,
there are infinitely many solutions given by the points
on the line segment connecting these vertices.
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Example 4
Maximize P = 4x + 5y
Subject to 3 x 5 y 20 Optimal solution (if it exists)
will occur at a corner point
x y 6
x 0, y 0 Check Vertices:
The maximum is 25 at
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Ex 5. Minimize C = 10x + 11y
Subject to 20 x 10 y 300
15 x 15 y 300
10 x 20 y 250
x 0, y 0
Check Vertices:
(0,30) : C 330
Feasible set (10,10) : C 210
(15,5) : C 205
(25, 0) : C 250
Unbounded
Feasible set
No Maximum
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Ex 7. Unfeasible Problem
Maximize P = 10x + 11y
Subject to 3 x 4 y 1
2x y 4
x 0, y 0
No Feasible set – No
overlap
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Exercise 2a:
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Exercise 2b:
Maximize P 50 x 54 y
Subject to 3 x 2 y 16
x y 8
x 0, y 0
Ans: To maximize profit, the company should produce 8
units of type B tables only.
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Exercise 2c:
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