AKASH

( THE FIRST INDIGENOUS SURFACE TO AIR WEAPON SYSTEM TO BE

DESIGNED AND DEVELOPED BY DRDO, TRANSFERRED THE TECHNOLOGY
TO INDIAN INDUSTRY AND INDUCTED IN TO INDIAN AIR FORCE AND
INDIAN ARMY)

1. SALIENT FEATURES :

AUTOMATED AIR DEFENCE FUNCTIONS

SIMULTANEOUS MULTIPLE TARGET ENGAGEMENT

GROUP / AUTONOMOUS MODE OPERATION

HIGH AVERAGE VELOCITY RAMJET MISSILE

SECURED RADIO COMMUNICATION

AUTOMATIC CHECKOUT & LAUNCH

READY TO FIRE MISSILE

HIGH SSKP / COST

HIGH PERFORMANCE WARHEAD

CUSTOM CONFIGURED & INDUCTED IN INDIAN AIR FORCE AND

INDIAN ARMY

EXTENSIVELY TESTED AND VALIDATED BY USERS

2. CREDENTIALS OF AKASH :

FIRST SURFACE TO AIR WEAPON SYSTEM TO BE DESIGNED,

DEVELOPED, PRODUCED AND INDUCTED IN BOTH IAF AND
INDIAN ARMY FOR THE FIRST TIME INDIA

INTERNATIONALLY COMPEATABLE IN PERFORMANCE AND

COST EFFECTIVE SURFACE TO AIR WEAPON SYSTEM

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FIRST WEAPON SYSTEM TO INTERCEPT FAST MOVING VERY
LOW ALTITUDE AND NEAR BOUNDARY UAVs

FIRST INDIGENOUS WEAPON SYSTEM DEVELOPED BY DRDO TO

GET PRODUCTION ORDERS WORTH MORE THAN Rs 25,000 Cr.

ABOUT 95% OF ITEMS ARE MADE IN INDIA

MORE THAN 265 INDIAN INDUSTRIES AND ABOUT 20,000

PEOPLE ARE BUSY IN CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION & INDUCTION
OF SYSTEMS

MORE THAN 80% ITEMS ARE MADE IN PRIVATE INDUSTRIES

WEAPON SYSTEM COST IS ATLEAST ABOUT 45% OF

EQUIVALENT IMPORTED SYSTEMS

REPLACES SINGLE TARGET HANDLING IMPORTED SYSTEMS

AND SAVED NEARLY Rs 60,000 Cr WORTH FOREIGN EXCHANGE
TO THE COUNTRY

NEARLY 60% OF PRODUCTION ORDERS ARE ALREADY

DELIVERED TO USERS

SUCCESSFULLY DEMONSTRATED THE INTEGRATED FUNCTIONS

OF DRDO, DDP, USERS, INSPECTION AGENCIES, INDUSTRY
PARTNERS

LIFTED UP THE USER CONFIDENCE IN INDIAN PRODUCTS /

SYSTEMS DEVELOPED BY DRDO

HELPED INDIAN INDUSTRIES TO REACH FROM COMMERCIAL

GRADE TO AEROSPACE CAPABILITY. SOME OF THESE
INDUSTRIES ARE ALSO EXPORTING SYSTEMS TO ADVANCED
COUNTRIES

CAPABILITY TO RE-ENGINEER THE WEAPON SYSTEM ELEMENTS

TO SUIT CUSTOMER NEEDS

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FIRST TIME SUCH A MEGA PROJECT COULD BE CONFIGURED,
ENGINEERED, PRODUCED AND DELIVERED TO INDIAN DEFENCE
FORCES IN LESS THAN 4 YEARS INCLUDING VALIDATION
TESTING

3. Technologies / Systems developed FOR AKASH :

1. Integral Ram Rocket Propulsion System

2. Multifunction Phased Array Radar System
3. Multi beam 3D Surveillance Radar System
4. C4I System hardware and software for Air Defence application
5. X-band radar to missile jam proof command link
6. Dual control digital autopilot & PN guidance
7. Digitally coded Radio Proximity Fuze in Ku band
8. Electrical Servo System for launcher application
9. Frequency hopping communication system for ranges up to 30
Km
10. Compact digital onboard processor
11 Switchable antenna system
12 Built in ECCM features for jam proof guidance
13 Digital coded guidance schemes for multiple missile tracking
14 End game techniques for maximizing effectiveness of kill
15 Multi Radar Tracking and fusion of tracks
16 Pre-fragmented warhead with high explosives for better density
of kill
17 Power supply systems to deliver power at both high and low
frequencies
18 Integrated Mathematical models representing the functionality of
weapon system and its elements
19 Digital signal processing techniques to increase the flexibility of
changes
20 Software Algorithms for automatic controlling of weapon system
21 Simulators and training aids to demonstrate capability of system

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4.0 Configuration of Akash Mi
Missile System - Indian Air Force:

AKASH AIR DEFENCE SYSTEM – AIR FORCE

Launcher
Launcher Launcher
AREA TO BE
DEFENDED Launcher
Guidance
Radar Control Control Guidance
Centre Centre Radar
Launcher Launcher
Launcher Launcher

FIRING UNIT – 1 FIRING UNIT – 2

(FU-1) (FU-2)
2)

Command
Center

Surveillance SQUADRON HQrs

Radar
TECHNICAL UNIT (TU)

5.0 Configuration of Akash Missile System - Indian Army :

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6.0 WEAPON SYSTEM ELEMENTS :

MULTI FUNCTION PHASED ARRAY RADAR

MULTIPLE TARGET
SEARCH, DETECTION, TRACK

MULTIPLE MISSILE SEARCH &
TRACK, GUIDANCE

IFF

DIGITAL BEAM SCANNING

PHASED ARRAY TECHNOLOGY

DIGITAL COMMAND GUIDANCE

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

MONOPULSE

SLEWABLE

PHASE CONTROL MODULE

PHASED ARRAY ANTENNA INTEGRATION

AKASH MISSILE LAUNCHERS

ROLE

TO CARRY , ORIENT AND LAUNCH
THREE AKASH MISSILES

TO PERFORM AUTO LAUNCH CHECKS

FEATURES

E. M. SERVO DRIVE CONTROL WITH
BACK UP

E M. OUTRIGGERS

BUILT IN POWER SUPPLY

LOCAL & REMOTE

REQUIRED TRACKING AND SLEWING
RATES

RAIL AND ROAD TRANSPORTABLE

SELF TEST, FAULT INDICATION

MISSILE SIMULATORS

SECURING THE MISSILES IN
TRANSPORT OPERATION CONDITIONS

AZ 360 DEG & EL UPTO 60 DEG

MODULAR DETACHABLE

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3D SURVEILLANCE RADARS :

AKASH MISSILE FEATURES

FUNCTIONAL :
 SOLID INTEGRAL RAM ROCKET
PROPULSION SYSTEM
 CODED COMMAND GUIDANCE SYSTEM
 16 DIGITALLY SETTABLE
FREQUENCIES
 DIGITAL ONBOARD PROCESSOR
 LONG SHELF LIFE THERMAL POWER
SOURCE
 HIGH PERFORMANCE PRE-FRAGMENTED
PHYSICAL : WARHEAD
 DIAMETER : 350 mm  DIGITAL RADIO PROXIMITY FUZE
 LENGTH : 5820 mm  SWITCHABLE GUIDANCE ANTENNAE
 WEIGHT OF MISSILE : 710 kgs  SAFETY ARMING MECHANISM
 AUTOMATIC CHECKOUT AND LAUNCH
 AUTOMATIC ABORT SYSTEM

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VARIENTS EVOLVED DURING DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION :

AKASH WEAPON CONTROL RADAR EVOLUTION

BLR –I BLR – II BLR – III FLR TLR

1995 2000 2007 2010 2013

DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTION
 BMP – I  BMP – II  T-72  TRAILER  TATRA
 Static Array  Slewing  Power PC  PSP  Transmitter
 First capability based  MPM with better
generation  32 bit Computer  FO based duty cycle
processor – processors  Analog Ethernet  IFF MK-XII
16 bit  Indigenous Display  Radar Scan  Power PC
processor PCMs  Improved Converter based PSP
 IFF Mk-X Command  IFF Mk-XI  Dual core
transmitter processor
 Indigenous based
PCMs computer

LAUNCHER EVOLUTION

ASPL- I ASPL – II ASPL- III AAFL AAL

1991 1996 2007 2005 2013

 BMP – I BMP – II  T-72 •TRAILER  TATRA

 BUILT IN GT BUILT IN GT  BUILT IN GT •OUTRIGGERS BUILT IN DG
SET SET GENSET • BUILT IN DG SET
SET
DEVELOPMENT PRODUCTION

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7.0 Production Methodology adopted :

SCHEME FOR PRODUCTION OF AKASH MISSILE SYSTEM

USERS LEAD PRODUCTION AGENCY (BEL (B) / BDL) DRDO FOR

(Army & FOR PRODUCT DELIVERY & LIFE CYCLE TECH SUPPORT
Airforce) SUPPORT
QA agency -
MSQAA

RADARS AND GROUND MISSILES

LAUNCHERS
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT & SUPPORT EQUIPMENT
M/S BHARAT ELECTRONICS LTD
M/S BHARAT DYNAMICS M/S TATA POWER
• 3D Central Acquisition Radar LTD (SED), M/S L&T
• Troop Level Radar / FLR • Missile
• Troop Control Center / FCC • Mobile station for • Akash Air Force
• Command Control Center / SCC Missile check out Launcher
• Troop Eqpt & Maint. Vehicles • Missile Container • Akash Army
• Tactical Satellite Terminal • Ground support Launchers
systems

AKASH PRODUCTION - STAKE HOLDERS - WORK SHARE

 Clarifications to Users
USERs
 Flight trials (IAF / IA)
 Prodn. • Delivery of AMS
orders • Product support
 Design related issues • Training / User Docs.

DRDL  ToT Documents, Drgs

LRDE DRDL  Qualification testg.

R&DE Project  WS integration testing LEAD PSUs
 Infrastructure planning (BEL / BDL)

VRDE AKASH  S/W Dev. / inputs / testg.

HEMRL

ARDE

ASL MSQAA

RCI  SDRCs, WBs
 QA proced.
 QA /QC work share

ITR  MQAP / QAP Docs.
 I - noting

CFEES  QTPs / ATPs
 Addl Vendor Qualfn.  critical stage insp..

ADE

TBRL  SO / QAP vetting

CARE INDUSTRY
PARTNERS
 Addl sub-Vendor Dev.  Quality,
 Rate of production
 supply chain mgt.

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8.0 VALIDATION FLIGHT TRIALS ON DELIVERABLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS:

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9.0 ACHIEVEMENT

DRDO’S ACHIEVEMENT

DESIGNED, DEVELOPED, PRODUCED, TESTED AND INDUCTED

AKASH SURFACE TO AIR WEAPON SYSTEM IN BOTH ARMY AND
AIR FORCE FOR THE FIRST TIME IN THE COUNTRY

EVOLVED METHODOLOGIES & SCHEMES FOR CONTINUOUS

PRODUCTION, TESTING, ACCEPTANCE AND INDUCTION

BUILT THE TEAMS & INFRASTRUCTURE ACROSS PUBLIC AND

PRIVATE INDUSTRY

DETAILS PROVIDED BY : G CHANDRAMOULI, OS & PD AKASH for DRDO WEBSITE

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