VALUE EDUCATION Q & A

PART A

1. What is Value Education?

Values’ education is a term used to name several things, and there is much academic controversy surrounding it.
Some regard it as all aspects of the process by which teachers (and other adults) transmit values to pupils. There are
two main approaches to values education. Some see it as inculcating or transmitting a set of values which often
come from societal or religious rules or cultural ethics.

2. Define Culture?
Culture is the characteristics and knowledge of a particular group of people, defined by everything from language,
religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts
These arts, beliefs, and other products considered with respect to a particularsubject or mode of expression: musical
culture; oral culture.The set of predominating attitudes and behavior that characterize a group ororganization: a man
ager who changed the corporate culture.. Mental refinement and sophisticated taste resulting from the appreciation
of the arts andsciences: a woman of great culture.Special training and development: voice culture for singers and ac
tors.. The cultivation of soil; tillage: the culture of the soil.. The breeding or cultivation of animals or plants for food,
the improvement of stock, orother purposes.

3. What is Ecology?

Ecology is the scientific study of interactions of organisms with one another and with the physical and chemical
environment. Although it includes the study of environmental problems such as pollution, the science of ecology
mainly involves research on the natural world from many viewpoints, using many techniques. Modern ecology
relies heavily on experiments, both in laboratory and in field settings. These techniques have proved useful in
testing ecological theories, and in arriving at practical decisions concerning the management of natural
resources.An understanding of ecology is essential for the survival of the human species. Our populations are
increasing rapidly, all around the world, and we are in grave danger of outstripping the earth’s ability to supply the
resources that we need for our long-term survival. Furthermore, social, economic and political factors often
influence the short-term distribution of resources needed by a specific human population. An understanding of
ecological principles can help us understand the global and regional consequences of competition among humans
for the scarce natural resources that support us.

4. What do u mean by female infanticide ?

Female infanticide is a deliberate and intentional act of killing a female child within one year of its birth
either directly by using poisonous organic and inorganic chemicals or indirectly by deliberate neglect to
feed the infant by either one of the parents or other family members. On the other hand female feticide is
the termination of the life of a foetus within the womb on the grounds that its sex is female and is also
known as sex selective abortion.Female foeticide, another heinous evil propelling in our society is the
conjunction of two ethical evils: abortion and gender bias. In this the girl children become target of
attack even before they are born. The practice of female foeticide is based on the sex determination by
testing the amniotic fluid while the woman is pregnant. Such tests are banned in India but they are secretly
and unethically carried out by some medical professionals. If the foetus is a female it is more often than not
aborted.

5. What is morality?
The simplest answer is that morality is the human attempt to define what is right and wrong about our
actions and thoughts, and what is good and bad about our being who we are. But that's not really all that
simple, is it? Philosophers have been attempting to provide answers to this question for thousands of years!
Perhaps if we stand upon their shoulders and look at this question we can find some answers that will be
meaningful for us.
 6. What is Creativity?
Creativity has nothing to do with any activity in particular – with painting, poetry, dancing, singing. It has
nothing to do with anything in particular.Anything can be creative – you bring that quality to the activity.
Activity itself is neither creative nor uncreative. You can paint in an uncreative way. You can sing in an
uncreative way. You can clean the floor in a creative way. You can cook in a creative way. "Creativity is
the quality that you bring to the activity you are doing. It is an attitude, an inner approach – how you look
at things.So the first thing to be remembered: don't confine creativity to anything in particular. A man is
creative – and if he is creative, whatsoever he does, even if he walks, you can see in his walking there is
creativity. Even if he sits silently and does nothing, even non-doing will be a creative act. Buddha sitting
under the Bodhi Tree doing nothing isthe greatest creator the world has ever known. Once you understand
it – that it is you, the person, who is creative or uncreative – then this problem disappears.

7. What is the Key steps of Innovation?

Conduct an analysis of the market environment, your customers wants and needs and competitors. Be open to new
ideas and adaptive to change.
Develop a strategic, responsive plan, which includes innovation as a key business process across the entire business.
Leadership in innovation - train and empower employees to think innovatively from the top down. Inspirational
leadership and motivation is what drives innovation in business.
Connect with customers and employees to generate ideas for improving processes, products and services both
internally and externally.
Seek advice. Utilise available resources, business advisors, grants and assistance to drive innovation in your
business. This may include seeking Intellectual Property (IP) protection for commercialisation of ideas.
Remember, innovation is the key to competitive advantage for your business.

8. What is Terrorism?
Terrorism is actually defined as the use of violence to achieve a political goal. Yes violence is there;
striking terror is there, but for what reason? It is either to establish a government or to destroy one, or to
establish a state, or to create one, or to destroy a state. Now, when you have a political party, which adopts
a way of striking terror either by kidnapping, sexual assault, bombing, striking or any form in order to
intimidate the government to succumb to their demands, they are terrorists. I thought before the riot in
September 11, 2001, terrorism used to be confined to its real meaning, as a means of achieving a political
goal by a group. And it was used to refer to some specifically political entities or political organizations,
that used violence in other to achieve their aims, except perhaps the misuse of the word by the Israelis, who
actually happen to form a state through terrorism, and in fact one might say on the map of the world today,
the only state created by terrorism is Israel.

9. Define Honesty?
Honesty is speaking the truth. Lying is not honest (also called dishonest) because you are saying something that
isn'ttrue.

Examples of this form of honesty include:

 Honesty means you don't say things about people that aren't true. You are not being honest if you make up
rumors about someone.
 Being honest means you admit to your actions, even if you'll get in trouble. You are not being honest if
deny you did something wrong when you really did it.
 Honesty means you explain how a situation really happened. You are not being honest if you say
something happened one way when it really happened another way.

10. Define Correption?

Corruption is the misuse of public power (by elected politician or appointed civil servant) for private
gain.In order to ensure that not ony public corruption but also private corruption between individuals and
businesses could be covered by the same.
 Corruption is the misuse of entrusted power (by heritage, education, marriage, election, appointment or
whatever else) for private gain.Major corruption comes close whenever major events involving large sums
of money, multiple ‘players’, or huge quantities of products (think of food and pharmaceuticals) often in
disaster situations, are at stake. Preferably, corruption flourishes in situations involving high technology (no
one understands the real quality and value of products), or in situtions that are chaotic. Think of civil war:
who is responsible and who is the rebel? Natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, droughts. The global
community reacts quickly but local government might be disorganised and disoriented. Who maintains law
and order? Or maybe the purchase of a technologically far advanced aircraft, while only a few can
understand the technologies implied in development and production of such a plane.

PART B

11. What is the power of positive thinking and state its benefits.

According to psychology our mind controls our body. You can tap this capability by following a few simple steps.
Each person is capable of programming their own mind to achieve what they desire. By learning to direct your
thinking, you can change the way you behave and achieve a positive mindset. With a positive mindset, you always
expect more joy, happiness, better health, greater success which also helps you reduce your stress levels.
Basically, whatever your mind thinks and believes is what you expect. Anticipate positive situations and you'll get
positive outcomes. So, taking charge of your mind becomes a vital factor in keeping your body healthy. You can
do this through affirmations and by consciously relaxing your mind through meditation.The power of positive
thinking helps us cope more easily with the daily affairs of life, see the opportunities all around us, and gives us
the courage to take action when the moments of truth arise. There is no greater joy than a healthy, positive life.
You feel exhilarated, energetic, happy and on top of the world.

Here are 10 simple things you can do to jump-start positive thinking:

1. Smile and Laugh - It has been scientifically proven that smiling can improve your overall mood and outlook in
life. Laughter is the best medicine and they aren't lying. Join a Yoga laughter club for group support for laughing
and Meditation practice for calming the Mind, Body and the Soul.

2. Help others unselfishly - Focus on helping others by donating your time, wisdom, and money.

3. Eliminate your ego - Human ego is a dangerous thing since it makes people criticize and judge others.

4. Gratitude - Being grateful improves your chances of becoming more happy and content in your life. By being
thankful for what you have, you will achieve true happiness.

5. Set goals - Set your goals daily on a piece of paper and plan out your priorities from the top to bottom. Having
goals will provide the drive and motivation you need to become happy and successful in life.

6. Train your mind to focus on more positive thoughts - Replace negative with a positive thoughts and also take
positive action.

7. Surround yourself with positive people - Hang out with people who have a positive attitude and outlook on life.

8. Be persistent and find the positive in all situations - Make positive thinking a daily habit and way of life.

9. Work Out & Eat Right - Eating healthy and working out will keep you in a great state of being and help
maintain an active mind. Go for a long walk, run, or go to the gym. Also include Yoga, Meditation and Pranayam
in your daily routine.
 10. Listen to your favorite music.

14. Difference between culture and civilization?

Culture Civilization
Civilization includes all those things by means
of which some other objective is attained. Type
Culture includes religion, art philosophy,
writers, motors, etc. come under this category.
literature, music, dance, etc. which brings
Civilization consists of technology or the
satisfaction and pleasure to many. It is the
authority of man over natural phenomenon as
expression of final aspects of life.
well as social technology which control man's
behavior.
Culture is what we are. Civilization is what we have.
Civilization has a precised standard of
Culture has no standard of measurement measurement. The universal standard of
because it is an end in itself. civilization is utility because civilization is a
means.
Culture cannot be said to be advancing. It Civilization is always advancing. The various
cannot be asserted that the art, literature, constituents of civilizations namely machines,
thoughts are ideals of today's and superior to means of transportation, communication, etc.
those of past. are constantly progressive.
Civilization is external and a means. It is the
Culture is internal and an end. It is ralated to
means for the expression and manifestation of
internal thoughts, feelings, ideals, values, etc. It
the grandness, it is like the body of an
is like the soul of an individual.
individual.

15. Explain about human right and slavery?

Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of gender, nationality, place of residency, sex,
ethnicity, religion, color or and other categorization. Thus, human rights are non-discriminatory, meaning that all
human beings are entitled to them and cannot be excluded from them. Of course, while all human beings are entitled
to human rights, not all human beings experience them equally throughout the world. Many governments and
individuals ignore human rights and grossly exploit other human beings.
There are a variety of human rights, including:
 Civil rights (such as the rights to life, liberty and security),
 Political rights (like rights to the protection of the law and equality before the law),
 Economic rights (including rights to work, to own property and to receive equal pay),
 Social rights (like rights to education and consenting marriages),
 Cultural rights (including the right to freely participate in their cultural community), and
 Collective rights (like the right to self-determination).
Slavery is a Violation of Human Rights
Slavery, forced labor and human trafficking are violations of human rights because these acts strip human beings of
their inherent rights. Slavers and human traffickers grossly violate human rights since they claim ownership, labor
and/or the humanity of another human being. The human rights most relevant to trafficking are:
 The prohibition of discrimination on the basis of race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion,
national or social origin, property, birth, or other status;
 The right to life;

16. What is the different type of Terror Acts?

Different types of terrorism have been defined by lawmakers, security professionals and scholars. Types differ
according to what kind of attack agents an attacker uses (biological, for example) or by what they are trying to
defend (as in ecoterrorism). Here, a comprehensive list of types of terrorism, with links to more information,
examples and definitions.
Types of Terrorism
Researchers in the United States began to distinguish different types of terrorism in the 1970s, following a decade in
which both domestic and international groups flourished. By that point, modern groups had began to use techniques
such as hijacking, bombing, diplomatic kidnapping and assassination to assert their demands and, for the first time,
they appeared as real threats to Western democracies, in the view of politicians, law makers, law enforcement and
researchers. They began to distinguish different types of terrorism as part of the larger effort to understand how to
counter and deter it.

17.What do you mean by Environmental Conservation?

Environmental conservation" is the broad term for anything that furthers the goal of making life more sustainable
for the planet. Ultimately, people want to help the planet survive naturally and with no negative impact from the
human race. Helping keep the planet safe and healthy is called "conservation."

Environmental conservation comes in many different types because it is a topic with a lot of areas to cover. There
are interest and effort groups formed around each topic to help break it down and make it more manageable. For
instance, there are groups that help clean up the oceans, replant trees to build up the forests, stop harmful
deforestation and land development, and educate children and adults about how to take care of the environment.

Environmental conservation includes taking care of the air and the earth's atmosphere, animal and plant life, humans
and cultural development, and the planet's water. It shares a lot of interests with human rights, because keeping
underprivileged populations healthy and thriving has a lot to do with preserving the earth. Conservation can be as
little as planting a tree and maintaining it or as big as saving a species of whales. The main idea is that any progress
is good progress, no matter the size.

18. List the Aim of Education.

In the history of philosophy generally, one notices progress in ideas and their practical application when the
questions are rephrased. With persistence in posing the 'wrong' question one cannot arrive at a suitable answer which
is practically applicable. In the philosophy of education, the question which is always discussed is the following:
"What is the aim of education?" as "what should students known in the future?" as defined in terms of their need to
apply what they learn to an understanding of themselves and their world. he question itself involves speculation and
so does not lead to practical solutions to the problem of setting rational goals. The speculative nature of the
educational aims debate accounts for the confusion about the priorities of education. To avoid confusion and
meaningless discussion, any question about education has to be raised in a specific context. For example, what is the
aim of education in terms of political ideology and specifically 'what is the aim of education for citizens of a
democracy?' or 'what education is best for democracy?' or 'what is best for society?' In this sense 'the society' is
perceived as an entity separate from the individuals who make it up. A dichotomy is perceived between individual
and society when in fact no dichotomy actually exists. In dealing with problems of society and education, the
tendency is to deal with outer structures and forms. But the sructures and forms are created by individuals and
depend on their levels of consciousness. The formulation of 'aims of education' within the context of what is 'good
for the society'... what 'society' needs most... is bound to be misleading when the level of perception gives rise to the
so-called dichotomy society/individual. Any attempts to formulate educational aims for 'the society' without
consideration of the needs of those who make up the society, will ultimately fail. Education for the 'needs' of the
society or 'task-oriented education' inhibits intellectual and emotional growth and results in lack of creative
intelligence, lack of of vision and lack of wisdom.
 PART C

19. Explain the ten different stages of mind.

1. Prebirth: Potential – The child who has not yet been born could become anything – a Michaelangelo, a
Shakespeare, a Martin Luther King – and thus holds for all of humanity the principle of what we all may
yet become in our lives.
2. Birth: Hope – When a child is born, it instills in its parents and other caregivers a sense of optimism; a
sense that this new life may bring something new and special into the world. Hence, the newborn
represents the sense of hope that we all nourish inside of ourselves to make the world a better place.
3. Infancy (Ages 0-3): Vitality – The infant is a vibrant and seemingly unlimited source of energy. Babies
thus represent the inner dynamo of humanity, ever fueling the fires of the human life cycle with new
channels of psychic power.
4. Early Childhood (Ages 3-6): Playfulness – When young children play, they recreate the world anew.
They take what is and combine it with the what is possible to fashion events that have never been seen
before in the history of the world. As such, they embody the principle of innovation and transformation
that underlies every single creative act that has occurred in the course of civilization.
5. Middle Childhood (Ages 6-8): Imagination – In middle childhoood, the sense of an inner subjective self
develops for the first time, and this self is alive with images taken in from the outer world, and brought up
from the depths of the unconscious. This imagination serves as a source of creative inspiration in later life
for artists, writers, scientists, and anyone else who finds their days and nights enriched for having nurtured
a deep inner life.
6. Late Childhood (Ages 9-11): Ingenuity – Older children have acquired a wide range of social and
technical skills that enable them to come up with marvelous strategies and inventive solutions for dealing
with the increasing pressures that society places on them. This principle of ingenuity lives on in that part of
ourselves that ever seeks new ways to solve practical problems and cope with everyday responsibilities.
7. Adolescence (Ages 12-20): Passion - The biological event of puberty unleashes a powerful set of changes
in the adolescent body that reflect themselves in a teenager’s sexual, emotional, cultural, and/or spiritual
passion. Adolescence passion thus represents a significant touchstone for anyone who is seeking to
reconnect with their deepest inner zeal for life.
8. Early Adulthood (Ages 20-35): Enterprise – It takes enterprise for young adults to accomplish their
many responsibilities, including finding a home and mate, establishing a family or circle of friends, and/or
getting a good job. This principle of enterprise thus serves us at any stage of life when we need to go out
into the world and make our mark.
9. Midlife (Ages 35-50): Contemplation – After many years in young adulthood of following society’s
scripts for creating a life, people in midlife often take a break from worldly responsibilities to reflect upon
the deeper meaning of their lives, the better to forge ahead with new understanding. This element of
contemplation represents an important resource that we can all draw upon to deepen and enrich our lives at
any age.
10. Mature Adulthood (Ages 50-80): Benevolence – Those in mature adulthood have raised families, established
themselves in their work life, and become contributors to the betterment of society through volunteerism,
mentorships, and other forms of philanthropy. All of humanity benefits from their benevolence. Moreover, we all
can learn from their example to give more of ourselves to others.

20. What are the ten point of Dr. A.P.J.Abdul Kalam’s Oath?
The ten-point oath

This is an oath that I believe every child in our country should live up to.
Read it carefully.

1) I will pursue my education or the work with dedication and I will excel in it.
2) I will teach at least ten persons who cannot read or write to do so.

3) I will plant at least ten saplings and ensure their growth through constant care.

4) I will visit rural and urban areas and work hard to permanently wean away at least five persons from addiction
and gambling.

5) I will constantly endeavour to remove the pain of my suffering brethren.

6) I will not support any religious, caste or language differentiation.

7) I will be honest and set an example for others to follow.

8) I will work towards becoming an enlightened citizen and make my family righteous. I will respect all women and
support women’s education.

9) I will always be a friend of the mentally and physically challenged, and will work hard to make them feel like the
rest of us.

10) I will proudly celebrate the success of my country and my people.

If you can make it a point do these ten things, then you will have started to do your bit to realize the vision of India
2020.

Dr .A.P.J.Abdul Kalam

One of our nations greatest assets is the young people in it. The ignited minds of the young are the greatest resource
on earth, under earth and above the earth. When ignited minds work with indomitable spirit, a prosperous, happy
and safe India is assured.

21. Explain about dowry legal terrorism

Dowry means property or money brought by a bride to her husband on their marriage. Dowry death or suicides by
married women as a result of their being subjected to cruelty by in – laws and/or husband constitute a slur on the
Hindu society. More often cruelty emanates from the failure of the parents of the girl to meet the exacting demand
for the dowry by the in-laws of the victims; our anxiety on this score has darkened into dread which in turn has
dwindled into despair. Dowry death, at present, is a burning problem of the society. It is increasing day by day
owing to prevailing socio – economic fabric and life style in the family. Dowry death has thrown a major challenge
to the police personnel, medico legal experts as well as to judicial officers not only to wipe out this social menace
but also to penalize the culprits in deterrent manner. In India, the payment of a dowry was prohibited in 1961 under
Indian civil law and subsequently by Sections 304B and 498A of the Indian Penal Code was enacted to make it
easier for the wife to seek redress from potential harassment by the husband’s family.
MEANING OF CRUELTY
The definition of cruelty as stated in Black’s Law Dictionary is ‘the intention and malicious Infliction of mental or
physical suffering on a living creature, esp. a human; abusive treatment’ [1

If one goes through Section 498 A of the Indian Penal Code 1860, one would find the explanation of the word
cruelty but not the definition.

The IPC explains, rather than define the word cruelty. It states that for the purpose of this section i.e. sec 498 A,
“cruelty” means:
(a) any wilful conduct which is of such a nature as is likely to drive the woman to commit suicide or to cause grave
injury or danger to life, limb or health (whether mental or physical) of the woman; or
(b) harassment of the woman where such harassment is with a view to coercing her or any person related to her to
meet any unlawful demands for any property or valuable security or is on account of failure by her or any person
related to her to meet such demand.’[2

Despite this explanation, there seems to be no clear cut definition of cruelty. Be it the Hindu Marriage Act, 1955 or
the Dowry Prohibition Act 1961 or the Indian Evidence Act, none of them seems to carry the definition of cruelty.
Hence, in an end number of cases we find that a number of judges have tried to define cruelty in many ways.
In this case, the learned Chief Justice observed that, ‘The word “cruelty” has not been defined. Indeed it could not
have been defined. It has been used in relation to human conduct or human behaviour. It is the conduct in relation to
or in respect of matrimonial duties and obligations. It is a course of conduct of one which is adversely affecting the
other. The cruelty may be mental or physical, intentional or unintentional. If it is physical the court will have no
problem to determine it. It is a question of fact and degree. If it is mental the problem presents difficulty.’

Indeed the word cruelty is a very subjective term. One cannot define it in one go. One can only infer what it is for a
particular individual in a given instance. The subjectivity of this term has time and again posed as a major challenge
to the Indian courts. Yet many have tried to infer its true meaning from the facts provided. The above mentioned
case also defined how cruelty is not an intentional aspect. The learned judges mentioned in the case that, ‘It is not
necessary to prove the intention in matrimonial offence. From the context and the set up in which the words
`cruelty’ intention is not a necessary element in cruelty. That word has to be understood in the ordinary sense of the
term in matrimonial affairs. If the intention to harm, harass or hurt could be inferred by the nature of the conduct or
brutal act complained or, cruelty could be easily established. But the absence of intention should not make any
difference in the case, if by ordinary sense in human affairs, the act complained of could otherwise be regarded as
cruelty.’

The court here clearly said how immaterial it is to establish whether the cruelty meted out was intentional or not.
The reason being that the matrimonial duties and responsibilities are of varying degrees from house to house or
person to person. Therefore, when a spouse makes complaint about the treatment of cruelty by the partner in life or
relations, the Court should not search for standard in life.
In a recent judgement, the Supreme Court said that “merely being “intimate” with another woman is not sufficient
ground for a man to be held guilty of inflicting cruelty on his wife on the charge of failing to discharge his marital
obligations,”We are of the view that the mere fact that the husband has developed some intimacy with another,
during the subsistence of marriage, and failed to discharge his marital obligations, as such would not amount to
cruelty.”
In this particular case, the fact that cruelty was mental needs to be understood on the basis of degree of each
person. In matrimonial cases, the Court is not concerned with the ideals in family life. It has only to understand the
spouses concerned as nature made them, and consider their particular grievance.

Cruelty has two types. One is physical cruelty while the other is mental cruelty. Mental cruelty is again very hard to
define for it is the most subjective element in the definition of cruelty. Still the courts have tried to explain it on the
basis of the circumstances available. The definition of mental cruelty in Black’s Law Dictionary is from the basis of
divorce. It states, ‘one spouse’s course of conduct (not involving actual violence) that creates such anguish that it
endangers the life, physical health or mental health of the other spouse’.