LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO ART - A portrait of the wife of a rich Italian

APPRECIATION merchant
- The half-smile of a woman, enigmatic
FIELDS OF LEARNING
and suggestively seductive, perplexed
 Sciences Leonardo’s contemporaries and has
fascinated people throughout the ages
 Humanities
- The emotional aspect of the painting
o Language – written and oral forms
challenged the serious and solemn
of human communication
features of traditional religious art
o History – human events happening
- Model was Lisa del Giocondo
in the world
o Art – human appreciation of DAVID, 1501
beautiful objects and human
creativity by which these objects - Michelangelo Buonarroti
are made - Sculpture -> Art of the beauty of shape,
 Creation – Artist, Practice Visual and tactile
 Appreciation – Spectator, - Standing 14 feet high, the first
Theory monumental statue of the High
o Philosophy – human reason Renaiisance
concerning reality - Set in front of Palazzo Vecchio in
Florence where it has become a symbol
SEVEN MAJOR ARTS of a republic ready to battle with the
enemies
1. Visual
a. Painting ST. PETER’S BASILICA, 1547-1667
b. Sculpture
c. Architecture - Vatican
2. Performing - Architecture -> Art of the beauty of
a. Music space, Visual and functional
b. Dance - Largest church in Christendom
c. Drama - The apse and the dome were designed
3. Linguistic by Michelangelo, the nave and the
a. Literature façade by Moderno and Bramante,
while the colonnade and piazza by
THE MONA LISA, 1501 Bernini
- Leonardo da Vinci ON MY OWN
- Painting -> Art of the beauty of color,
Purely visual - Music -> Art of the beauty of sound,
- Oil on wood panel Purely auditory
- Most famous painting in the world that
DANCE
has set the standard of art before
modernism or even up to now - Art of the beauty of motion
- Also entitled “La Gioconda”
 - Visual and kinesthetic PANOFSKY, “ART AS A HUMANISTIC
DISCIPLINE”
DRAMA
HUMANITIES
- Art of the beauty of performance
Latin English
- Visual, auditory and imaginative humanitas humanity
 Divinitas – Gods in the state of
LITERATURE
perfection in heaven
- Art of the beauty of writing  Humanitas – People in the state of
- Purely imaginative culture in civilized society
 Barbaritas – Savages in the state of
LESSON 2: HUMANITIES AS A FIELD OF
nature for survival
LEARNING
THE PLACE OF HUMANITIES IN THE HISTORY OF
Learning in the Sciences
WESTERN CIVILIZATION
- Subject-knower -> Object-known
I. Ancient, 800 BC
- “Scientist learns about things in the
- COSMOCENTRIC VIEW
world”
o Protagoras – Man is the
Learning in the Humanities measure of all things
o Geocentrism – Man is at the
- Subject-knower = Object-known center of the universe
- “The humanist learns about the self” II. Medieval, 300 AD
- THEOCENTRIC VIEW
WHO AM I?
o Scholasticism – Man is created
- The basic question in the humanities in the image of God
I. Socrates, 369-399 BC  Man is at the center of
- “Know thyself” creation
II. Augustine, 354-430 AD III. Renaissance, 1400
- “Withdraw into yourself truth dwells in - ANTHROPOCENTRIC VIEW
the inner man” o Humanism – Nothing is more
wonderful than man
HUMANITIES IV. Modern, 1600
- SCIENTIFIC-TECHNOCENTRIC VIEW
- Latin -> humanus
o Man is part of nature
- English -> quality of being human
V. Postmodern, 1960
THE SCIENCES THE HUMANITIES - ECLECTIC VIEW
Knowledge Wisdom o Man is a piece of everything
The scientist becomes The humanist
a LEARNED MAN becomes a WISE MAN PHILOSOPHY OF HUMANISM

- Historical root of humanistic studies

 - Has its root on the ancient belief that,
as Protagoras said, “Man is the measure
of all things”
I. Anthropocentric
- people reflected about themselves as a
part of humanity
II. Cosmocentric
- People reflected about themselves as
part of nature
III. Theocentric
- People reflected about themselves as
part of divine authority
IV. Scientific-technocentric
- The rise of science and the
advancement of technology during the
modern period
V. Ecclectic
- Human beings are seen to be merely
one among the collections of things
(postmodern period) but powerful to
determine themselves and the world
VITRUVIAN MAN, 1485-90
- Leonardo da Vinci
- The human essence
- Drawing study on the perfect
mathematical form of adult human
male based on the canons of human
proportion in the book “De
Architectura” by Vitruvius: a palm is the
height of four fingers, the height of the
head is equal to three palms, the whole
height of the body is equal to eight
heads, the length of the outspread arms
equals the height
- Figure is enclosed in a circle symbolizing
spiritual dimension, and in a square
symbolizing material dimension
- There is also hidden equilateral triangle
which symbolizes man’s mystical
dimension
Three human faculties that make up the human
essence:
 Mind
 Will
 Senses
Components of art based on three human
faculties:
1. Perceptual Elements
a. Sense-Data: Lines, Color, Shapes
 COMPOSITION WITH RED, YELLOW
AND BLUE, 1924
 Mondrian Pie
b. Representations: Things, Nature,
People and Objects
 WINNOWING RICE – genre showing
farm activity. The painting is bathed
with the impressionistic effect of
sunlight
 Fernando Amorsolo
2. Emotional Suggestions
a. Happy, Sad, Afraid
 THE SCREAM, 1893 – Terror-
stricken woman whose facial
identity has been obliterated by a
piercing scream that is echoed in
waving, curving lines
 Edvard Munch
3. Intellectual Meaning
a. Ideas, Concepts, Symbolism
 PERSISTENCE OF MEMORY, 1931 –
most well-known surrealist
painting, ultra-realistic in form but
fantastic in content (9x13)
 Dreamlike and desert landscape
with the setting sun, limped
watches, a bottle with bugs inside,
a strange, amorphous creature and
a dead tree growing out of table
 Salvador Dali
LESSON 3: ART AND AESTHETICS - Model: Simonetta Vespucci -> the wife
of the brother of Amerigo Vespucci who
AESTHETICS was the historian and chronicler in the
Greek English
ship of Columbus who discovered
aesthesis Sensory, perception
America
Alexander Baumgarten (1714-1762)
LESSON 4: THE PROCESS OF ART
- Aesthetics accdg to Baumgarten:
APPRECIATION
o “the science of sensory
perception” ART APPRECIATION
o Denote a realm of concrete PERSON as spectator WORK OF ART as
knowledge, as distinct from the /viewer object
abstract where content is  APPRECIATION 
communicated in sensory forms ART APPRECIATION

AESTHETICS POSITIVE – Wow!

- Philosophy of beauty and art PERCEPTUAL – Sense Data & Representation

- Theory about the reality of things
EMOTIONAL – Feelings
- Nature of Beauty: why are beautiful
things beautiful? INTELLECTUAL – Meaning
- Essence of Art: What makes something
a work of art? RESPONSE TO – Communication & Reaction

DIVISION OF AESTHETICS THE BEAUTY – Value that delights

1. Theory of Beauty ARTWORKS – Painting, Music, etc.

- Nature of beauty
ART AND REALITY
- Is she beautiful? Why?
2. Theory of Art 1. Art seen as representational image
- Essence of art 2. Art seen as abstract image but still
- Is this art? Why? representational
3. Theory of Art Criticism 3. Art seen as form composed of shapes,
- Evaluation of the merit or demerit of colors, etc.
works of art 4. Art seen as pure form
- Is this art great? Why? 5. Art seen as the object itself

BIRTH OF VENUS, 1482
- The body of roman goddess of beauty
and love is elongated and curved before
a stylized background
- Her somewhat bulging stomach
signifies fertility, the mark of feminine
beauty going back to the ancient times
“We all know that Art is not truth. Art is a lie
that makes us realize truth, at least the truth
that is given us to understand. The artist must
know the manner whereby to convince others
of the truthfulness of his lies.”
Rene Magritte – The Treachery of Images
 - “Ceci N’Est Pas Une Pipe” -> This is not - Tactile Art: Sculpture, Lovemaking
a pipe  Imagination
- Imagining: Images
LESSON 5: AESTHETIC TERMS
- Imaginative Art: Literature, Drama
VALUES
AESTHETIC VALUES ACCORDING TO THE
 Logical SENSES
o True
SENSE DATA BEAUTIFUL UGLY
o False Color Picturesque Blur
 Ethical Shape Pretty Grotesque
o Good Size Cute Piquant
o Evil Motion Graceful Awkward
 Aesthetic Sound Lovely Droll
o Beautiful Odor Fragrant Foul
o Ugly Taste Delicious Pungent
Touch Pleasant Harsh
AESTHETICS VALUES Image Fantastic Ridiculous
PICTURESQUE
 Beautiful
o Delights - Beautiful color in Philippine Art
o “Wow!”, “Walastik!”, “Hanep!” - Jeepney designs, Vinta (Badjao Art),
 Ugly Tinala’k (Tiboli Art)
o Glooms
PRETTY
o “Yak!”, “Eww!”
- The Grande Odalisque (Ingres)
ORIGIN OF ART AND BEAUTY FROM THE
SENSES GROTESQUE (UGLY SHAPE)

 Eyes - Venus of Willendorf (35,000 BC)

- Seeing: Color, Shape, Size, Motion
- Visual Art: Painting, Sculpture, Archi, JAPANESE
Dance, Drama
- Small is beautiful
 Ears
- Haiku -> Japanese short poem
- Hearing: Sound
composed of 3 lines with 17 syllables
- Auditory Art: Music, Drama
 Nose FILIPINO
- Smelling: Odor
- Olfactory Art: Perfume Making - Tanaga -> Tagalog Short poem
 Tongue GREEK & WESTERN
- Tasting: Taste
- Culinary Art: Cooking - The big is beautiful
 Skin - Statue of Zeus (435 BC, 40 ft. high)
- Touching: Texture, Shape, Size, Motion
THE TALLEST BUILGINGS IN THE WORLD SCARY

2500 BC - The Scream

- Pyramid of Kufu Egypt (420 ft.) COMIC

1930s - Splice of Life, Larry Alcala

- Larry Alcala – Created cartoons on
- Empire State Building, New York (1250 Filipino everyday life showing funny and
ft.) satirizing representations of Philippine
1970s society, tradition and culture

- Sears Tower, Chicago (1450 ft.) BIZARRE

2004 - Carcass of Beef (1925), Chaim Sotein

- False Mirror, Rene Magritte
- Taipei 101, Taiwan (1666ft)
RUSTIC
2009
- After Death (1721), Gericault
- Burj Khalifa, Dubai (2772 ft.)
SUBLIME
KAMA SUTRA
- Ecstasy of St. Therese, Bernini
- The Art of Pleasure

LESSON 6: TERMS FOR THE HIERARCHY OF

BEAUTY

Sublime Purely delights

Grand Delights and awes
Elegant Delights and
impresses
Charming Delights and attracts
Comic Delights and
entertains
Tragic Delights and saddens
Terrible Delights and fears
Scary Glooms and fears
Horrible Glooms and saddens
Bizarre Glooms and entertains
Poignant Glooms and attracts
Perverse Glooms and impresses
Rustic Glooms and awes
Pathetic Purely glooms