LESSON 1:

Communication(Communis)- process of making connections with verbal and nonverbal approach

Communication channel- describes way of communication

Communication process- steps on how to convey message

ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS:

Sender/source- transfer message/information

Reciever/decoders- accepts message/information

Message Channels- message should be encoded to method carried out by communication channels

Feedback- expected to give response on how they understand the information

Noise- barrier that interferes in conversation.

”Internal noise- something that is bothering you

External noise- noise from surroundings”

Context-settings in which communication takes place

LESSON 2: MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

Communication models- frameworks that explains how communication takes place.

Harold Lasswell(1902-1978) introduce linear model

Communicator->message->medium->receiver->effect

Osgood and schramm model by Wilbur schramm (1907-1987) and Charles Osgood (1916-1991) shows that both sender
and receiver can both transmit and receive the message

Barnlunds Transactional Model by Dean Barnlund(1920-1992) introduced transactional model in 1970, that illustrates
the communication exchange is reciprocal

Aristotle’s Linear Model (before 300BC) the first communication model,”the speaker centered model”

Frank Dance Models- on 1967 process based on helix structure with comparison to communication

Intermediary or Gatekeeper Model by Paul Lazarsfeld (1901-1976) and Elihu Katz (1926-present)- has focus on person
who control the information in media industry

Shannon and Weaver’s Model-demonstrate the message that was encoded by sender and transfer it to receiver through
an industrial channel

LESSON 3: LEVELS AND PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

LEVELS OF COMMUNICATION

1. Intrapersonal communication-communicating with oneself/self-talk

2. Interpersonal communication- takes place between two persons
3. Small group communication- brainstorming of 3-20 people
4. Public communication- way of sharing programs and propagandas
5. Mass communication- large number of people using mass media

PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNICATION

1.The message directed is not certainly the message recieved

2. Non communication is impossible

3. Message have content and feeling

4. Non verbal cues are realistic than verbal cues

LESSON 4: COMMUNICATION ETHICS

Ethics(ethos) –character/ guides you to be a good person

 Unethical communication- affect manner of how to communicate

ETHICAL COMMUNICATION PRINCIPLES

1. Truthfulness, accuracy and honesty

2.Freedom of expression

3. Respect and strive to understand other communicators

4. Access to communication resources and opportunities

5. promotion for communication climates

6.communication that degrade individual and humanity through distortion

7. people needs to be committed to courageous expressions

8.advocacy in sharing information

9. accept responsibility for short and long term consequences

LESSON 5: VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Verbal communication(verbum means word)- spoken words or ability to deliver message orally

Formal verbal communication- approve way to share information which follows set of rules ,procedures or
standards

Ex. Professional settings, corporate meetings conference in formal pattern

Informal verbal communication- form of casual talk and established for face to face discussion

Ex. Family gatherings, friendly talks and bonding

TYPES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION

1. Face to face- talking to another person with facial expression ,gestures and tone of voice
2. Telephone conversation- best use for important news that needs to be passed immediately
3. Video chat- allow people to get in touch verbally with anyone anytime and everywhere
4. Lecture type- this is a basic example on how effective verbal communication can be used
5. Announcement- informative statement being done in public areas , in malls or train stations
6. Voice mail- if person you are calling is not available at the moment, message can be recorded

LESSON 6: NON- VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Mehrabian, 1981- 55% of communication comes from facial expression, gestures and other non verbal cues.

IMPORTANCE OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

1. Non verbal reinforces the words that you say through your gestures
2. Non verbal reveals true feelings through facial expressions
3. Through eye contact, it shows sincerity
4. Through tone of voice, one’s emotion is revealed
5. Through symbols and signs, you understand directions to take and give you meanings on what to do or
undertake

TYPES OF NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Facial Expression- these tells more about you and the people you mingle with

Eye Contact- can be affection,sympathy, interest or anger

Posture and body movement- shows how confident and well mannered you are

Haptics- different kind of touch and different meanings

Proxemics- Anthropologist Edward T. Hall (1914-2009) different kinds of distance that occur between people vary
from different cultures

Paralanguage- tone of voice and how you say a word

Chronemics- use of time that can affect interpersonal relationship

Artifacts- form of accessories that are chosen to characterize self concept

Physical appearance- the way you present yourself speaks a lot about your personality

LESSON 7: WRITTEN COMMUNICATION

Written communication-any form of engagement that uses words in written form which includes memo,proposals,e-
mails, letters, training manuals, and operating policies that can be printed on paper or hand written or by e-mails.

IMPORTANT PARTS OF AN E-MAIL

a. From line- Senders e-mail address

b. To line- recipients e-mail address
c. CC(carbon copy)- duplicate copy to be sent to another person
d. Bcc(blind carbon copy)- copy of an e-mail whose address is not visible as recipient of message
e. Salutation- opening greeting in letter
f. Subject line- where you write subject matter or reason why you write
g. Body of the letter- write what you want to discuss to recipient
h. Complimentary close- where you put closing remark of the sender

CHAPTER 1 PDF NOTES(COMPLETE)

Systems:

Phonology for sounds

Grammar for rules

Lexicon for vocabulary

Language Acquisition- able to use language naturally while growing(Mother Tongue/ First Language for L1)

Language Learning- Studying language formally or informally (Second Language for L2)

Speech Community -This refers to a group of people who share the same set of rules in the language system.

Language Contact- Able to slowly learn other language informally because of direct contact to the language user

Language Change- This refers to the change which is the result of Language Contact.

Communication: the process by which people exchange and assign meaning to messages

Communication is a process because: It is DYNAMIC, it entails VARIATION, it involves STEPS

Elements of Communication: Sender, Feedback, Message, Channel, Reciever, Verbal Symbols, Non-Verbal Symbols
and Experience

Lesson 2 Models of Communication

Barnlund’s Transactional Model

 Osgood & Schramm’s Model

Aristotle’s Model

Shannon & Weaver’s Model

Intermediary or Gatekeeper Model

Laswell’s Model
Frank Dance’s Model

Berlo’s SMCR Model

Schramm’s Interactive Model

Lesson 3 Levels and Principles of Communication

Levels of communication: Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Mass, Public, small group

7 levels of communication for Henson (2018)

Organizational, Cross-cultural, Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Mass, Public, small group

Types of Communication According to Context Madrunio & Martin (2018)

Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Extended, Intercultural,Organizational

INTERNAL<- ORGANIZATIONAL-> EXTERNAL

Formal :  Downward – top down

 Upward – Bottom up

 Horizontal – lateral

 Crosswise – diagonal

Informal: Grapevine

Principles of Effective Communication Aquino & Ycong (2018) 

The message directed is not certainly the message received. 

Non-communication is impossible. 

Message have content and feeling. 

Non-verbal cues are realistic than verbal cues.

4C Model of Effective Communication Henson (2018)

Comprehension, Credibility, Connection and Contagiousness

Principles of Effective Communication Madrunio & Martin (2018)

 Know your purpose in communicating

 Know your audience
 Know your topic
 Adjust your speech or writing to the context of the situation
 Work on the Feedback given to you

Lesson 4 Communication Ethics

Ethical Communication Principles:

 We advocate truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason as essential to the integrity of communication.
 We endorse freedom of expression, diversity of perspective, and tolerance of dissent to achieve the informed
and responsible decision making fundamental to a civil society.
 We strive to understand and respect other communicators before evaluating and responding to their messages.
 We promote access to communication resources and opportunities as necessary to fulfill human potential and
contribute to the well-being of families, communities, and society.
 We promote communication climates of caring and mutual understanding that respect the unique needs and
characteristics of individual communicators.
 We condemn communication that degrades individuals and humanity through distortion, intimidation, coercion,
and violence, and through the expression of intolerance and hatred.
 We are committed to the courageous expression of personal convictions in pursuit of fairness and justice.
 We advocate sharing information, opinions, and feelings when facing significant choices while also respecting
privacy and confidentiality.
 We accept responsibility for the short- and long-term consequences of our own communication and expect the
same of others.

Communication Ethics Vanderbe (2018) 

Truthfulness & honesty, Integrity, Fairness, Respect and Responsibility