HIGH VOLTAGEENGINEERING

Subject Code : A70228

Regulations : R15 - JNTUH
Class : IV Year B.Tech EEE I Semester

Department of Electrical and Electronics and Engineering

BHARAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY
Ibrahimpatnam - 501 510, Hyderabad.
HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING (A70228)
COURSE PLANNER
I. COURSE OVERVIEW
Electrical Insulation is the backbone of all modern power system networks. Different
dielectrics that constitute the insulating systems are subjected to a variety of stresses during
their lifetime. A thorough knowledge of the fundamental properties of the materials and their
failure mechanisms during service, is essential for appropriate and optimal design. Further, in

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 1

 the current competitive market scenario, transmission at extra high voltages and operation of
equipment at close to their design limits have necessitated strict design criteria and high
testing standards. As a result, high voltage insulation technology has undergone many
changes, with advances being made in the area of testing, measurement and development of
new materials.
II. PRE REQUISITES:
The knowledge of following subjects is essential to understand the subject:
1. Fundamentals of Electromagnetics
2. Electric Power systems
3. Electrical Measurements
III. COURSE OBJECTIVE:
1 To know about generation voltages and currents to test the electrical equipments.

2 To make the students to do research or projects them self.

IV. COURSE OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course the student will be in a position to –
S. No Description Bloom’s taxonomy level
Student will be able to uunderstand the general
Knowledge, Understand
1 aspects of electrical testing methods
(Level 1, Level 2)
Student will be able to design and analysis of high
Knowledge, Understand
2 voltage
(Level 1, Level 2)
Student will be able to understand the need for
Knowledge, Apply
3 testing and procedures of the electrical devices
(Level 1, Level 3)
Student will be able to understand the significance of
Apply, Evaluate
4 high voltages and high currents
(Level 3, Level 5)
Student will be able to understand the need for high Apply, Analyze, Evaluate
5
voltages, high currents and testing methods (Level 3, Level 4, Level 5)

V. HOW PROGRAM OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED

Program Outcomes Level Proficiency assed by
PO1 Engineering knowledge: Apply the
knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineering fundamentals, and an Assignments,
3
engineering specialization to the Mock tests
solution of complex engineering
problems.
PO2 Problem analysis: Identify, Assignments,
2
formulate, review research literature, Mock tests

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 2

 and analyze complex engineering
problems reaching substantiated
conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and
engineering sciences.
PO3 Design/development of solutions:
Design solutions for complex
engineering problems and design
system components or processes that
Assignments,
meet the specified needs with 2
Mock tests
appropriate consideration for the
public health and safety, and the
cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
PO4 Conduct investigations of complex
problems: Use research-based
knowledge and research methods
Assignments,
including design of experiments, 2
Mock tests
analysis and interpretation of data,
and synthesis of the information to
provide valid conclusions.
PO5 Modern tool usage: Create, select,
and apply appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern engineering
Assignments,
and IT tools including prediction and 1
Mock tests
modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of
the limitations.
PO6 The engineer and society: Apply
reasoning informed by the contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health,
Assignments,
safety, legal and cultural issues and 1
Mock tests
the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional
engineering practice.
PO7 Environment and sustainability:
Understand the impact of the
professional engineering solutions in
societal and environmental contexts, - -
and demonstrate the knowledge of,
and need for sustainable
development.
PO8 Ethics: Apply ethical principles and
- -
commit to professional ethics and

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 3

 responsibilities and norms of the
engineering practice.
PO9 Individual and team work:
Function effectively as an individual,
and as a member or leader in diverse - -
teams, and in multidisciplinary
settings.
PO10 Communication: Communicate
effectively on complex engineering
activities with the engineering
community and with society at large,
such as, being able to comprehend - -
and write effective reports and design
documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive
clear instructions.
PO11 Project management and finance: -
Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the engineering and
management principles and apply
-
these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to
manage projects and in
multidisciplinary environments.
PO12 Life-long learning: Recognize the
need for, and have the preparation
and ability to engage in independent - -
and life-long learning in the broadest
context of technological change.
1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None
VI. HOW PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES ARE ASSESSED
Program Specific Outcomes Level Proficiency assed by
PSO1 Design and development of high
voltages and current equipments to Assignments,
1
know the performance of electrical seminars
equipments by testing.
PSO2 Testing techniques for research and
Assignments,
advanced studies in Electrical and 1
seminars
Electronics engineering

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate (Medium) 3: Substantial (High) - : None

VII. COURSE CONTENT:

JNTUH SYLLABUS

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 4

UNIT – I:
Introduction to High voltage engineering: Electric field stresses. Gas/ Vaccum as
insulator, Liquid dielectrics. Solids and composites, Estimation and control of Electric stress ,
Numerical methods for electric field computation. Surge voltages, their distribution and
control, Applications of insulating materials in transformers, rotating machines, circuit
breakers, cables, power capacitors and bushings.
UNIT – II:
Breakdown in Dielectric materials: Gases as insulating media, collision process, Ionization
process, Townsend’s criteria of breakdown in gases, Paschen’s law. Liquid as Insulator, pure
and commercial liquids, breakdown in pure and commercial liquids.Intrinsic breakdown,
electromechanical breakdown, thermal breakdown, breakdown of solid dielectrics in practice,
Breakdown in composite dielectrics, solid dielectrics used in practice.
UNIT – III:
Generation & measurement of high voltages and currents: Generation of High Direct
Current Voltages, Generation of High alternating voltages, Generation of Impulse Voltages,
Generation of Impulse currents, Tripping and control of impulse generators. Measurement of
High Direct Current voltages, Measurement of High Voltages alternating and
impulse, Measurement of High Currents-direct, alternating and Impulse, Oscilloscope for
impulse voltage and current measurements.
UNIT – IV:
Over voltages and insulation co-ordination:
Natural causes for over voltages – Lightning phenomenon, Overvoltage due to switching
surges, system faults and other abnormal conditions, Principles of Insulation Coordination on
High voltage and Extra High Voltage power systems.
UNIT – V:
Testing of materials & electrical apparatus:
Measurement of D.C Resistivity, Measurement of Dielectric Constant and loss factor, Partial
discharge measurements. Testing of Insulators and bushings, Testing of Isolators and circuit
breakers, Testing of cables, Testing of Transformers, Testing of Surge Arresters, Radio
Interference measurements.
GATE SYLLABUS: NOT APPLICABLE
IES SYLLABUS: NOT APPLICABLE

SUGGESTED BOOKS:
TEXT BOOK:
1. High Voltage Engineering by M.S.Naidu and V. Kamaraju, TMH Publications.
2. High Voltage Engineering by C.L.Wadhwa, New Age Internationals (P) Ltd.
REFERENCES:
1. High Voltage Engineering: Fundamentals by E.Kuffel, W.S.Zaengl,by Elsevier.
2. High Voltage Insulation Engineering by Ravindra Arora, Wolfgang New Age
Internationals (P) Ltd.
3. High voltage Engineering, Theory and Practice , Mazen Abdel Salam, Hussein Anis,
Ahdan EI-Morshedy, Roshdy Radwan, Marcel Dekker
LESSON PLAN-COURSE SCHEDULE:
EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 5
 Course
Lecture Week
Topic learning Reference
No. No.
outcomes
UNIT – 1, Introduction to High voltage engineering
Electric Field Stress, Gas / Vaccum as Explaining
1 Insulator
1. Liquid Dielectrics, Solids and Know about
Composites materials
1
2. Estimation and Control of Electric Analyzing
Stress
3. Numerical methods for electric field Analyzing
computation
4. Surge voltages, their distribution and Explain Text Book
control No. 1, 2
5. Applications of insulating materials in Explain
2
transformers
6. rotating machines, Explain
7. circuit breakers& Problems Analyzing
8. cable power capacitors , Bushings Explain
9. Latest trends in High Voltage Analyzing
3 engineering
10. Review of Unit-I
11. Mock Test – I
UNIT – 2, Breakdown in Dielectric materials
12. Gases as insulating media Explain
13. collision process Explain
14. Ionization process Explain
4
15. Townsend’s criteria of breakdown in Analyzing
gases
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 1
16. Pastern’s law Analyzing
17. Liquid as Insulator&problems Analyzing
18. pure and commercial liquids Explain Text Book
5
19. breakdown in pure and commercial Explain No. 1, 2
liquids& Problems
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 2
20. Intrinsic breakdown, electromechanical Analyzing
breakdown
21. Problems & thermal breakdown, Analyzing
6 breakdown of solid dielectrics in
practice
22. Breakdown in composite dielectrics& Analyzing
solid dielectrics used in practice

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 23. Revision
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 3
UNIT – 3, Generation & measurement of high voltages and currents
24. Generation of High Direct Current Analyzing
Voltages
25. Generation of High alternating voltages Analyzing
26. 7 Generation of Impulse Voltages Explain
27. Tripping and Control of Impulse Explain
Generators
Text Book
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 4 No. 1, 2
28. Generation of Impulse currents Explain
29. Tripping and control of impulse Explain
generators
30. 8 Online and off line and off line tapchanger Explain
effects
31. Revision
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 5
I Mid Examinations (Week 9)
UNIT – 3 Contd.
32. Measurement of High Direct Current Explain
voltages
33. Measurement of High Voltages Explain
alternating and impulse Text Book
34. 10 Measurement of High Currents-direct, Explain No. 1, 3
alternating currents, Impulse currents
35. Oscilloscope for impulse voltage Explain
and current measurements.
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 6
UNIT – 4, Testing of materials & electrical apparatus
36. Natural causes for over voltages Explain
37. Lightning phenomenon Explain
38. Overvoltage due to switching surges, Explain
system faults
39. Testing techniques for different Analyzing
objectives
11
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 7 Text Book
40. Principles of Insulation Explain No. 1, 2
41. Principles of Insulation Explain
42. Coordination of High voltage power Analyzing
systems
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 8
43. Coordination of High voltage power Explain
13
systems

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 44. Coordination of Extra High Voltage Explain
power systems.
45. Coordination of Extra High Voltage Explain
power systems
46. Revision
Mock Test - II
UNIT – 5, Testing of materials & electrical apparatus
47. Measurement of D.C Resistivity Explain
48. Measurement of Dielectric Constant Explain
and loss factor
49. 14 Partial discharge measurements. Explain
Testing of Insulators
50. Testing of Transformers Analyzing
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 9
51. Testing of bushings Explain
52. Testing of Isolators Explain
53. 15 Testing of circuit breakers Explain Text Book
54. Testing of kraft paper Explain No. 1, 2
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 10 Ref.Book
55. Testing of cables Analyzing No.1,2
56. Testing of Transformers, Explain
57. 16 Testing of Surge Arresters Explain
58. Radio Interference measurements Analyzing
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 11
59. Revision
60. Revision
61. 17 Revision
62. Revision
Tutorial / Bridge Class # 12
II Mid Examinations (Week 18)
VIII.MAPPING COURSE OUTCOMES LEADING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF
PROGRAM OUTCOMES AND PROGRAM SPECIFIC OUTCOMES:
Program
Specific
Program Outcomes (PO)
Outcomes

Outcomes
Course

(PSO)

PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12 PSO1 PSO2

CO1 2 - 1 1 - 1 - - - - - - 2 1
CO2 2 1 2 1 - 1 - - - - - - 2 2
CO3 2 1 2 1 - 1 - - - - - - 2 2
CO4 2 2 1 2 1 2 - - - - - - 2 2
CO5 3 2 2 2 2 2 - - - - - - 2 3

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 8

 Avg 2.2 1.2 1.6 1.4 0.6 1.4 - - - - - - 2 2

1: Slight (Low) 2: Moderate

3: Substantial (High) -:None
(Medium)

IX. QUESTION BANK: (JNTUH)

DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS:
UNIT-I
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 What is Electric field stress? Knowledge 1
2 State the methods for electric field computation? Understand 1
3 How Gas/ Vacuum acts as insulator? Understand 1
4 what is Surge voltage? Knowledge 1
5 Name the applications of insulating materials in Knowledge 1
transformers.
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Explain the applications of insulating materials in the Knowledge 1
construction of circuit breakers.
2 Explain about the tracking in solid insulating materials. Evaluate 1
machines.
3 Discuss the applications of gases and gaseous mixture as Evaluate 1
insulating medium in high voltage cables.
4 Discuss in detail about the features and properties of Analyze 1
solid dielectrics and its com- posits.
5 Explain two important conditions to be satisfied for a Analyze 1
collision of an electron with an atom to be an
ionizing one.
6 Explain the properties and applications of paper Analyze 1
and paper board solid di- electrics used in high
voltage engineering.

7 Indicate the solid insulation applications in: Knowledge 1

(a)Power cables (b)HV bushings (c) Small size
rotating
8 What is surge voltage? Explain distribution and control of Evaluate 1
surge voltage.
9 Explain Numerical methods for electric field Knowledge 1
computation.
EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 9
 10 Indicate the solid insulation applications in: Knowledge 1
(a) circuit breakers (b) cables (c) power capacitors.
UNIT-II
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1State Paschen’s law. Knowledge 2
2 State Townsend’s criteria of breakdown in gases Knowledge 2
3Explain collision process & Ionization process Knowledge 2
4 What are the various sources to get the initiatory Analyze 2
electron?
5 What causes breakdown in solid dielectrics. Knowledge 2
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 The following observations were made in an Knowledge 2
experiment for determination of dielectric strength of
transformer oil. Determine the power law equation.
Gap Spacing (mm) 4 6 8 10
Breakdown voltage 88 135 165 212
2 (kV) Knowledge 2
2. (a) Explain short term and long term breakdown
mechanics that occur in a composite solid
dielectrics.
(b) Explain briefly about various solid dielectrics
used in practice. medium is not possible without an
initiatory electron.
3 What are the various sources to get the initiatory electron? Understand 2
4 Explain breakdown mechanism in pure liquids. Create 2
5 Explain the phenomena of thermal breakdown in solid Create 2
dielectrics.in composite solid dielectric materials.
6 Explain about the tracking in solid insulating materials Knowledge
7 Explain the properties and applications of paper Analyze 2
and paper board solid di- electrics used in high
voltage engineering.

8 Discuss briefly about the breakdown mechanism Evaluate 2

9 Explain the phenomena of thermal breakdown in solid Evaluate 2
dielectrics.

10 Explain why current growth in the gap of gaseous is not Understand 2

possible without an initiatory electron.

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 10

UNIT-III
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Wire the expression for voltage efficiency of single stage Evaluate 4
impulse generator.
2 State the conditions to be satisfied by a potential divider Analyze 4
to be used for impulse work
3 Analyze 4
Write any two advantages of AC testing transformers.
4 What are the different oscilloscopes used for impulse Knowledge 4
voltage and current measurements.
5 Name any two generators used for Impulse Voltages. Knowledge 4
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Explain different schemes for cascade connection of Evaluate 4
Transformers for producing very high AC voltage.
2 What are the problems associated with measuring Evaluate 4
very high impulse voltages? Explain how these
can be taken care during measurements.
3 (a) Describe with a neat sketch, the working of a Van de Evaluate 4
Graaf generator
4 (b) What are the factors that limit maximum voltage Evaluate 4
applied?
5 What is capacitance voltage transformer? Explain with Evaluate 4
phasor diagram how a tuned capacitance voltage
transformer can be used for voltage measurements in
power systems?
6 An impulse current generator has total capacitance of 15 Evaluate 4
µF, the charging voltage of 125 kV, the circuit inductance
2 mH and the dynamic resistance 1ohm. Find the peak
current and wave shape of the wave.
7 Give the schematic arrangement of an impulse potential Evaluate 4
divider with an oscilloscope connected for measuring
impulse voltages. Explain the arrangement used to
minimize the errors?
Evaluate 4
Explain why the use of series resistant transformers
8
are advantages over AC testing transformers.
UNIT-4
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 11

 Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 What is Lightning phenomenon? Knowledge 3
2 Write any two causes for over voltages? Evaluate 3
3 Name the over voltages due to switching surges? Knowledge 3
4 Name the over voltages due to system faults? Knowledge 3
5 Give the names of methods used for calibrating the partial Understand 3
discharge detectors.
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Knowledge 3
Give the mathematical models for lightning discharges
and explain them.
2 Explain the concept of apparent charge in partial Knowledge 3
discharge measurements.
3 Briefly explain the methods used for calibrating the Understand 3
partial discharge detectors

4 Explain the concept of apparent charge in partial Knowledge 3

discharge measurements.
5 Describe a simple experiment technique to measure Evaluate 3
partial discharge.
6 Explain different aspects of insulation design and Knowledge 3
insulation co-ordination adopted for EHV.
7 What are partial discharges and how are they detected Understand 3
under power frequency operating conditions?
8 Describe a simple experiment technique to measure Knowledge 3
partial discharge
9 Explain Principles of Insulation Coordination on High Knowledge 3
voltage? Evaluate
10 Explain Principles of Insulation Coordination on Knowledge 3
Extra High Voltage power systems Evaluate
UNIT-5
Short Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 How do you measure the D.C Resistivity? Understand 5
2 What is Dielectric Constant? Evaluate 5
3 What is loss factor? Knowledge 5
4 How do you measure the Radio Interference? Understand 5
5 Give the names of methods for testing Surge Arresters Understand 5

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 12

 and cables.
Long Answer Questions-
S.No Question Blooms Course
Taxonomy Outcome
Level
1 Mention the different electrical tests done on Knowledge 5
isolators and circuits breakers.
2 Why is synthetic testing advantageous over other testing Knowledge 5
methods for short circuit tests?
3 Give the lay out for synthetic testing and explain. Understand 5
4 Describe the impulse current tests performed on Understand 5
lighting arrestors.
5 How do you conclude that the arrester has passed Understand 5
the test?
6 Explain the method of impulse testing of high voltage Understand 5
transformers.
7 What is the procedure adopted for locating the failure. Knowledge 5
8 Explain the terms. (i) Withstand voltage (ii) Flash over Understand 5
voltage (iii) 50% Flash over voltage
9 Explain the operation of high voltage Schering bridge Understand 5
when the test specimen is grounded ?
10 Explain the operation of high voltage Schering bridge Knowledge 5
when the test specimen has high loss factor?
OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS:
JNTUH:
UNIT-1
1. Which of the following technique/method is-used for the measurements of ac high
frequency voltages ?
(A) Peak voltmeter (B) Series resistance micro ammeter
(C) Resistance potential divider (D) Any of the above.
2. Which of the following method or technique can be used for the measurement of high dc
voltages ?
(A) Generating voltmeter (B) Electrostatic voltmeter
(C) Peak voltmeter (D) Any of the above.
3. All of the following methods/techniques can be used for the measurement of high ac
voltages EXCEPT
(A) Potential dividers (B) Potential transformers
(C) Electrostatic voltmeters (D) Half effect generators.
4. Surge diverters are
(A) non-linear resistors in series with spark gaps which act as fast switches
(B) arc quenching devices
(C) shunt reactors to limit the voltage rise due to Ferranti effect

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 13

(D) over-voltages of power frequency harmonics.
5. Impulse voltages are characterized by
(A) polarity (B) peak value (C) time of half the peak value (D) all of the above.
6. Paschen's law is associated with
(A) breakdown voltage (B) ionization (C) thermal radiations (D) none of the above.
7. The essential condition for the Paschen's law to be valid is that
(A) voltage must be dc (B) voltage must be ac
(C) temperature must be constant (D) humidity must be low.
8. The breakdown voltage in gases depends on
(A) distance between the electrodes (B) relative air density
(C) humidity (D) all of the above.
9. At unvarying temperature breakdown voltage in a uniform field is a function of the product
of gas pressure and distance between the electrodes. The above statement is known as
(A) Electron avalanche (B) Thermal stability principle
(C) Paschen's law (D) Breakdown voltage law.
10. Large capacity generators are manufactured to generate power at
(A) 440 V (B) 6.3 to 10.5 kV (C) 132 kV to 220 kV (D) 400 kV.
11. Which soil has the least specific resistance?
(A) Land (B) Loamy soil (C) Clay (D) Peat.
22. Which soil has the maximum specific resistance?
(A) Black cotton soil (B) Sand (C) Peat (D) Loamy soil.
13. In sphere gaps, the sphere are made of
(A) aluminum (B) brass (C) bronze (D) any of the above.
14. In 'plasma' state a gas
(A) loses electrical conductivity (B) conducts electricity
(C) becomes perfect insulator (D) attracts moisture.
15. Which of the following statement about corona is incorrect?
(A) Corona gives rise to radio interference
(B) Corona results in loss of power in transmission
(C) Corona discharge can be observed as red luminescence
(D) Corona is always accompanied by a hissing noise.
16. Switching surge is
(A) high voltage dc (B) high voltage ac
(C) short duration transient voltage (D) hyperbolically dying voltage.
17. Moles bridge is used to measure
(A) properties of dielectric at dc (B) dispersion in insulation
(C) high frequency high voltages (D) modulation ratio frequencies.
18. Insulators for high voltage applications are tested for
(A) power frequency tests (B) impulse tests
(C) both (A) and (B) above (D) none of the above.
19. Impulse testing of transformers is done to determine the ability of
(A) bushings to withstand vibrations (B) insulation to withstand transient voltages
(C) windings to withstand voltage fluctuations (D) all of the above.
20. Transformers contribute to radio interference due to

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 14

(A) corona discharges in air (B) internal or partial discharges in insulation
(C) sparking (D) any of the above.
21. As compared to air the relative dielectric strength of sulphur hexafluoride is nearly
(A) 1.5 times (B) 2.5 times (C) 4.0 times (D) 5.0 times.
22. The electrical breakdown strength of insulating materials depends on
(A) nature of applied voltage (B) imperfections in dielectric material
(C) pressure, temperature and humidity (D) all of the above.

23. Which of the following gas has been used as insulating medium in electrical appliances?
(A) Nitrogen (B) Carbon dioxide (C) Sulphur hexafluoride (D) Freon.
24. Vacuum insulation is used in all of the following EXCEPT
(A) Particle accelerators (B) EHT of color TV (C) Field emission tubes (D) X-rays.
25. Liquids are generally used as insulating materials up to voltage stresses of about
(A) 100 MV/cm (B) 50 MV/cm (C) 50 kV/cm (D)500 V/cm.
26. Electro-mechanical breakdown of solid insulating materials occurs due to
(A) magnetic bum (B) vibrations
(C) mechanical stresses produced by the electrical field
(D) electrical stresses produced by the voltage fluctuations.
27. Match the following:
(F is force exerted on a charge q in the electric field E and S is the closed surface containing
charge q, D is the flux density).
Equation Nomenclature
(a) φs E dS = q / ε0 (i) Poisson's equation
(b) ▼ .D = ρ (ii) Laplace's equation
(c) ▼2 .φ = - ρ/ ε0 (iii) Guass theorem
(d) ▼ .φ = 0
2
(iv) Charge density
(A) a - (i), b - (ii), c - (iii), d - (iv) (B) a - (ii), b - (i), c - (iv), d - (iii)
(C) a - (iv), b - (i), c - (ii), d - (iii) (D) a - (iii), b - (iv), c - (i), d - (ii).
28. Surge voltage originate in power systems due to
(A) lightning (B) switching operations (C) faults (D) any of the above.
29. All of the following are the preferred properties of a dielectric gas EXCEPT
(A) high dielectric strength (B) physiological inertness
(C) low atomic number (D) good heat transfer.
30. Corona results in
(A) improvement in power factor (B) increased capacitive reactance of transmission lines
(C) radio interference (D) better regulation.
31. Dielectric strength in case of mica can be expected to be more than
(A) 500 kV/mm (B) 1500 kV/mm (C) 2500 kV/mm (D) 3500 kV/mm.
32. All of the following dielectric materials are preferred for high frequency applications
EXCEPT
(A) Polyethylene (B) Butyl rubber (C) Teflon (D) Polystyrene.
33. Polar dielectrics are normally used for
(A) high frequencies (B) microwaves (C) dc and power frequencies (D) none of the above.
EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 15
 34. Which of the following is a polar dielectric?
(A) Teflon (B) Quartz (C) Nylon (D) Polyethylene.
35. Which of the following is a non-polar dielectric?
(A) Polystyrene (B) Phenolic plastics (C) Plasticized cellulose acetate (D) Castor oil.
36. The impurity in liquid dielectric which has significant effect in reducing the breakdown
strength, is
(A) dust (B) dissolved gases (C) moisture (D) ionic impurities.
37. The relationship between the breakdown voltage V and gap d is normally given as
(A) d = kV2 (B) d=kV3 (C) V = kd (D) v = kdn.
38. A good dielectric should have all the following properties EXCEPT
(A) high mechanical strength (B) high resistance to thermal deterioration
(C) high dielectric loss (D) freedom from gaseous inclusions.
39. The variety of paper used for insulation purpose is
(A) blotting paper (B) rice paper (C) craft paper (D) mill-board.
40. Which variety of mica is hard and brittle?
(A) Muscovite (B) Phlogopite (C) Fibiolite (D) Lipidolite.
41. Corona effect can be identified by
(A) bushy sparks (B) faint violet glow (C) red light (D) arcing between conductors and earth.
42. The phenomenon of corona is generally accompanied by
(A) a bang (B) a hissing sound (C) magnetic hum (D) all of the above.
43. Van de Graaff generators are useful for
(A) Very high voltage and low current applications
(B) Very high voltage and high current applications
(C) Constant high voltage and current applications
(D) High voltage pulses only.
44. In Van de Graaff generators output voltage is controlled by
(A) controlling the corona source voltage (B) controlling the belt speed
(C) controlling the lower spray point (D) any of the above.
45. A Tesla coil is a
(A) cascaded transformer (B) coreless transformer
(C) high frequency resonant transformer (D) low impedance transformer.

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. Air surrounding corona region gets converted into __________.

2. Corona is responsible for considerable loss of power from __________ voltage
transmission.
3. When the voltage is high corona appears like __________ glowing spots distributed along
the length of the wire.
4. In a Townsend discharge the current increases gradually as a function of the __________.
5. High dielectric strength of gases is attributed to __________ and __________.
6. In addition to insulating properties SF6 possesses excellent __________ properties.
7. Addition of 30% SF6 to air dielectrics, dielectric strength of air by about __________
percent.

EEE IV Yr II Sem Page 16

8. Under normal atmospheric conditions, the breakdown voltage for air is __________.
9. Corona loss is more in __________.
10. Disruptive discharge voltage is the voltage which produces the loss of __________
strength of an insulation.
WEBSITES:
1. www.cpri.in/
2. www. hve.iisc.ernet.i
3. www.epes.co.uk
4. www.nptel.ac.in
EXPERT DETAILS:
1) Prof V. Kama Raju Retired Principal JNTUK
2) Dr. S.S.Tulasiram,professor, JNTUH
JOURNALS:
1. Journal Of High Voltage Engineering (CHINA) , ISSN 1003-6520
2. ELSEVIER Journal Of High Voltage Engineering, Print ISBN 9780080242125,
Electronic ISBN 9781483285658
XVI. LIST OF TOPICS FOR STUDENT SEMINARS:
1. Applications of insulating materials
2. Townsend’s criteria of breakdown in gases
3. Measurement of High voltages (DC & AC)
4. Principles of Insulation Coordination on High voltage and Extra High Voltage power
systems. Testing of materials & electrical apparatus
XVII. CASE STUDIES / SMALL PROJECTS:
1. Novel application of labview in high voltage engineering
2. Impulse Generator and Lightning characteristics simulation using Orcad Pspice software
3. High-Voltage Measurement Techniques
4. High Voltage DC Upto 2kv from AC by Using Diode and Capacitors in Voltage
Multiplier
5. Circuit Over Voltage or Under Voltage Tripping Mechanis

EEE IV Yr I Sem Page 17