02

Motion in a Straight Line

TOPIC 1 then the escalator takes her up in x2 2

∫ dx = ∫ (At + Bt 2 ) dt
Terms Related to Motion time t 2 . The time taken by her to x1 1

walk up on the moving escalator ⇒

2 2
∆x = x 2 − x 1 = A ∫ t dt + B ∫ t 2 dt
01 A person travelling in a straight line will be [NEET 2017]
1
2
1

t1 + t2
2
t1 t2 t 2  t 3 
moves with a constant velocity v 1 (a) (b) =A  + B 
for certain distance ‘x’ and with a 2 t2 − t1  2 1  3 1
constant velocity v 2 for next equal t1 t2 A 2 B
(c) (d) t1 − t2 = (2 − 1 ) + (23 − 13 )
2

distance. The average velocity v is t2 + t1 2 3

given by the relation ∴ Distance travelled between 1s and2s is
Ans. (c) A B 3A 7 B
[NEET (Odisha) 2019] h ∆x = × (3) + (7) = +
1 1 1 2 1 1 Speed of walking = = v1 2 3 2 3
(a) = + (b) = + t1
v v1 v2 v v1 v2 h
Speed of escalator = = v 2 04 Two cars P and Q start from a point
v v + v2 t2
(c) = 1 (d) v = v 1v 2 at the same time in a straight line
2 2 Time taken when she walks over running and their positions are represented
Ans. (b) escalator by X P (t) = at + bt 2 and
h
For distance x, the person moves with ⇒ t= X Q (t) = ft − t 2 . At what time do the
constant velocity v 1 and for another x v1 + v2
cars have the same velocity?
distance, he moves with constant 1 v1 v2 1 1
velocity of v 2 , then ⇒ = + = + [NEET 2016]
t h h t1 t2 a−f a+f
Total distance travelled, D = x + x = 2x (a) (b)
⇒
tt
t= 1 2 1+ b 2 (b − 1)
Total time-taken,T = t 1 + t 2 t1 + t2 a+f f −a
(c) (d)
x x  Distance  2 (1 + b ) 2 (1 + b )
= + Q t = Velocity 
v1 v2   03 If the velocity of a particle is
Ans. (d)
v = At + Bt 2 , where A and B are
The average velocity, Velocity of each car is given by
constants, then the distance dx (t)
total distance D
Vav = = travelled by it between 1s and 2s is VP = p = a + 2bt
total time T dt
[NEET 2016]
dx (t)
2x 2 3 7 and VQ = Q = f − 2t
v= = [Qv av = v] (a) 3A + 7B (b) A + B dt
x x 1 1 2 3
+ + It is given thatVP = VQ
v1 v2 v1 v2 A B 3
(c) + (d) A + 4B3 ⇒ a + 2bt = f − 2t
1 1 2 2 3 2 f −a
⇒ + = ⇒ t=
v1 v2 v Ans. (b) 2 (b + 1)
Velocity of the particle is given as
02 Preeti reached the metro station v = At + Bt 2 05 A particle of unit mass undergoes
and found that the escalator was where A and B are constants. one-dimensional motion such that
not working. She walked up the dx  dx  its velocity varies according to
⇒ = At + Bt 2 Q v = dt 
stationary escalator in time t 1 . On dt   v (x) = β x −2 n where, β and n are
other days, if she remains ⇒ dx = (At + Bt 2 ) dt constants and x is the position of
stationary on the moving escalator, Integrating both sides, we get the particle. The acceleration of
Motion in a Straight Line 9
1 1
the particle as a function of x, is 08 A particle moves a distance x in (a) f0T (b) f0T 2 (c) f0T 2 (d) f0T
given by 2 2
[CBSE AIPMT 2015] time t according to the equation
(a) −2nβ 2 x −2n − 1 (b) −2nβ 2 x −4 n − 1 x = (t + 5) −1 . The acceleration of Ans. (d)
−2 n + 1 −4 n + 1
(c) −2β x 2
(d) −2nβ e 2
particle is proportional to Acceleration
f = f0  1 − 
Ans. (b) [CBSE AIPMT 2010] t
−2 n (a) (velocity)3/ 2 (b) (distance) 2  T
Given, v = βx
dv dx dv (c) (distance) – 2 (d) (velocity) 2/ 3  dv 
= f0  1 − 
a= = ⋅ dv t
or f= Qf = dt 
dt dt dx Ans. (a) dt  T  
dv
⇒ a = v = (βx −2 n )(− 2nβx −2 n − 1 ) Given, distance x = (t + 5) −1 …(i)
or dv = f0  1 −  dt
t
dx …(i)
− 4n − 1 Differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. t, we get  T
⇒ a = − 2nβ x 2

dx −1 Integrating Eq. (i) on both sides,

= (v) = …(ii)
06 The motion of a particle along a dt (t + 5) 2  1 − t  dt
straight line is described by equation Again, differentiating Eq. (ii) w.r.t.t, we get
∫ dv = ∫ f 0 
 T


x = 8 + 12t − t 3 d2 x
= (a) =
2
…(iii) ∴
f0 t 2
v = f0 t −
⋅ +c …(ii)
where, x is in metre and t in sec. dt 2 (t + 5) 3 T 2
where, c is constant of integration.
The retardation of the particle Comparing Eqs. (ii) and (iii), we get
when its velocity becomes zero, is (a) ∝ (v) 3 / 2 Now, whent = 0, v = 0.
[CBSE AIPMT 2012] So, from Eq. (ii), we get c = 0
(a) 24 ms −2 (b) zero 09 A bus is moving with a speed of f t2
∴ v = f0 t − 0 ⋅ …(iii)
(c) 6 ms −2 (d) 12 ms −2 10 ms −1 on a straight road. A T 2
scooterist wishes to overtake the 
f = f0  1 − 
Ans. (d) t
As,
Concept Double differentiation of bus in 100 s. If the bus is at a  T
displacement equation gives distance of 1 km from the
When,f = 0,
acceleration and single differentiation scooterist, with what speed should
0 = f0  1 − 
gives velocity of the body. t
the scooterist chase the bus?  T
Given, x = 8 + 12t − t 3 [CBSE AIPMT 2009]
t
We know v =
dx (a) 20 ms −1 (b) 40 ms −1 As, f0 ≠ 0, so, 1 − =0
dt (c) 25 ms −1 (d) 10 ms −1 T

and accelerationa =
dv ∴ t =T
Ans. (a)
dt
Let v be the relative velocity of Substituting,t = T in Eq. (iii), we get
So, v = 12 − 3t 2 and a = −6t scooter (s) w.r.t. bus (B), then f0 T 2 fT 1
At t = 2 s vx = f0T − ⋅ = f0T − 0 = f0T
v = vS − vB T 2 2 2
v = 0 and a = − 6 × 2
S B
a = − 12 m/s 2 11 A car moves from X to Y with a
So, retardation of the particle = 12 m/s . 2
1 km uniform speed v u and returns to X
u = 10 ms–1
with a uniform speed v d . The
07 A body is moving with velocity 30 ∴ vS = v + vB …(i) average speed for this round trip is
m/s towards East. After 10s, its Relative velocity = Displacement / Time [CBSE AIPMT 2007]
velocity becomes 40 m/s towards =
1000
= 10 ms −1
2 vd v u
(a) (b) v u vd
North. The average acceleration of 100 vd + v u
the body is [CBSE AIPMT 2011] Now, substituting the value of v in Eq. (i), vd v u v u + vd
(a) 7 m / s 2 (b) 7 m / s 2 we get (c) (d)
vd + v u 2
(c) 5 m / s 2 (d) 1 m / s 2 vS = 10 + 10 = 20 ms −1
Ans. (c) Ans. (a)
10 A particle moving along x-axis has Total distance travelled
Average acceleration Average speed =
Change in velocity acceleration f, at time t, given by Time taken
n=  t Let t 1 and t 2 be times taken by the car to
Total time f = f0 1 −  , where f0 andT are
 T go from X to Y and then fromY to X
| vf − vi | 30 2 + 40 2 respectively.
a= = constants. The particle at t = 0 has
∆t 10 XY XY
zero velocity. In the time interval Then, t 1 + t 2 = +
900 + 1600
= = 5 ms −2
between t = 0 and the instant when vu vd
10
f = 0, the particle’s velocity (v x ) is  v u + vd 
[CBSE AIPMT 2007] = XY  
 v v 
 u d 
10 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

Total distance travelled = XY + XY = 2XY the value of timet in displacement Ans. (b)
Therefore, average speed of the car for equation we get the distance travelled Concept On double differentiation
this round trip is by the body when it comes to rest. of displacement equation gives
2 v u vd Distance travelled by the particle is acceleration of body
2XY
vav = or vav = x = 40 + 12 t – t 3 d 2x
 v u + vd  v u + vd i.e. a= 2
XY   We know that, velocity is the rate of dt
 v v 
 u d  dx
change of distance i.e. v = . The displacement of a particle along a
dt straight line is
12 The position x of a particle w.r.t. d s = 3 t 3 + 7t 2 + 14 t + 5 ...(i)
∴ v = (40 + 12 t –t ) 3
time t along x-axis is given by dt Differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t. time, which
x = 9t 2 − t 3 , where x is in metre and = 0 + 12 – 3 t 2 gives the velocity
t in sec. What will be the position of ds d
but final velocity v = 0 v= = (3 t 3 + 7t 2 + 14 t + 5)
this particle when it achieves dt dt
∴ 12 –3 t 2 = 0
maximum speed along the + x d d d d
12
t2 = = 4 = (3 t 3 ) + (7t 2 ) + (14 t) + (5)
direction? [CBSE AIPMT 2007] or dt dt dt dt
3
(a) 32 m (b) 54 m d d d
(c) 81 m (d) 24 m or t =2s v = 3 (t 3 ) + 7 (t 2 ) + 14 (t) + 0 ...(ii)
dt dt dt
Hence, distance travelled by the particle
Ans. (b) (as differentiation of a constant is zero)
before coming to rest is given by
Given, the position x of a particle w.r.t.
x = 40 + 12 (2) – (2) 3 d
Now use (x n ) = nx n − 1
time t along x-axis
= 40 + 24 – 8 dt
x = 9t 2 − t 3 …(i) = 64 – 8 = 56 m So, v = 3 (3) t 3 − 1 + 7 (2) (t 2 – 1 ) + 14 (t 1 − 1 )
Differentiating Eq. (i), w.r.t. time, we get
⇒ v = 9 t 2 + 14 t + 14 ....(iii)
speed, i.e. 14. The displacement x of a particle
dx d (Q t 0 = 1)
v= = (9t 2 − t 3 ) varies with time t as Again differentiating Eq. (iii) w.r.t. time,
dt dt x = ae − αt + be βt , where a, b,α and β which gives the acceleration
or v = 18t − 3t 2 …(ii) are positive constants. The velocity dv d
Again differentiating Eq. (ii), with respect a = = (9t 2 + 14t + 14)
of the particle will dt dt
to time, we get acceleration, i.e. [CBSE AIPMT 2005] = 18 t + 14 + 0 = 18t + 14
dv d (a) decrease with time
a= = (18t − 3t 2 ) At t = 1 s,
dt dt (b) be independent of α and β a = 18(1) + 14 = 18 + 14 = 32 m/s 2
or a = 18 − 6t …(iii) (c) drop to zero when α = β
Now, when speed of particle is (d) increase with time 16. The position x of a particle varies
maximum, its acceleration is zero, i.e. Ans. (d) with time t, as x = at 2 − bt 3 . The
a =0 Given, x = ae − αt + be βt acceleration of the particle will be
i.e. 18 − 6t = 0 or t = 3 s dx zero at time t equals to
Velocity v = = − aαe − αt + bβe βt [CBSE AIPMT 1997]
Putting in Eq. (i), we obtain position of dt
particle at the time a
=A+ B (a) zero (b)
x = 9(3) − (3) = 9(9) − 27
2 3 3b
where, A = − aαe − αt 2a a
= 81 − 27 = 54 m (c) (d)
B = bβ e βt 3b b
The value of term A = − aαe − αt Ans. (b)
13 A particle moves along a straight decreases and of term B = bβe βt
dv d 2 x
line OX. At a time t (in second), the increases with time. As a result, velocity Acceleration,a = = ,
distance x (in metre) of the particle goes on increasing with time. dt dt 2
from O is given by dx
Velocity v = .
15. A particle moves along a straight dt
x = 40 + 12 t – t 3
line such that its displacement at The given equation is
How long would the particle travel any time t is given by
before coming to rest? x = at 2 − bt 3
s = 3 t 3 + 7 t 2 + 14 t + 5 .The dx
[CBSE AIPMT 2006]
acceleration of the particle at Velocity, v = = 2 at − 3bt 2
(a) 24 m (b) 40 m (c) 56 m (d) 16 m dt
t = 1s is [CBSE AIPMT 2000]
dv
Ans. (c) (a) 18 m /s 2 Accelerationa = = 2 a − 6bt
Concept First X by X differentiating dt
(b) 32 m /s 2
displacement equation we get velocity but a =0 (given)
(c) 29 m /s 2
of the body, since body comes to rest so 2a a
velocity becomes zero. Now by putting (d) 24 m /s 2 ∴ 2 a − 6bt = 0 or 6bt = 2a or t = =
6b 3b
Motion in a Straight Line 11

17. A car accelerates from rest at a Accelerationa is given by s

=
constant rate α for some time, (s /3) (s /3) (s /3)
a=
dv + +
after which it decelerates at a dt 10 20 60
s
constant rate β and comes to rest. ∴ a = 6t − 12 …(ii) = = 18 km/h
(s /18)
If the total time elapsed is t, then For a = 0, we have0 = 6t − 12
the maximum velocity acquired by or t =2s
the car is [CBSE AIPMT 1994]
21. A car moves a distance of 200 m. It
Hence, att = 2 s the velocity will be covers the first-half of the distance
 α 2 + β2   α 2 − β2 
(a)  t (b)  t v = 3 × 22 − 12 × 2 + 3 = − 9ms−1 at speed 40 km/h and the
 αβ   αβ 
second-half of distance at speed
(α + β) t  αβ t  19. A train of 150 m length is going vkm / h. The average speed is
(c) (d)  
αβ  α + β towards North direction at a speed 48 km/h. Find the value of v.
of 10 m/s. A parrot flies at the [CBSE AIPMT 1991]
Ans. (d)
speed of 5 m/s towards South (a) 56 km/h (b) 60 km/h
This situation is plotted on (v-t) graph. In
(v-t) graph, OA represents the direction parallel to the railways (c) 50 km/h (d) 48 km/h
accelerated part and AB represents the track. The time taken by the parrot Ans. (b)
decelerated part. to cross the train is Total distance
v [CBSE AIPMT 1992]
Average speed =
Total time
(a) 12 s (b) 8 s (c) 15 s (d) 10 s Let t 1 , t 2 be time taken during first-half
A Ans. (d) and second-half respectively.
vmax
β Concept Velocity of A w.r.t. B is given by 100
a So, t1 = s
vAB = vA − vB . 40
A' t2 100
t Relative velocity of the parrot w.r.t. and t2 = s
O t1 B the train v
Let t 1 and t 2 be the times for part OA and = [10 − (− 5)] ms−1 = 15 ms−1 . So, according to average speed formula
AB respectively. Time taken by the parrot to cross the train 200
48 =
At point A velocity is maximum and let it 150  100  +  100 
= = 10 s    
be vmax . 15  40   v 
∴ vmax = αt 1 = βt 2 or
1 1 2
+ = =
1
v
But t = t 1 + t 2 = max + max
v 20. A bus travelling the first one-third 40 v 48 24
α β distance at a speed of 10 km/h, the 1 2 1
or = =
 1 1 α + β next one-third at 20 km/h and the v 120 60
= vmax  +  = vmax  
α β  αβ  last one-third at 60 km/h. The ⇒ v = 60 km/h
 αβ  average speed of the bus is
or vmax =t   [CBSE AIPMT 1991] 22. A car covers the first-half of the
α + β
(a) 9 km/h (b) 16 km/h distance between two places at 40
Alternative (c) 18 km/h (d) 48 km/h km/h and other half at 60 km/h.
This problem can also be solved by The average speed of the car is
Ans. (c)
checking the dimensions on both sides. [CBSE AIPMT 1990]
On checking the dimensions we note Concept Average speed can be
that the dimensions of option (d) match calculated as the total distance travelled (a) 40 km/h (b) 48 km/h
with that of velocity. divided by the total time takn. (c) 50 km/h (d) 60 km/h
P R S Q
Ans. (b)
18. A particle moves along a straight s/3 s/3 s/3 Let the distance between two places be
line such that its displacement at s d and t 1 is time taken by car to travel
any time t is given by first-half length,t 2 is time taken by car to
travel second-half length. Time taken by
s = (t 3 − 6t 2 + 3t + 4) m Let t 1 , t 2 , t 3 be times taken in covering
car to travel first-half length,
distances PR, RS and SQ respectively.
The velocity when the (s /3) (s /3) d 
acceleration is zero, is ∴ t1 = , t2 =  
10 20  2 d
[CBSE AIPMT 1994] t1 = =
(s /3) 40 80
−1 and t 3 =
(a) 3 ms (b) −12 ms −1 60 Time taken by car to travel second-half
(c) 42 ms −1 (d) −9 ms −1 Total distance
∴ Average speed = length,
Ans. (d) Total time d 
Given, s = t 3 − 6t 2 + 3t + 4  
=
s  2 d
t2 = =
∴ Velocity v =
ds
= 3t 2 − 12t + 3 …(i) t1 + t2 + t3 60 120
dt
12 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

∴ Total time = t 1 + t 2 and there is no acceleration in the Ans. (b)

d d x-direction, a x = 0 ms−2
= + According to question, time taken by the
80 120 In y-direction,a y = 10 ms−2 ball to cross the window,
 1 1  d Now, we shall determine the net t = 0.1 s
=d  + = acceleration
 80 120  48 h = 1.5 m
at t = 6 s, a = a x2 + a y2
∴ Average speed u m/s
d d ⇒ a = (0) + (10) 2 ⇒ a = 10 ms−2
= = = 48 km/h Window
t1 + t2  d  1.5 m
 
 48  24. A small block slides down on a
Alternative smooth inclined plane, starting
2v1 v2 2 × 40 × 60 from rest at time t = 0. Let s n be If u be the velocity at the top most point
vav = = = 48 km/h
v1 + v2 40 + 60 the distance travelled by the block of the window, then from equation of
in the interval t = n − 1 to t = n. Then, motion,
s 1
TOPIC 2 the ratio n is h = ut + gt 2
2
sn + 1
Kinematics Equations of [NEET 2021]
⇒
1
1.5 = u × 0.1 + × 10 × (0.1) 2
2n − 1 2n − 1 2n + 1 2n
Uniformly Accelerated Motion (a) (b) (c) (d) 2
2n 2n + 1 2n − 1 2n − 1
⇒ 1.5 = 0.1u + 0.05
Ans. (b) 1.5 − 0.05 145
.
23. A car starts from rest and ⇒ u= = = 14.5 m/ s
Distance covered nth seconds is s n . 0.1 0.1
accelerates at
5 m/s 2 . At t = 4s, a ball is dropped Distance covers in (n+ 1) th seconds
is s n + 1 . 26. A ball is thrown vertically
out of a window by a person sitting
Initial velocity of small block, u = 0 downward with a velocity of 20 m/s
in the car. What is the velocity and
Distance cover in nth seconds, from the top of a tower. It hits the
acceleration of the ball at t = 6 s? a
s n = u + (2n − 1)
ground after some time with a
(Take, g = 10 m/s 2 ) [NEET 2021]
2 velocity of 80 m/s. The height of
(a) 20 m/s, 5 m/s 2 a the tower is (g =10 m/s 2 )
⇒ s n = 0 + (2n − 1)
(b) 20 m/s, 0 2 [NEET (Sep.) 2020]
(c) 20 2 m/s, 0 a (a) 340 m
⇒ s n = (2n − 1) …(i)
(d) 20 2 m/s,10 m/s 2 2 (b) 320 m
Distance cover in (n+ 1)th seconds, (c) 300 m
Ans. (d)
a (d) 360 m
Given, the initial velocity of a car, u = 0 s n + 1 = u + [2(n + 1) − 1]
2 Ans. (c)
The acceleration of a car,a = 5 m/s2
a Given, u = 20 m/s, v = 80 m/s and h = ?
At t = 4 s, v = u + at ⇒ s n + 1 = 0 + (2n + 2 − 1)
2 From kinematic equation of motion,
⇒ v = 0 + (5)4 ⇒ v = 20 m/s a
Thus, the final velocity of car at t = 4 s is ⇒ s n + 1 = (2n + 1) …(ii) v 2 = u 2 + 2gh
2 v2 − u2
20 m/s. ⇒ h=
On dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get 2g
At t = 4 s, the ball is dropped out of a
a
window by a person sitting in the car. (2n − 1) (80) 2 − (20) 2
sn
=2 = (Q given, g = 10 m/s 2 )
The velocity of the ball in the x-direction,
s n + 1 a (2n + 1) 2 × 10
v x = 20 m/s (due to the car) 2 = 300 m
Therefore, in the y-direction, the sn (2n − 1) Hence, correct option is (c).
acceleration is equal to the acceleration ⇒ =
s n + 1 (2n + 1)
due to gravity,
27. A person standing on the floor of
a y = g = 10 m/s2
25. A person sitting in the ground floor an elevator drops a coin. The coin
The velocity of the ball in the y-direction,
of a building notices through the reaches the floor in time t 1 if the
v y = u + a yt ⇒ v y = 0 + 10 × 2
window of height 1.5 m, a ball dropped elevator is at rest and in time t 2 if
⇒ v y = 20 m / s
from the roof of the building the elevator is moving uniformly.
Thus, the velocity of the ball in
crosses the window in 0.1 s. What is The which of the following option is
y-direction is 20 m/s.
the velocity of the ball when it is at correct? [NEET (Odisha) 2019]
The net velocity at t = 6s,
the topmost point of the window? (a) t < t or t > t depending upon
v = v x2 + v y2 ⇒ v = (20) 2 + (20) 2 1 2 1 2
whether the lift is going up or down
(g = 10 m/s )
2
[NEET (Oct.) 2020]
⇒ v = 20 2 m/s (b) t1 < t2
(a) 15.5 m/s (b) 14.5 m/s
Thus, the velocity of the ball at t = 6 s is (c) t1 > t2
(c) 4.5 m/s (d) 20 m/s
20 2 m/s. (d) t1 = t2
Motion in a Straight Line 13

Ans. (d) The displacement of the particle is given as (a) h1 = 2 h2 = 3h3

Let h be the height through which the 1 h h
s = ut + at 2 (b) h1 = 2 = 3
coin is dropped. Then, according to the 2 3 5
equation of motion, it is given as
For t = 0 to t = 1s, (c) h2 = 3h1 and h3 = 3h2
1 2 2h (d) h1 = h2 = h3
h = ut + gt ⇒ t = [Qu = 0] u = 0,a = + 6m/ s2
2 g 1 Ans. (b)
1 ⇒ s 1 = 0 + × 6 × (1) 2 = 3 m
⇒t ∝ 2 For free fall from a height, u = 0
g ∴ Distance covered by stone in first 5 s,
For t = 1sto t= 2s,
1 25
As the elevator is moving uniformly i.e. u = 6 ms−1 , a = −6 ms−2 h1 = 0 + g (5) 2 = g …(i)
its velocity is constant, so the 2 2
1
⇒ s 2 = 6 × 1 − × 6 × (1) 2 = 6 − 3 = 3m
acceleration is zero. 2 ∴ Distance covered in first 10 s,
∴Relative acceleration of the lift when it For t = 2sto t = 3 s,
1
s 2 = 0 + g (10) 2 =
100
g
is either moving upward or downward is 2 2
u = 0,a = −6ms−1
given as, g ′ = g ± a = g ± 0 = g ∴ Distance covered in second 5 s
1
Hence, the time for the coin to reach the ⇒ s 3 = 0 − × 6 × (1) 2 = −3m
100 25 72
2 h2 = s 2 − h1 = g − g = g …(ii)
floor will remains same i.e. t 1 = t 2 . 2 2 2
∴ Net displacement, s = s 1 + s 2 + s 3
28. A toy car with charge q moves on a = 3 m + 3 m − 3 m= 3 m Distance covered in first 15 s,
Hence, average velocity 1 225
frictionless horizontal plane s 3 = 0 + g (15) 2 = g
Net displacement 3 2 2
surface under the influence of a = = = 1m s−1
Total time 3 ∴ Distance covered in last 5 s,
uniform electric field E. Due to the
Total distance travelled,d = 9m 225 100 125
force qE, its velocity increases Total distance h3 = s 3 − s 2 = g− g= g …(iii)
from 0 to 6 m/s in one second Hence, average speed = 2 2 2
Total time
duration. At that instant, the From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
9
direction of the field is reversed. = = 3 m s−1 25 75 125
3 h1 :h2 :h3 = g : g : g = 1 :3 : 5
The car continues to move for two 2 2 2
Alternative Method
more seconds under the influence h2 h3
Given condition can be represented ⇒ h1 = =
of this field. The average velocity through graph also as shown below. 3 5
and the average speed of the toy
v 30. A boy standing at the top of a tower
car between 0 to 3 seconds are (ms–1)+6
A
respectively [NEET 2018] of 20 m height drops a stone.
(a) 1 m/s, 3.5 m/s Assuming,g = 10 ms −2 , the velocity
O¢ t=2 t=3
(b) 1 m/s, 3 m/s with which it hits the ground is
O t=1 B D t(s)
[CBSE AIPMT 2011]
(c) 2 m/s, 4 m/s
(d) 1.5 m/s, 3 m/s (a) 20 m/s (b) 40 m/s
–6 (c) 5 m/s (d) 10 m/s
Ans. (b) C
Ans. (a)
According to the question,
∴Displacement in three seconds Given, g = 10 m/s 2 and h = 20 m
For the time duration0 < t < 1 s,
−1 = Area under the graph We have v = 2gh = 2 × 10 × 20
the velocity increase from 0 to 6 ms
As the direction of field has been = Area of ∆OAO′ + Area of ∆AO′B − Area = 400 = 20 m/s
reversed for, 1 < t < 2 s: the velocity firstly of ∆BCD
decreases from 6ms−1 to 0. 1 1 1 31. A ball is dropped from a high rise
= × 1 × 6 + × 1 × 6 − × 6 × 1 = 3m
Then, for 2 < t < 3 s;as the field strength is 2 2 2 platform at t = 0 starting from rest.
same; the magnitude of acceleration 3 After 6 s, another ball is thrown
would be same, but velocity increases ∴ Average velocity = = 1 ms−1 .
from 0 to − 6ms−1 .
3 downwards from the same
Total distance travelled,d = 9m platform with a speed v. The two
0<t<1s 1<t<2s
A
B 9
∴ Average speed = = 3ms−1 balls meet at t = 18 s. What is the
v=0 a v = 6 ms−1 − a C 3
v=0 value of v?
D
v = − 6 ms−1− a (Take g = 10ms −2 )
2 < t < 3s 29. A stone falls freely under gravity. It [CBSE AIPMT 2010]
covers distances h 1 , h2 and h3 in the (a) 74 ms −1
Acceleration of the car
first 5s, the next 5s and the next 5s (b) 55 ms −1
v−u 6−0
|a | = = = 6ms−2 respectively. The relation between (c) 40 ms −1
t 1
h 1 , h2 and h3 is [NEET 2013] (d) 60 ms −1
14 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

Ans. (a) 34. The distance travelled by a particle Ans. (c)

For first ball, u = 0 starting from rest and moving with From equation of motion time taken by
∴
1 1
s 1 = gt 12 = × g (18) 2 4 ball to reach maximum height v = u − gt
an acceleration ms −2 , in the
2 2 3 At maximum height,
For second ball, initial velocity = v third-second is [CBSE AIPMT 2008] final speed is zero i.e. v = 0
1 u
∴ s 2 = vt 2 + gt 2 So, u = gt or t =
2 (a) 6 m (b) 4 m g
t 2 = 18 − 6 = 12 s 10 19
(c) m (d) m In 2 s, u = 2 × 9.8 = 196
. m/s
1 3 3 If man throws the ball with velocity of
⇒ s 2 = v × 12 + g (12) 2
2 Ans. (c) 19.6 m/s then after 2 s it will reach the
Distance travelled in nth second is given maximum height. When he throws 2nd
Here, s1 = s2 ball, 1st is at top. When he throws third
1 1 by
g (18) 2 = 12v + g (12) 2 ball, 1st will come to ground and 2nd will
2 2 1
s n = u + a (2 n − 1) be at the top. Therefore, only 2 balls are
⇒ v = 74 ms −1 2 in air. If he wants to keep more than 2
4 balls in air he should throw the ball with a
Here, u = 0, a = speed greater than 19.6 m/s.
32. A particle starts its motion from rest 3
under the action of a constant ∴
1 4
s 3 = 0 + × × (6 − 1) =
10
m 37. If a ball is thrown vertically upwards
force. If the distance covered in first 2 3 3
with speed u, the distance covered
10 s is s 1 and that covered in the
35. Two bodies A (of mass 1 kg) andB (of during the lastt sec of its ascent is
first 20 s is s2 , then [CBSE AIPMT 2003]
[CBSE AIPMT 2009] mass 3 kg) are dropped from heights 1
(a) s 2 = 2 s 1 (b) s 2 = 3 s 1 of 16 m and 25 m, respectively. The (a) ut − gt 2 (b) (u + gt) t
2
(c) s 2 = 4 s 1 (d) s 2 = s 1 ratio of the time taken by them to 1 2
reach the ground is (c) ut (d) gt
Ans. (c) 2
[CBSE AIPMT 2006]
Since, the body starts from rest u = 0 Ans. (d)
1 (a) –5 /4 (b) 12 /5
∴ s = at 2 Let the ball takesT second to reach
2 (c) 5/12 (d) 4/5
maximum heightH. v = u − gT
1 Ans. (d)
Now, s 1 = a (10) 2 …(i)
2 For free fall from a height, u = 0 (initial B
v=0
1 velocity).
and s 2 = a (20) 2 …(ii)
2 From second equation of motion
C
1
Dividing Eq. (i) and Eq. (ii), we get h = ut + gt 2
s 1 (10) 2 2 H
= 1 2
s 2 (20) 2 or h = 0 + gt
2 u
⇒ s 2 = 4s 1 2
h1  t 1  A
∴ = 
33. A particle moves in a straight line h2  t 2 
put v = 0
with a constant acceleration. It
Given, h 1 = 16 m, h2 = 25 m (at heightH)
changes its velocity from 10 ms −1 to
20 ms −1 while passing through a ∴
t1
=
h1
=
16 4
=
∴ u = gT
u
distance 135 m in t sec. The value t2 h2 25 5 or T= …(i)
g
of t is [CBSE AIPMT 2008]
Velocity attained by the ball in (T − t) s is,
(a) 10 (b) 1.8 36. A man throws balls with the same
(c) 12 (d) 9 v ′= u − g (T − t) = u − gT + gt
speed vertically upwards one after u
Ans. (d) the other at an interval of 2 s. What = u − g + gt = u − u + gt
g
Using v2 − u 2 = 2as should be the speed of the throw
v ′= gt ...(ii)
(20) 2 − (10) 2 = 2 × a × 135 so that more than two balls are in
Hence, distance travelled in last t sec of
300 10 the sky at any time? (Take
⇒ =a = its ascent
270 9 g = 9.8 m / s2 ) [CBSE AIPMT 2003] 1 1
CB = v ′t − gt 2 = (gt) t − gt 2
Now, using v − u = at (a) Any speed less than 19.6 m/s 2 2
10
20 − 10 = ×t (b) Only with speed 19.6 m/s 1
= gt 2 − gt 2 [From Eq. (ii)]
9 (c) More than 19.6 m/s 2
⇒ t =9s (d) At least 9.8 m/s 1
= gt 2
2
Motion in a Straight Line 15

38. A stone is thrown vertically s ∝ v2 41. If a ball is thrown vertically upwards

upwards. When stone is at a height v 
2 2 with a velocity of 40 m /s, then
=  2  =   = 4
s2 80
half of its maximum height, its ∴ velocity of the ball after 2s will be
s 1  v1   40 
speed is 10 m/s, then the maximum (g = 10m / s2 ) [CBSE AIPMT 1996]
height attained by the stone is ∴ s 2 = 4s 1 = 4 × 2
(a) 15 m/s (b) 20 m/s
(g =10 m /s 2 ) [CBSE AIPMT 2001] =8m (c) 25 m/s (d) 28 m/s
(a) 8 m (b) 10 m Alternative Ans. (b)
(c) 15 m (d) 20 m Initial speed of car u = 40 km / h v
Ans. (b) 5 100
= 40 × m / s = m/s u = 40 m/s a=–g
Let u be the initial velocity and H be the 18 9
maximum height attained. From 3rd equation of motion,
H v2 = u 2 − 2as
At heighth = , we have v = v1 = 10 m/s
2 2 Here, initial velocity of ball u = 40 m/s
 100 
⇒ 0=  −2×a ×2
From third equation of motion,  9  Acceleration of ball a = − g m/s 2
v = u − 2 gh
2 2
100 × 100 = − 10 m/s 2
4a =
1
 Negative sign indicates that velocity and  Time = 2 s
  81
 acceleration are in opposite direction  2500 From first equation of motion,
H ⇒ a= m / s2
or (10) 2 = u 2 − 2g …(i) 81 v = u + at = 40 − 10 × 2
2
Final speed of car = 80 km/h ⇒ v = 20 m/s
At height H, v2 = 0
5 200
= 80 × = m/s 42. Three different objects of masses
v22 = u 2 − 2 gH or 0 = u 2 − 2 gH …(ii) 18 9
m 1 , m2 and m3 are allowed to fall
Subtract Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get Suppose car stops for a distance s ′.
from rest and from the same point
H (10) 2 Then
(10) 2 = 2 g or H = O along three different frictionless
2 g v2 = u 2 − 2as ′
2 2
paths. The speeds of the three
(10)  200  2500
or H= = 10 m 0=  −2× s′ objects on reaching the ground will
10  9  81 be in the ratio of [CBSE AIPMT 1995]
Alternative 200 × 200 × 81 (a) m1 : m2 : m3
⇒ s′ = =8m
Maximum height attained by the stone 9 × 9 × 2 × 2500 (b) m1 :2 m2 : 3 m3
u2
H= (c) 1 :1 :1
2g 40. If a car at rest, accelerates 1 1 1
H uniformly to a speed of 144 km / h (d) : :
When, H = , u = 10 m / s m1 m2 m3
2 in 20s, it covers a distance of
H (10) 2 100 [CBSE AIPMT 1997] Ans. (c)
= or H = = 10 m When an object falls freely under gravity,
2 2g 10 (a) 2880 m (b) 1440 m
(c) 400 m (d) 20 m then its speed depends only on its height
of fall and is independent of the mass of
39. A car moving with a speed of Ans. (c) the object. As all objects are falling
40 km/h can be stopped after 2 m Concept First of all find acceleration through the same height, therefore their
by applying brakes. If the same car from the given values and then using speeds on reaching the ground will be in
equation of motion calculate distance the ratio of 1 : 1 : 1.
is moving with a speed of 80 km/h, travelled.
what is the minimum stopping Given,
distance? [CBSE AIPMT 1998]
Initial velocity u = 0, time t = 20s h u=0
(a) 8 m (b) 2 m
(c) 4 m (d) 6 m Final velocity v = 144 km/h = 40 m/s
v
From 1st equation of motion,
Ans. (a)
According to conservation of energy, the v = u + at Alternative
kinetic energy of car = work done in v − u 40 – 0 The vertical displacement for all the three
⇒ a= = = 2 m/s 2
stopping the car t 20 is same and paths are frictionless. So, by
1 conservation of mechanical energy,
i.e. mv2 = Fs Now, from 2nd equation of motion,
1
2 1 mv2 = mgl
distance covered, s = ut + at 2 2
where, F is the retarding force and s is 2
the stopping distance. 1 ⇒ v = 2gl
= 0 + × 2 × (20) 2 = 400 m
For same retarding force, 2 So, v1 : v2 : v3 = 1 : 1 : 1
16 NEET Chapterwise Topicwise Physics

43. The water drops fall at regular  As motion of body is along  48. What will be the ratio of the
 
intervals from a tap 5 m above the  the acceleration due to gravity. distance moved by a freely falling
ground. The third drop is leaving ∴ Height of tower body from rest in 4th and 5th second
the tap at an instant when the first 1 1
of journey? [CBSE AIPMT 1989]
drop touches the ground. How far h = ut + gt 2 = (0 × 4) + × 10 × 42 (a) 4 : 5 (b) 7 : 9
2 2
above the ground is the second (c) 16 : 25 (d) 1 : 1
= 80 m
drop at that instant ? (Take Ans. (b)
g = 10m / s2 ) [CBSE AIPMT 1995]
46. A body starts from rest, what is the As distance travelled in nth sec is given by
(a) 1.25 m ratio of the distance travelled by 1
s n = u + a (2 n − 1)
(b) 2.50 m the body during the 4th and 3rd s? 2
(c) 3.75 m [CBSE AIPMT 1993] Here, u = 0, acceleration due to gravity
(d) 5.00 m 7 5 7 3 a = 9.8 m/s2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
Ans. (c) 5 7 3 7 1
∴ For 4th s, s 4 = × 9.8 (2 × 4 − 1)
Let t be the time interval of two drops. Ans. (a) 2
For third drop to fall 1
1
Distance travelled by the body in and for 5th s, s 5 = × 9.8 (2 × 5 − 1)
5 = g (2t) 2 [As u = 0] nth second is given by 2
2 a s4 7
1 2 5 s n = u + (2n − 1) ∴ =
or gt = …(i) 2 s5 9
2 4
Let x be the distance through which Here, u =0
a 49. A car is moving along a straight road
second drop falls for timet, then ∴ For 4th s, s 4 =
(2 × 4 − 1) with a uniform acceleration. It
1 5 2
x = gt 2 = m [from Eq. (i)] passes through two points P and Q
2 4 a separated by a distance with
and For 3th s, s 3 = (2 × 3 − 1)
Thus, height of second drop from ground 2 velocity 30 km/h and 40 km/h
5 15 s 4 (2 × 4 − 1) 7 respectively. The velocity of the car
=5− = = 3.75 m Hence, = =
4 4 s 3 (2 × 3 − 1) 5 midway between P and Q is
[CBSE AIPMT 1988]
44. A body is thrown vertically upwards 47. A body dropped from top of a (a) 33.3 km/h (b) 20 2 km/h
from the ground. It reaches a tower fall through 40 m during the (c) 25 2 km/h (d) 0.35 km/h
maximum height of 20 m in 5 s. last two seconds of its fall. The Ans. (c)
After what time it will reach the height of tower is (g = 10 m /s 2 ) Let x be the total distance between
ground from its maximum height [CBSE AIPMT 1991] points P and Q and v be the velocity of
position ? [CBSE AIPMT 1995] (a) 60 m (b) 45 m car while passing a certain middle point
(c) 80 m (d) 50 m of PQ. If a is the acceleration of the car,
(a) 2.5 s (b) 5 s
then
(c) 10 s (d) 25 s Ans. (b) 30 km/h 40 km/h
Ans. (b) Let the body falls through the height of v
Time taken by the body to reach the tower in t seconds. P R x/2 Q
ground from some height is the same as a
From s n = u + (2 n − 1), we have x
taken to reach that height. Hence, time 2
to reach the ground from its maximum For part PQ,
Total distance travelled in last 2 s of fall is
height is 5 s. 40 2 − 30 2 = 2ax
s = s t + s (t − 1 ) 350
or a= ...(i)
45. A stone released with zero velocity  g   g  x
= 0 + (2t − 1) + 0 + (2 (t − 1) − 1)
from the top of a tower, reaches  2   2  For part RQ,
the ground in 4 s. The height of the g g 40 2 − v2 =
2ax
= (2 t − 1) + (2 t − 3) …(ii)
tower is (g = 10 m /s 2 ) 2 2 2
[CBSE AIPMT 1995] g 10 Putting value of a from Eq. (i) in Eq. (ii),
= (4t − 4) = × 4 (t − 1)
(a) 20 m (b) 40 m 2 2 we have
(c) 80 m (d) 160 m or 40 = 20 (t − 1) or t = 2 + 1 = 3 s  350  x
Ans. (c) 40 2 − v2 = 2  
Distance travelled in t sec is  x 2
Initial velocity of stone u = 0 s = ut + at 2
1
Time to reach at groundt = 4 s 2 or 40 2 − v2 = 350 or
v2 = 1250
Accelerationa = + g = 10 m / s 2 1
= 0 + × 10 × 32 = 45 m
2 ⇒ v = 25 2 km/h
Motion in a Straight Line 17

51. The displacement-time graph of 52. Which of the following curves does
TOPIC 3 moving particle is shown below. not represent motion in one
Graphs in Motion s dimension? [CBSE AIPMT 1992]
v

50. A particle shows distance-time

Displacement
curve as given in this figure. The (a)
maximum instantaneous velocity of t
D E F
the particle is around the point C v
[CBSE AIPMT 2008] t
Time
(b)
D The instantaneous velocity of the
Distance

C particle is negative at the point t

[CBSE AIPMT 1994] v

B (a) D
A
(b) F (c)
Time
(c) C
(a) B (b) C t
(d) E
v
(c) D (d) A
Ans. (d)
Ans. (b) Instantaneous velocity is the slope of (d)
Maximum velocity point means, the point displacement-time graph. At point E, the
dx slope is negative so instantaneous
at which i.e. the slope of the graph is t
dt velocity of the particle is negative. At
maximum. points C and F, the slope is positive and Ans. (c)
At point C, slope is maximum. at D, the slope is zero.
In option (c), particle have two velocities
at a particular instant of time, which is
impossible.