02

Motion in a
Straight Line
TOPIC 1 (a) 3α + 7β
3 7
(b) α + β
Terms Related to Motion 2 3 where,v is speed and x is distance.
α β 3 7
(c) + (d) α + β On differentiating both sides of Eq. (i)
01 If the velocity of a body related to 2 3 2 2 with respect to timet, we get
displacement x is given by Ans. (b) d d
(t) = (mx2 + nx)
v = 5000 + 24x m/ s , then the Given, instantaneous velocity dt dt
(v) = αt + βt2  dx  dx dx
acceleration of the body is ...... ⇒ 1 = m2x  + n ⇒ 1 = (2mx + n)
Let distance travelled by particle be s  dt  dt dt
m/s 2 . [2021, 27 Aug Shift-I]
and t 1 and t2 be the initial and final time 1
Ans. (12) ⇒ v= …(ii)
i.e. t 1 = 1s and t2 = 2s 2mx + n
Velocity of body is ds
As, v= Now, on differentiating Eq. (ii) with
v = 5000 + 24x m/s dt respect to timet, we get
Acceleration of body can be calculated ⇒ ds = vdt ⇒ ds = (αt + βt2 )  dx 
as −1  2m 
Integrating both sides, we get dv  dt 
dv dv dx 2 =
a= = ×  t2 β t 3  dt (2mx + n)2
dt dx dt s =  α + 
dv  2 3  ⇒ a=
−2mv
…(iii)
1
⇒ a =v ...(i) (2mx + n)2
dx α β
= [22 − 12 ] + [23 − 13]
dv d 2 3 On squaring Eq. (ii) both sides, we get
= ( 5000 + 24x )
dx dx α β v2 =
1
= [4 − 1] + [8 − 1]
dv 1 2 3 (2mx + n)2
⇒ = × 24
dx 2( 5000 + 24x ) 3α 7β Substituting the value ofv2 in Eq. (iii), we
= +
12 2 3 get
=
5000 + 24x a = − 2mv ⋅v2 = −2mv 3
dv 03 The relation between time t and ∴Retardation = −a = 2mv 3
Substituting the value of in Eq. (i), we distance x for a moving body is
dx
get given as t = mx 2 + nx, where m and 04 A boy reaches the airport and finds
12 n are constants. The retardation of that the escalator is not working.
a = 5000 + 24x ×
5000 + 24x the motion is (when v stands for He walks up the stationary
= 12 m/s2 velocity) [2021, 25 July Shift-II] escalator in time t 1 . If he remains
(a) 2 mv 3 (b) 2 mnv 3 stationary on a moving escalator,
Thus, the acceleration of body is 12 m/s2 .
(c) 2 nv 3 (d) 2n2v 3 then the escalator takes him up in
02 The instantaneous velocity of a Ans. (a) time t 2 . The time taken by him to
particle moving in a straight line is walk up on the moving escalator
Given, distance-time relation
given as v = αt + βt 2 , where α and β will be [2021, 20 July Shift-II]
t = mx2 + nx …(i)
t1t2 t1 + t2
are constants. The distance Let a be the acceleration. (a) (b)
t2 − t1 2
travelled by the particle between 1s dv d  dx 
⇒ a= =   t1 t2
and 2s is [2021, 25 July Shift-II] dt dt  dt  (c) (d) t2 − t1
t2 + t1
 Ans. (c)
Let the length of escalator beL.
Also, suppose that the velocity of boy
with respect to escalator bev 1 and the
velocity of escalator be v2 .
∴Velocity of boy with respect to
stationary escalator can be given as
L vertical. When the balloon climbs
v1 = ...(i)
t1
06 A balloon is moving up in air
vertically above a point A on the
groun(d) When it is at a height h 1 , a
girl standing at a distance d (point
B) from A (see figure) sees it at an
angle 45° with respect to the
up a further height h 2 , it is seen at
07 The distance x covered by a
particle in one dimensional motion
varies with time t as
x 2 = at 2 + 2bt + c. If the
acceleration of the particle
depends on x as x − n , where n is an
integer, the value of n is …… .
[2020, 9 Jan Shift-I]

When escalator is moving and boy is at

an angle 60° with respect to the Ans. (3)
rest velocity of escalator can be given as vertical if the girl moves further by Given, displacement (x) and time (t)
L a distance 2.464 d (point C). Then, relation,
v2 = ...(ii)
t2 the height h 2 is x2 = at2 + 2bt + c …(i)
So, the resultant velocity can be given
(Given, tan30° = 0.5774) On differentiating Eq. (i) w.r.t.t, we get
[2020, 5 Sep Shift-I] dx
as when both escalator and boy are ⇒ 2x = 2at + 2b
moving, dt
v = v 1 + v2 ...(iii) or xv = at + b ...(ii)
From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get h2 Differentiating again, we have
L L v 1 1 dv dx  dx dv 
v= + ⇒ = + x ⋅ + v ⋅ = a Q = v and = A 
t 1 t2 L t 1 t2 dt dt  dt dt 
v t 1 + t2 L tt ⇒ xA + v2 = a ⇒ xA = a − v2
⇒ = ⇒ = 12 h1 2
v t 1 + t2 at + b 
xA = a − 
L t 1t2 45º 60º ⇒ 
t 1t2  x 
⇒ t= [Qt = L /v]
t 1 + t2 A d B 2.464 d C [from Eq. (ii), v = at + b / x]
ac − b2
(a) 1.464 d (b) d ⇒ A= ⇒ A ∝ x− 3
05 The velocity of a particle is (c) 0.464 d (d) 0.732 d x3
v = v 0 + gt + Ft 2 . Its position is x = 0 Ans. (b) Thus, n=3
at t = 0, then its displacement after
The given figure is shown below,
time (t = 1) is [2021, 17 March Shift-II] 08 A particle is moving with speed
g F E v = b x along positive X-axis.
(a) v 0 + g + F (b) v 0 + +
2 3 Calculate the speed of the particle
g h2 at time t = τ (assume that the
(c) v 0 + +F (d) v 0 + 2 g + 3F
2 particle is at origin at t = 0).
D [2019, 12 April Shift-II]
Ans. (b)
b τ 2
b τ 2
b 2τ
Given, equation of velocity,
h1 (a) (b) (c) b 2 τ (d)
v = v 0 + gt + Ft2 45° 60° 4 2 2
45° 30° Ans. (b)
At t = 0, x = 0 A d B 2.464d C Given, speed, v = b x
At t = 1 s x = ?
h Now, differentiating it with respect to
We know that, v =
dx
⇒ dx = vdt In ∆ABD, tan45° = 1 dv d
dt d time, we get = b x
h1 dt dt
Integrating the above equation with Q tan45° = 1 ⇒ 1 = ⇒ h1 = d …(i)
d Now, acceleration
proper limits, we get
Now, in ∆ACE, b dx  dv 
x t =1 ⇒ a= ⋅ Q dt = a 
AD + DE  
∫ dx = ∫ vdt tan30° =
2 x dt
0 0 AB + BC b b b2
⇒ a= ⋅v = ⋅b x =
t =1 1 h +h 2 x 2 x 2
⇒ = 1 2
x −0 = ∫ (v 0 + gt + Ft ) dt
2
3 d + 2464
. d As acceleration is constant, we use
0
h1 + h2 v = u + at …(i)
1 0.5774 =
 gt2 Ft 3  3464
. d Now, it is given that x = 0 at t = 0.
⇒ x = v 0t + + 
 2 3 0 ⇒ h1 + h2 = (0.5774) × (3464
. d) So, initial speed of particle is
 g (1)2 F (1) 3  h1 + h2 = 2d u =b x =b ×0=0
⇒ x = v 0 (1) + +  −0 x =0
2 3  d + h2 = 2d [Using eq. (i)] Hence, when timet = τ, speed of the

h2 = 2d –d particle using Eq. (i) is
 g F
⇒ x = v0 + + ⇒ h2 = d b2 b2
 2 3  v = u + at = 0 + ⋅ τ = ⋅ τ
Hence, correct option is (b). 2 2
 1 1 ⇒ dx = (v 0 + gt + ft2 ) dt
09 The position of a particle as a s B = s A = a 1t20 = a2 (t 0 + t)2
2 2 x 1
function of time t, is given by
or a 1 t 0 = a2 (t 0 + t)
So, ∫ 0 dx = ∫ 0 (v 0 + gt + ft2 ) dt
x (t) = at + bt 2 − ct 3
or a 1t 0 = a2 t 0 + a2 t g f
where a, b and c are constants. ⇒ x = v0 +
+
2 3
When the particle attains zero or ( a 1 − a2 ) t 0 = a2 t
Since, vertical component of velocity is
acceleration, then its velocity will a2 . t
or t0 = …(ii) zero.
be [2019, 9 April Shift-II] ( a 1 − a2 )
2 2
(a) a +
b
(b) a +
b Substituting the value oft 0 from Eq. (ii) 13 A particle located at x = 0 at time
2c 4c into
t = 0, starts moving along the
b2 b2 Eq. (i), we get
(c) a + (d) a + a2 t positive x-direction with a velocity v
3c c v = (a 1 − a2 ) − a2t that varies as v = α x . The
Ans. (c) a 1 − a2
displacement of the particle varies
Position of particle is, a2 t with time as [AIEEE 2006]
= ( a 1 − a2 ) ( a 1 + a2 ) ⋅ − a2t
x (t) = at + bt2 − ct 3 ( a 1 − a2 ) (a) t2 (b) t (c) t 1/2 (d) t 3
So, its velocity is, or v = ( a 1 + a2 ) ⋅ a2 t − a2t Ans. (a)
dx  dx 
v= = a + 2bt − 3 ct2 = a 1a2 ⋅t + a2t − a2t Given, v = α x or
dx
= α x Q v = 
dt
or v = a 1 ⋅a2 t dt  dt 
and acceleration is, dx
dv or = α dt
a= = 2b − 6 ct 11 An object moving with a speed of x
dt
6.25 m/s, is decelerated at a rate On integrating, we get
Acceleration is zero, then2b − 6 ct = 0
given by dv /dt = − 2. 5 v , where v
x dx t

⇒ t=
2b
=
b ∫ 0 x = ∫ 0 α dt
is the instantaneous spee(d) The
6c 3c [Qat t = 0, x = 0 and let at any timet,
time taken by the object to come
Substituting this ‘t’ in expression of x particle be at x]
to rest, would be [AIEEE 2011]  x 1/ 2  α
velocity, we get ⇒   = α t or x 1/ 2
= t
(a) 2 s (b) 4 s 1 / 2 2
 b   b 
2  0
v = a + 2b   − 3c   (c) 8 s (d) 1 s
3 c  3 c  α2 2
Ans. (a) or x= × t or x ∝ t2
4
2b2 b2 b2 dv dv
=a + − =a + Given, = − 2 .5 v ⇒ = −2 .5dt
3c 3c 3c dt v
0 t
14 The relation between time t and
−1 / 2
⇒ ∫ 6.25 v dv = − 2 .5 ∫ dt
0
distance x is t = ax 2 + bx, where a
10 In a car race on a straight path, car and b are constants. The
A takes a time t less than car B at ⇒ − 2 .5 [t] 0t = [2v 1/ 2 ] 06.25 ⇒ t = 2 s
acceleration is [AIEEE 2005]
the finish and passes finishing (a) −2 abv 2 (b) 2 bv 3
point with a speed ‘v’ more than 12 The velocity of a particle is
(c) −2 av 3 (d) 2 av 2
that of car B. Both the cars start v = v 0 + gt + ft 2 . If its position is
from rest and travel with constant x = 0 at t = 0, then its displacement Ans. (c)

acceleration a 1 and a 2 respectively. after unit time (t = 1) is [AIEEE 2007] Given, t = ax2 + bx
Differentiating it w.r.t. t, we get
Then ‘v ’ is equal to (x1 – x2)
dt dx dx
[2019, 9 Jan Shift-II] = 2ax +b
2a1a2 dt dt dt
(a) t (b) 2a1a2 t dx 1
a1 +a2 v= =
t dt (2ax + b)
a1 + a2 O
(c) a1a2 t (d) t Again, differentiating w.r.t.t, we get
2 g f
(a) v 0 + 2 g + 3 f (b) v 0 + + d2 x −2a dx
Ans. (c) 2 3 = ⋅
g dt2 (2ax + b)2 dt
Let car B takes time (t 0 + t) and car A (c) v 0 + g + f (d) v 0 + + f
takes timet 0 to finish the race. 2 d2 x
∴ f=
Ans. (b) dt2
x −1 2a
Given, v = v 0 + gt + ft2 = ⋅
u=0 vA=a1.t0 After differentiating with respect to (2ax + b)2 (2ax + b)
vB=a2(t0+t) time, we get −2a
or f=
Then, dx (2ax + b) 3
= v 0 + gt + ft2
Given, v A − v B = v = (a 1 − a2 )t 0 − a2 t …(i) dt ⇒ f = −2av 3
TOPIC 2 Let, t 1 = time taken by first drop to reach (S 1) vertical = u 1t −
1 2
gt
the ground 2
Kinematics Equations of and t2 = time taken by 2nd drop. 1
(S2 ) vertical = u2 (t − 3) − g (t − 3)2
Uniformly Accelerated Motion t 2
t2 = 1
2 From Eq. (i), we have
15 A particle is moving with constant 1 2 1
⇒ u 1t − gt = u2 (t − 3) – g (t − 3)2
acceleration a. Following graph 2 2
shows v 2 versus x (displacement) 1
H = 9.8 m ⇒ 35t − × 10 × t2
plot. The acceleration of the particle t2 2
1
is ........ m/s 2 [2021, 31 Aug Shift-II] t1 = 35(t − 3) − × 10 (t − 3)2
2
g = acceleration due to gravity (9.8 ms −2 )
⇒ 35t − 35(t − 3) = 5t2 − 5(t − 3)2
80 C u = initial speed = 0
1 ⇒ 35(t − t + 3) = 5 [t2 − (t − 3)2 ]
Since, H = ut + gt21 …(i)
v2 (m/s)2

60 B 2 ⇒ 35 × 3 = 5(t + t − 3)(t − t + 3)
105
40 A ∴ t1 =
2H ⇒ = (2t − 3)(3)
g 5
20 21
2 × 9.8 ⇒ = 2t − 3 ⇒ 7 = 2t − 3
⇒ t1 = = 2s 3
0 10 20 30 9.8
x (m) ⇒ 2t = 10 ⇒ t = 5 s
2 1
Ans. (1) ∴ t2 = = s So, the height at which ball will collide is
2 2 1
A v2 versus x graph is shown below. (S 1) vertical = u 1t – gt2
Again from Eq. (i) 2
v 2(m2/s2) 1 1
Distance covered by 2nd drop, x = gt22 = 35 × 5 − × 10 × (5)2
80 2 2
2
1  1  = 175 − 125
∴ x= × 9.8 ×  
2  2 = 50 m
1 1 9.8
= × 9.8 × = = 245
. m
20 2 2 4 18 A ball is thrown up with a certain
and position of second drop from velocity, so that it reaches a height
x (m)
O 30 ground, h. Find the ratio of the two different
H2 = H1 − x = 9.8 − 245
. = 7.35 m h
Using equation of motion, times of the ball reaching in both
v2 = u2 + 2ax ...(i) 3
17 Two spherical balls having equal the directions. [2021, 27 July Shift-I]
We know that, the equation of straight line.
masses with radius of 5 cm each 2 −1 1
y = mx + c ...(ii) (a) (b)
are thrown upwards along the 2 +1 3
Comparing Eqs. (i) and (ii),
80 − 20 60
same vertical direction at an
Slope, m = 2a = = =2 3− 2 3 −1
30 − 0 30
interval of 3s with the same initial (c) (d)
velocity of 35 m/s, then these balls 3+ 2 3+1
2
Now, the acceleration, a = = 1 m/s2 collide at a height of .......... m. Ans. (c)
2
(Take, g = 10 m/s 2 ) The given scenario can be represented
[2021, 26 Aug Shift-I] as follows.
16 Water drops are falling from a
nozzle of a shower onto the floor, Ans. (50)
from a height of 9.8 m. The drops Given, m1 = m2 = m
fall at a regular interval of time. r1 = r2 = r = 5 cm = 5 × 10 −2 m
When the first drop strikes the u 1 = u2 = 35 m/ s
h
floor, at that instant, the third drop t1 = 0
begins to fall. Locate the position and t2 = 3 s h
of second drop from the floor when 3 u
the first drop strikes the floor.
[2021, 27 Aug Shift-II]
QFrom Newton’s third equation of
ball 1 ball 2 motion,
(a) 4.18 m (b) 2.94 m
When the ball is thrown up, we have
(c) 2.45 m (d) 7.35 m When both ball will collide,
v2 = u2 + 2as
Ans. (d) (S 1) vertical = (S2 ) vertical …(i)
⇒ v2 = u2 + 2(− g)h
Given, height of nozzle from floor, Let after timet both ball will collide.
{Qa = − g (against gravity) and s = h}
H = 9.8 m
 ⇒ 0 = u2 + 2(− g)h {Qv = 0} For object a, Since, time taken by 1st drop is 4 s, and
⇒ u2 = 2gh ...(i) 1 time taken by 2nd drop is 3 s, so one
⇒ 75 = − 10 t + × 10 × t2 = − 10 t + 5t2
From Newton’s second equation of 2 drop is falling per second.
motion, we have ⇒ t2 − 2t − 15 = 0
1 ⇒ t − 5t + 3t − 15 = 0
2 21 A scooter accelerates from rest for
s = ut + at2
2 time t 1 at constant rate a 1 and then
⇒ t (t − 5) + 3 (t − 5) = 0 ⇒ t = 5, − 3
h retards at constant rate a 2 for time
When the ball reaches height which ∴ t = 5 s (Qt ≠ −ve)
3 s t 2 and comes to rest. The correct
coming downward Also, ub = t
h 1
t value of 1 will be
⇒ = ut − gt2 where, s is distance covered by balloon t2
3 2 [2021, 26 Feb Shift-II]
h and t is time taken by object to reach
...(ii) {Qa = − g and s = } ground a +a a2
3 (a) 1 2 (b)
∴ Final height, hf = h + s a2 a1
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
h 1 = h + ub × t a1 a1 + a2
= 2gh t − gt2 (c) (d)
3 2 = 75 + 10 × 5 a2 a1
1 2 h = 75 + 50 = 125 m Ans. (b)
⇒ gt − 2gh t + = 0 ...(iii)
2 3 According to given data;
20 Water droplets are coming from an
QEq. (iii) is a quadratic equation, so we Initial speed of scooter, u 1 = 0 ms−1
have to calculate its roots using open tap at a particular rate. The
and final speed,v2 = 0 ms−1
formula, spacing between a droplet
By using first equation of motion,
observed at 4th second after its fall
− b ± b2 − 4ac v 1 = u + a 1t 1
x= to the next droplet is 34.3 m. At
2a ⇒ v 1 = a 1t 1 … (i)
what rate, the droplets are coming
∴On solving, we will get from the tap ? (Take, g = 9.8 m/s 2 ) and for second case,
2gh ± 2gh −
4g h [2021, 25 July Shift-I] v2 = v 1 − a2t2
t 1, t2 = 2 3 (a) 3 drops / 2 s (b) 2 drops / s ⇒ 0 = v 1 − a2t2
g ⇒ v 1 = a2t2 … (ii)
(c) 1 drop / s (d) 1 drop / 7 s
4gh
2 gh − Ans. (c) On dividing Eq. (i) by Eq. (ii), we get
∴ =
t1 3 ⇒ t1 = 3 − 2 at
Given, distance travelled in 4th second, v 1 /v 1 = 1 = 1 1
t2
2gh +
4gh t2 3+ 2 a2t2
3 s 2 = 34.3 m,
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 ms−2 ⇒ a2t2 = a 1t 1
Let distance covered by 1st drop in time ⇒ t 1 /t2 = a2 /a 1
19 A balloon was moving upwards with
a uniform velocity of 10 m/s. An t (= 4 s) be s 1.
As we know that,
22 A stone is dropped from the top of
object of finite mass is dropped a building. When it crosses a point
1
from the balloon when it was at a s = ut + gt2 …(i) 5 m below the top, another stone
2
height of 75 m from the ground starts to fall from a point 25 m
where, u = initial speed of drop = 0 ms−1 below the top. Both stones reach
level. The height of the balloon 1 1
from the ground when object ⇒ s 1 = gt2 = × 9.8 × 42 the bottom of building
2 2 simultaneously. The height of the
strikes the ground was around, is 1
= × 9.8 × 16 = 9.8 × 8 = 78.4 m building is [2021, 25 Feb Shift-II]
(Take, the value of g = 10 m/s 2 ) 2
[2021, 25 July Shift-II] (a) 45 m (b) 25 m (c) 35 m (d) 50 m
Now, distance covered by 2nd drop will
(a) 300 m (b) 200 m Ans. (a)
be s.
(c) 125 m (d) 250 m s = s 1 − s2 Let the total height of building be x.
Ans. (c) = 784 . − 343
. = 44.1 m T
Given, initial speed of balloon, Again, By using Eq. (i) 5m Ist
u b =10 ms−1 1 particle
s = 9.8 t ′2 A U
Initial height of balloon from ground, 2 25m
h = 75 m where, t ′ is the time taken by 2nd drop to x 20m
Initial speed of object, u a = −10 ms−1 cover 44.1 m.
B 2nd
Let the time taken by object to reach 44.1
∴ 44.1 = 49. t ′2 ⇒ t ′2 = particle
ground bet. 49
.
1 G (ground)
As, h = ut + gt2 ⇒ t′ =
441
= 9 =3s …(ii)
2 49
 TA = 5 m 24 A helicopter rises from rest on the stone with respect to the first?
TB = 25 m ground vertically upwards with a Assume stones do not rebound
∴ AG = x − 5 and BG = x − 25 constant acceleration g. A food after hitting the ground and neglect
For initial conditions, from second packet is dropped from the air resistance, take g = 10m/s 2 )
equation of motion under gravity, [JEE Main 2015]
helicopter when it is at a height h.
s = ut + 1 /2gt2 (y2 – y1)m
The time taken by the packet to
where, g = 10 ms− 2 240
reach the ground is close to (Here,
∴ 5 = 0 + 1 /2 × 10 t2 ⇒ t = 1 s (a)
g is the acceleration due to gravity).
Now, by first equation of motion under [2020, 5 Sep Shift-I] t 8 12 t(s)
gravity, 2 h h
v A = u + gt (a) t = (b) t = 18
. (y2 – y1)m
3 g g 240
= 0 + 10 = 10 ms− 1
2h h (b)
From second equation of motion, (c) t = (d) t = 34
.
x − 5 = v At + 1 /2gt2 … (i)
3g g
8 12 t(s)
Similarly, x − 25 = 1 /2gt2 Ans. (d)
Let t be the time taken by the packet to (y2 – y1)m
Put the above value in Eq. (i), we get 240
x − 5 = 10 t + x − 25 reach the groun(d) As, the helicopter
rises from rest in upward direction, its (c)
20 = 10 t final velocity is
⇒ t = 2s 12 t(s)
v = 02 + 2gh ⇒ v = 2gh
Put the value of t in Eq. (i), we get (y2 – y1)m
v 240
x − 5 = 10 × 2 + 1 /2 × 10 × 4 t=0 (d)
⇒ x − 5 = 20 + 20
⇒ x = 45 m h
8 12 t(s)

23 An engine of a train moving with t=t Ans. (b)

uniform acceleration, passes the From second equation of motion, Key Idea Concept of relative motion
signal-post with velocity u and the 1 can be applied to predict the nature of
s = ut + at2 motion of one particle with respect to
last compartment with velocity v. 2 the other.
The velocity with which middle Here, s = –h
Consider the stones thrown up
point of the train passes the signal u or v = 2gh ⇒ a = g simultaneously as shown in the diagram
post is [2021, 25 Feb Shift-I] Substituting all these values in above below.
equation, we get
v 2 + u2 v −u 1
Considering motion of the second
(a) (b) −h = 2gh t + (− g)t2 particle with respect to the first we have
2 2 2 relative acceleration
u+v v 2 − u2 ⇒
1 2
gt – 2gh t –h = 0 |a 21 | = |a 2 − a 1 | = g − g = 0
(c) (d) 2
2 2
This is a quadratic equation int. 40 m/s
Ans. (a)
10 m/s
g
Given, initial speed of engine = u 2gh ± ( 2gh)2 –4 × (–h)
∴ t= 2
Speed of engine last compartment =v 240 m
g
Let the length of train bel 2×
2
and the speed of mid-point of train bev′.
2gh ± 2gh + 2gh 2gh
Using third equation of motion, = = (1 + 2)
g g
v2 = u2 + 2as Thus, motion of first particle is straight
2h h h
⇒ v ′2 = u2 + 2al /2 = (1 + 2) = (2 + 2) = 34
. line with respect to second particle till
g g g the first particle strikes ground at a time
⇒ v ′ − u2 = al
2
… (i)
Hence, correct option is (d). given by
v2
− u 2
1
Also, v2 − u2 = 2al ⇒ a = − 240 = 10 t − × 10 × t2
2l 2
25 Two stones are thrown up or t2 − 2t − 48 = 0
Substituting the value ofa in Eq. (i), we
simultaneously from the edge of a
get or t − 8t + 6t − 48 = 0
2

v2 − u2 v2 − u2
cliff 240 m high with initial speed of
v ′2 − u2 = ⋅l = or t = 8, − 6 (not possible)
2l 2
10 m/s and 40 m/s respectively.
Thus, distance covered by second particle
Which of the following graph best with respect to first particle in 8 s is
v2 − u2 v2 + u2
⇒ v′ = + u2 = represents the time variation of s 12 = (v21) t = (40 − 10) (8s)
2 2
relative position of the second = 30 × 8 = 240 m
 Similarly, time taken by second particle Ans. (c) g 2h
⇒ s= ×
to strike the ground is given by Parachute bails out at heightH from 18 g
1  2h 
− 240 = 40 t − × 10 × t2 groun(d) Velocity at A
or s =
h
2 v = 2gh = 2 × 9.8 × 50 9
m QT = g 
 
or − 240 = 40 t − 5t2
= 980 ms −1 Hence, the position of ball from the
or 5t − 40 t − 240 = 0
2
h 8h
Velocity at ground,v 1 = 3 ms −1 [given] ground = h − = m
or t2 − 8t − 48 = 0 9 9
Acceleration = − 2 ms−2 [given]
t − 12t + 4t − 48 = 0
2

or t (t − 12) + 4 (t − 12) = 0 29 An automobile travelling with a

or t = 12, − 4 (not possible) speed of 60 km/h, can brake to
h = 50 m
Thus, after 8 s, magnitude of relative stop within a distance of 20 m. If
velocity will increase upto 12 s when H A the car is going twice as fast, i.e,
second particle strikes the ground. v = √2gh
120 km/h, the stopping distance
will be [AIEEE 2004]
26 From a tower of height H, a particle
(a) 20 m
is thrown vertically upwards with a Ground
(b) 40 m
speed u. The time taken by the
v2 − v21 980 − 9 (c) 60 m
particle to hit the ground is n times ∴ H −h= =
2×2 4 (d) 80 m
that taken by it to reach the
971 Ans. (d)
highest point of its path. The = = 242.75
4 The braking retardation will remain same
relation between H, u and n is
[JEE Main 2014] ⇒ H = 242.75 + h and assumed to be constant, let it bea.
(a) 2 gH = n2 u2 = 242.75 + 50 ≈ 293 m From third equation of motion,
v2 = u2 + 2as
(b) gH = (n − 2)2 u2 2
28 A ball is released from the top of a  5
(c) 2 gH = nu2 (n − 2) Case I 0 =  60 ×  − 2a × s 1
tower of height h metre. It takesT  18 
(d) gH = (n − 2)2 u2
second to reach the groun(d) What (60 × 5 / 18)2
Ans. (c) ⇒ s1 =
is the position of the ball in 2a
Time taken to reach the maximum T /3 second? [AIEEE 2004] 2
height  5
(a) h / 9 m from the ground Case II 0 =  120 ×  − 2a × s 2
u  18 
t1 = (b) 7h / 9 m from the ground
g (120 × 5 / 18)2
(c) 8h / 9 m from the ground ⇒ s2 =
If t2 is the time taken to hit ground 2a
1 (d) 17h / 18 m from the ground
− H = ut2 − gt2 s1 1
i.e., Ans. (c) ∴ = ⇒s 2 = 4s 1 = 4 × 20 = 80 m
2 s2 4
Second law of motion gives
t1 u 1
s = ut + gT 2 30 A car moving with a speed of
2
H 50 km/h, can be stopped by brakes
t=0
t2 after atleast 6 m. If the same car is
u=0 moving at a speed of 100 km/h, the
But t2 = nt 1 [given] s t=
T minimum stopping distance is
nu 1 n2 u2 3 [AIEEE 2003]
So, −H = u − g
g 2 g2 h (a) 12 m (b) 18 m
nu2 1 n2 u2 (c) 24 m (d) 6 m
−H = −
g 2 g Ans. (c)
0 t=T As the first equation of motion
2gH = nu2 (n − 2)
Ground v2 = u2 + 2as
2
1 2  5
27 A parachutist after bailing out falls or h=0 + gT ⇒ 0 =  50 ×  + 2a × 6
2  18 
50 m without friction. When
 2h  or a = − 16 m/s2 [Qa is retardation]
parachute opens, it decelerates at ⇒ T=   [Q u = 0] Again v2 = u2 + 2as
2 ms −2 . He reaches the ground g 2
 5
with a speed of 3 ms −1 . At what 2 ⇒ 0 =  100 ×  − 16 × 2 × s
s, s = 0 + g  
T 1 T  18 
height, did he bail out? [AIEEE 2005] At t =
3 2 3
(100 × 5)2
(a) 91 m (b) 182 m 1 T2 or s= or s = 24.1 ≈ 24 m
(c) 293 m (d) 111 m or s = g ⋅ 18 × 18 × 32
2 9
31 Speeds of two identical cars are 33 If a body losses half of its velocity

Position
x(t) v(t)

Velocity
u and 4u at a specific instant. The on penetrating 3 cm in a wooden (c)
ratio of the respective distances at block, then how much will it
which the two cars are stopped penetrate more before coming to
from that instant is t t
[AIEEE 2002] rest? [AIEEE 2002]

Acceleration
(a) 1 :1 (b) 1 :4 (a) 1 cm (b) 2 cm (c) 3 cm (d) 4 cm a(t)
(c) 1 :8 (d) 1 :16 Ans. (a)
Ans. (d) Let initial velocity of body at point A be
In this question, the cars are identical v, AB is 3 cm.
t
means coefficient of friction between
the tyre and the ground is same for both v B C
A

Position

Velocity
x(t) v(t)
the cars, as a result retardation is same 3 cm x
for both the cars equal toµg. v/2
(d)
Let first car travel distance s 1,before
stopping while second car travel From v = u − 2as
2 2
2
v2 t t
distance s 2 , then from v
⇒   = v − 2a × 3 or a =
2
 2

Acceleration
v2 = u2 − 2as 8
a(t)
⇒ 0 = u2 − 2µg × s 1 Let on penetrating 3 cm in a wooden block,
u2 the body moves x distance from B to C.
⇒ s1 =
2µ g So, for B to C, u = v /2, v = 0,
v2 t
and 0 = (4 u)2 − 2µ g × s 2 s = x, a = [deceleration]
8 Ans. (b)
16 u2
⇒ s2 = = 16 s 1 v
2
v2 Since, the particle is moving with
2µ g ∴ (0)2 =   − 2 ⋅ ⋅ x
 2 8 constant acceleration.
s1 1
∴ = or x = 1cm Acceleration = Constant, (the
s 2 16
Note Here, it is assumed that acceleration-time graph is parallel to the
retardation is uniform. time axis, and acceleration is positive)
32 From a building, two balls A and B a=
dv
are thrown such that A is thrown TOPIC 3 dt
upwards and B downwards (both Graphs in Motion
vertically). If v A and v B are their Acceleration a(t)
respective velocities on reaching
34 The position, velocity and
the ground, then [AIEEE 2002]
acceleration of a particle moving
vB >vA
(a)
with a constant acceleration can be
vA =vB
(b) t
vA >vB
(c)
represented by As we know,
[2021, 18 March Shift-I]
(d)
their velocities depend on their dv
= C ⇒ ∫ dv = C ∫ dt
masses
Position

dt
Velocity

x(t) v(t)
(a)
Ans. (b) ⇒ v = Ct + C 0
From conservation of energy, The velocity-time graph is straight line
Potential energy at height t t with positive slope
Acceleration

dx
h = Kinetic energy at ground a(t) v=
dt
Therefore, at heighth, PE of ball A
= mA gh
1 v(t)
Velocity

KE at ground = mAv2A t
2
1
Position

Velocity

x(t) v(t)
So, mA gh = mAv2A
2 (b)
or v A = 2gh t
As we know,
Similarly, v B = 2gh t t dx
Therefore, v A = v B = Ct + C 0
Acceleration

a(t) dt
Note In this question, it is not
mentioned that magnitude of thrown ⇒ ∫ dx = ∫ (Ct2 + C 0) dt
velocity of both balls are same which is Ct
⇒ x= + C 0t + C 1
assumed in solution. t 2
 This equation shows that the distance-time v0 If we draw the velocity-time graph for
Slope, m = −
graph is upward concave parabola. x0 the given situation, it will be as follows
v
dv v
x(t) ∴ Slope, m = =− 0 …(i)
dx x0
Position

v0
For given diagram, the equation of line,
y = mx + c
v
t v = − 0 x + v0 …(ii) Time
x0 t
Hence, the correct option is (b).
dv dx
Acceleration, a = × ∴Distance travelled = Area of v - t graph
dx dt
35 The velocity- displacement graph 1 1 αβt
dv = × t × v0 = × t × [from Eq. (iii)]
of a particle is shown in the figure. ⇒ a =v 2 2 (α + β)
dx
v 1 αβt2 αβt2
v0  v0  v  = =
⇒ a =  − x + v0   − 0  2 (α + β) 2(α + β)
 x0   x0 
[From Eqs. (i) and (ii)] 37 The velocity-displacement graph
O x0 x v 
2
v20 describing the motion of a bicycle
⇒ a= 0 x− is shown in the following figure.
The acceleration-displacement  x0  x0
v(ms-1)
graph of the same particle is Hence, the intercept is negative and the
represented by slope is positive, so the correct graph is
50
[2021, 18 March Shift-II] given in option (c).
a
36 A car accelerates from rest at a
constant rate α for some time after
(a) 10
which it decelerates at a constant
x
O
rate β to come to rest. If the total 0 200 400 x(m)
a time elapsed is t seconds, the total The acceleration-displacement
distance travelled is graph of the bicycle’s motion is
(b) [2021, 17 March Shift-I] best described by
4αβ 2 2αβ 2 [2021, 16 March Shift-I]
(a) t (b) t
O x (α + β) (α + β) a(ms ) –2
αβ αβ
a (c) t2 (d) t2
2(α + β) 4(α + β)
O x
(c)
Ans. (c) (a)
Consider 1st case, 18
A car starts from rest at a constant 2
accelerationα. It means
a 0
Acceleration,a 1 = α 200 400 x(m)
(d) initial velocity, u = 0 –2
a(ms )
v = u + a 1t ⇒ v 0 = 0 + αt 1
O x ⇒ v 0 = αt 1 …(i)
Consider 2nd case,
(b)
The same car decelerates after some
Ans. (c) 18
time at a constant accelerationβ and
comes to rest. It means 2
For the given velocity-displacement
graph, Acceleration,a2 = β 0 200 400 x(m)
v
Final velocity = 0
v0 ⇒ v 0 = βt2 …(ii) a(ms–2)
According to question,
t 1 + t2 = t
 1 1
(c)
⇒ v0  +  = t [from Eqs. (i) & (ii)] 18
O x α β
x0 2
αβt
Intercept, c = v 0 ⇒ v0 = …(iii) 0
α+ β 200 400 x(m)
 a(ms–2) v
particle during the time interval
t = 0 s to t = 5 s will be ……… .
h [2020, 4 Sep Shift-II]
(c) h(v)
h/2
(d) 10
18 8
2 Speed 6
v (in ms–1)
0 200 400 x(m) 4
Ans. (a) 2
h/2
From the given velocity-displacement (d) h(v)
h 0
graph, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 200, the graph is a 1 2 3 4 5
straight line i.e., varying linearly. Time (in s)
As, the equation of straight line is Ans. (20)
y = mx + c Ans. (c) Distance travelled = Area under
Here, it can be given as v = mx + c vA=0 speed-time graph
(50 − 10) 1 A (h, 0)
where, m = slope = = Distance travelled (from t = 0 s to t = 5 s)
200 − 0 5 + ve 1
and c = 10 = Area of ∆ OAB = × Base × Height
– ve 2
x
⇒ v = + 10 …(i) 1
5 C
h,0 = × (5 s) × (8 m/s)= 20 m
As, acceleration,a = dv /dt = vdv /dx h 2 2
vC = 0
a =  + 10   + 10  [using Eq. (i)]
x d x
5  dx  5  40 The v-t graph of a body in a straight
h line motion is shown in the figure.
=  + 10    = 2 +
x 1 x vB = √0 – 2(– g)(h/2) 2
2

5   5 25 The point S is at 4.333 s. The total

(– √2gh) = √gh (positive)
For x = 0, a = 2 +
0
= 2 ms−2
distance covered by the body in 6 s
B
25 is [2020, 5 Sep Shift-II]
200 B (0,+ √gh)
and for x = 200, a = 2 + = 10 ms−2 A B
25 vB = √0 + 2gh = √2gh (negative)
2 v (in m/s) 4
Therefore, the graph will have straight 2
line till x = 200 and for x > 200; Using third equation of motion, the S D t (in s)
relation betweenv and h is given by, 0
v = constant and a = 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
So, from the graphs given in the options, v2 = u2 + 2gh –2
C
the above conditions are satisfied in = 02 + 2gh = 2gh
option (a) only. ⇒ v ∝h
2
37
(a) m (b) 12 m
It is the equation of a parabol(a) So, the 3
38 A tennis ball is released from a shape of v versus h graph will be 49
height h and after freely falling on a paraboli(c). (c) 11 m (d) m
4
wooden floor, it rebounds and Now, as we have some co-ordinate
points from diagram. On plotting them Ans. (a)
reaches height h /2. The velocity
versus height of the ball during its and tracing with a parabolic locus, we will The given v-t graph is shown below,
get the following graph :
motion may be represented A B
v 4
graphically by (Graphs are drawn
v (in m/s)

schematically and on not to scale) (0, +√gh)

+√gh 2 2/3
[2020, 4 Sep Shift-I] h,
v 2
0 E F S G D t (in s)
(h, 0) 0
h O 1 2 3 4 5 6
h h 4/3
h/2 2 –2
C
(a) h(v)
h Distance covered by the body in
–√2gh 6s = Sum of magnitudes of area of each
(0, –√2gh) part in v- t curve
v s = Area of ∆AOE + Area of rectangle
Hence, correct option is (c). ABFE + Area of ∆BSF + Area of ∆SCG
+ Area of ∆GCD
h 39 The speed versus time graph for a 1 1
(b) h(v) = (OE × AE) + (EF × AE) + (SF × BF )
h/2 particle is shown in the figure. The
2 2
distance travelled (in metre) by the 1 1
+ (SG × GC) + (GD × GC)
2 2
 (2 × 4) + 1 × 4 + × 4 ×  
1 1 4 shown in figure. What is the position With a negative slope distance-time
=
 3 graph will be parabolic  s = ut − at2  .
1
2 2 of the particle at time t = 5s ?
 2 
+ × 2 ×   + × 2 × 1
1 2 1 [2019, 10 Jan Shift-II]
2  3 2 v So, option (b) will be incorrect.
(m/s)
8 2 37 4
=4+ 4+ + + 1 = m
3 3 3 3 44 A body is thrown vertically
Hence, correct option is (a). 2 upwards. Which one of the
1 following graphs correctly
41 A particle starts from origin O from 0 t (s) represent the velocity vs time?
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
rest and moves with a uniform [JEE Main 2017]
(a) 6 m (b) 3 m (c) 10 m (d) 9 m
acceleration along the positive X-axis.
Ans. (d) v
Identify all figures that correctly
(a) t
represent the motion qualitatively. Key Idea Area under the velocity-time
(a = acceleration, v = velocity, curve represents displacement.
x = displacement, t = time) To get exact position at t = 5 s,we need
[2019, 8 April Shift-II]
to calculate area of the shaded part in v
the curve as shown below (b) t
v (m/s)
(A) a (B) v
3 Q R
O O P S
t t 2
v
1
(c)
t
(C) x (D) x 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Time (s)
A B C
O O ∴Displacement of particle = Area of OPA
t t v
+ Area of PABSP + Area of QBCRQ (d)
(a) (A) (b) (A), (B), (C) = (1 /2 × 2 × 2) + (2 × 2) + (3 × 1)
(c) (B), (C) (d) (A), (B), (D) = 2 + 4 + 3 = 9m
t
Ans. (d)
43 All the graphs below are intended to Ans. (b)
Since, the particle starts from rest, this represent the same motion. One of
means, initial velocity, u = 0 Initially velocity keeps on decreasing at a
them does it incorrectly. Pick it up. constant rate, then it increases in
Also, it moves with uniform acceleration [JEE Main 2018]
along positive X-axis. This means, its negative direction with same rate.
Velocity
acceleration (a) is constant.
∴Given, a - t graph in (A) is correct. 45 Consider a rubber ball freely falling
As we know, for velocity-time graph,
(a) Position from a height h = 4.9 m onto a
slope = acceleration. horizontal elastic plate. Assume that
Since, the givenv-t graph in (B) Distance the duration of collision is
represents that its slope is constant and negligible and the collision with the
non-zero.
(b) Time
plate is totally elastic. Then, the
∴Graph in (B) is also correct. velocity as a function of time the
Also, the displacement of such a particle height as function of time will be
w.r.t. time is given by Position [AIEEE 2009]
1 v
x = ut + at2 v1
2 (c) Time
1 (a)
= 0 + at2 ⇒x ∝ t2
2 O t
So, x versus t graph would be a parabola Velocity
with starting from origin. This is
correctly represented in v
(d) Time
displacement-time graph given in (D). +v1
(b)
42 A particle starts from the origin at O t
Ans. (b)
time t = 0 and moves along the If velocity versus time graph is a straight
–v1
positive X-axis. The graph of line with negative slope, then
velocity with respect to time is acceleration is constant and negative.
 v
describes (x 1 − x 2 ) as a function of Ans. (d)
+v1 time? The velocity-time graph for the given
(c) [AIEEE 2008]
O t t (x1 – x2) situation can be drawn as below.
1 2t1 3t1 4t1
Magnitudes of slope of OA = f
–v1
(a) T
t 5m Ist
v O particle
(x1 – x2) A U
+v1 25m
(d) 3t1 (x1 – x2)
O t x 20m
t1 2t1 4t1
–v1 (b) B 2nd
particle
t
Ans. (c) O
(x1 – x2) G (ground)
As we know that for vertical motion,
1 f
h = gt2 [parabolic] and slope of BC =
2 (c) 2
v = − gt and after collision,v = gt ⇒
f
v = f t 1 = t2
t
(straight line). O 2
Collision is perfectly elastic, then ball ∴ t2 = 2t 1
reaches to same height again and again In graph, area of ∆OAD gives distance,
with same velocity. (d)
1
s = ft21 …(i)
v t 2
O
+v1 Area of rectangle ABED gives distance
Ans. (b) travelled in timet.
t at2
t1 2t1 3t1 Here, x2 = vt and x 1 = s 2 = (ft 1) t
–v1 2 Distance travelled in timet2 ,
 at2  1f
∴ x 1 − x2 = −  v t −  s3 = (2t 1)2
y  2  22
h From the above expression, it is clear Thus, s 1 + s 2 + s 3 = 15 s
that at t = 0, x 1 − x2 = 0 further for ⇒ s + (ft 1) t + ft21 = 15 s
increasing values, the graph is as  1 
t follows. or s + (ft 1) t + 2 s = 15 s Qs = ft21
 2 
Hence, option (c) is true.
or (ft 1) t = 12 s …(ii)
Hence, option (c) is true.
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have
47 A car starting from rest,
12 s (ft 1) t
46 A body is at rest at x = 0. At t = 0, it accelerates at the rate f through a =
1
s (ft 1) t 1
starts moving in the positive distance s, then continues at 2
x-direction with a constant constant speed for time t and then t
acceleration. At the same instant, or t1 =
decelerates at the rate f/2 to come 6
another body passes through x = 0 to rest. If the total distance From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
moving in the positive x-direction travelled is 15 s, then [AIEEE 2005] 1
s = f (t 1)2
with a constant speed. The (a) s = f t 2
position of the first body is given by 1
(b) s = f t2
2
s = f   = ft2
1 t 1
x 1 (t) after time t and that of the 6 ⇒
2  6 72
second body by x 2 (t) after the 1
(c) s = f t2 Hence, none of the given options is
same time interval. Which of the 2
correct.
following graphs correctly (d) None of the above