Nueva Vizcaya State University

College of Engineering
Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
Name
REVIEW MATH DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS
Course & Yr

I.
II. LIMITS d d 1 d (u)
A. Theorems on Limits: ( c )=0 ( arcsin u )=
1. If f(x) = c, a constant, then
dx dx √ 1−u dx2

lim f ( x )=c .
d d(u ) d 1 d (u )
( cu)=c ( arccos u )=−
x →a dx dx dx √1−u 2 dx
lim f ( x )= A lim g( x )=B
Let x →a and x →a , then d d (u) d (v ) d 1 d (u )
lim k f ( x )=kA
(u+v )= + ( arctan u )=
dx dx dx dx 1+u 2 dx
2. x→a , k being a constant.
d d (v ) d (u ) d d (u )
3. (uv )=u +v ( arc cot u )=−1 2
lim [ f ( x )±g( x ) ] =lim f ( x )±lim g( x ) dx dx dx dx 1+u dx
x →a x →a x →a
d d (u ) d 1 d (u)
¿ A±B . (u n )=nun−1 ( arc sec u )=
lim [ f ( x ) g ( x ) ] =lim f ( x ) lim g( x ) dx dx dx u √ u −1 dx
2
x →a
¿ AB .
x →a x→a
d (u ) d (v ) d 1 d (u )
4. v −u ( arc csc u )=−
lim
x →a [ ]
f ( x)
=
lim f ( x )
x→a
g( x ) lim g( x ) B
=
A
d u
()
dx v v 2
=
dx dx
E.
dx
Hyperbolic Functions
u √u −1 dx
2

5. x→a , B. Logarithmic and Exponential Functions d d (u )

provided B  0. d (u ) ( sinh u )=coshu
d 1 dx dx
n
lim √ √
n
f ( x )= n lim f ( x )=√ A dx
( log a u ) =
u ln a dx d (u )
6. , d
x →a x →a
d 1 d (u) ( cosh u )=−sinh u
n
provided √ A is a real number. ( ln u ) = ;u≠0 dx dx
dx u dx d 2 d (u)
( tanhu )=sec h u
B. L’Hospital’s Rule (Indeterminate Type d
( a u ) =au ln a d (u) dx dx
0/0) dx dx
If a is a number, if f(x) and g(x) are d u u d (u ) d d (u )
( e )=e ( coth u )=−csch 2 u
differentiable and g(x)  0 for all x on dx dx dx dx
some interval 0<|x−a|<δ and if d
( u ) =vu n−1
v d (u ) n
+u lnu
d( v ) d
( sec hu )=sec hu tanh u
d(u)
lim f ( x )=0 lim g( x )=0 dx dx dx dx dx
x →a and x →a , then C. Trigonometric Functions d d ( u)
lim
[ ] f '( x )
when x →a g '( x ) exists or is infinite,
d
dx
( sin u )=cos u
d (u)
dx
dx
( cscu )=−csc hu coth u
e x−e−x
dx
e x + e−x
lim
x →a g([ ] [ ]
f ( x)
x )
= lim
f ' (x )
x → a g '( x ) .
d
dx
( cos u )=−sin u
d (u )
dx
sinh x=
2
sinh x
cosh hx =
2
cosh x
d d (u) tanh x= coth x=
( tanu )=sec 2 u cosh x sinh x
II. DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS dx dx 1 1
A. Algebraic Functions d d (u) sec hx= cschx=
NOTE: u, v, w are differentiable functions ( cot u ) =−csc 2 u cosh x sinh x
dx dx
of x and a and n are constants.
d d (u) F. Inverse Hyperbolic Functions
( secu )=secu tan u
dx dx
d d (u )
( cscu )=−csc u cot u
dx dx
D. Inverse Trigonometric Functions
 d 1 d (u) 2 22 ( 2 x+ 1 )3
dx
( arcsinh u )=
√u +1 dx
2 (x−h) +( y−k) =ρ 4.
lim
Evaluate x →∞ x
3

y'[1+( y') ]
d
( arccosh u )=− 2
1 d (u ) 2 A. 8 C. 7
B. 10 D. 9
dx √u −1 dx h= x− 5. What is the limiting value of the function
d 1 d (u )
y} } {} # k=y+ { {1+ left (y' right ) rSup { size 8{2} } } over {y
( 1x ) as x approaches infinity.
x
( arctanh u )=
dx 1−u 2 dx f ( x )= 1+
D. Graph of a function y = f(x)
d d (u )
( arc cot u )=−12 1. The curve rises if dy/dx is positive A. 1 C. 0
dx u −1 dx and falls if dy/dx is negative. B. e D. infinity
d 1 d (u) 2. The points where dy/dx = 0 are 6. Find the derivative of the function with
( arcsech u )= called critical points which can be a
u √ 1−u respect to x; y=sin ( x−1 ) .
√
dx 2 dx
maximum or minimum point or
d 1 d (u) simply a point where the slope is cos ( √ x−1 ) cos ( √ x−1 )
( arc csc u )=−
dx u √1+u 2 dx horizontal.
A. 2√x C. √x
3. If y’ = 0 and y” is negative, the point
arcsinh x=ln ( x+ √ x 2 +1 ) is a maximum. cos ( √ x−1 ) cos ( √ x−1 )
2x x
arccosh x=ln ( x + √ x 2−1 ) 4. If y’ = 0 and y” is positive, the point is B. D.
a minimum. 7. Find the derivative of the function with
1 1+x

√
arctanh x= ln 5. The point of inflection is the point on x +1
2 1−x the curve where the direction of y=ln
x+1 respect to x: x−1 .
arc coth x=ln curvature changes. At such point, y” 1 1
x−1 = 0.
A. 1−x 2 2
C. −1
x
1+ √ 1−x 2 E. Applications of Maxima and Minima
1 1
arcsech x=ln Steps in Solving:
x 1+ x2
1. Identify the variable to be maximized B. D. x+1
1+ √ 1+x 2 or minimized. 8. Find the differential of the function
arccsch x=ln
x 2. Express the variable in terms of the f ( x , y , z )=3 x 2 y 4 z .
III. APPLICATIONS other relevant variable/s.
A. Slope of a Curve 3. If the function consists of more than A. 6 xy 4 zdx+12 x 2 y 3 zdy+3 x 2 y 4 dz
The slope of a curve y = f(x) at any point one variable, express it in terms of 2 3 4 2 4
is identical to the derivative of the function one variable (if possible) using the B. 12 x y zdx+6 xy dy+3 x y dz
4 2 4 2 3
dy/dx or y’. conditions of the problem. C. 6 xy zdx+3 x y dy+12 x y zdz
B. Rate of Change 4. Differentiate the equation and 2 3 2 4 4
The derivative of a function is identical to equate to zero. D. 12 x y zdx+3 x y dy+6 xy dz
its range of change. Thus, dy/dx can also F. Time Rates 9. Find the approximate change in
be interpreted as the rate of change of y If a quantity x is a function of time, the y=3 x 2 −x 1/2 from 2 to 2.004.
with respect to x. time rate of change of x is given by dx/dt. A. 0.0544 C. 0.0433
Time rate of change is the derivative of Basic time rates: B. 0.0466 D. 0.0384
any function with respect to time t. Velocity = time rate of change of 10. The diameter and the altitude of a right
C. Curvature and Radius of Curvature displacement circular cone are 10 cm and 16 cm,
Curvature refers to the rate of change of Acceleration = time rate of change of respectively. Find the maximum
the direction of a curve. The curvature, k, velocity percentage error in the volume when
of the curve y = f(x) is: Discharge = time rate of change of these dimensions are in error ±0.60 cm.
d2 y volume A. 11.50% C. 15.75%
| | B. 8.25% D. 18.25%
dx 2
k= =¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ PRACTICE PROBLEMS: 11. If y = 4cos x + sin 2x, what is the slope of

[ )]
2 3/ 2
1+ ( dy
dx
2 x 2−x
lim 2
the curve when x = 2?
A. -2.21 C. -4.94
The radius of curvature, , is the 1. Evaluate x →∞ x + x . B. 0.03 D. 1.86
reciprocal of the curvature, k. A. 2 C. 0 12. Find the acute angle between the two
B. 1 D. -1 curves y = x2 and y = x3 + x2 + 1 at their
2 3/2
1 [ 1+ ( y ' ) ] [ tan 2 x −2sin x ] point of intersection.
ρ= = ¿¿ lim A. 63.44o C. 76.07o
k ¿¿ 2. Evaluate x →0 x
3
. o
B. 71.57 D. 78.78o
At any point on the curve y = f(x), where A. 0 C. 3 13. Find the equation of the normal to the
y’ and y” exist and y”  0, there is B. Undefined D. infinity curve 2x2 – 3xy + y – 18 = 0 at (3, 0).
associated with the curve a circle which is x−5
A. 2x + 3y – 6 = 0 C. 3x + 2y – 9=0
called the circle of curvature with the 3.
2
Determine the limit of x −x−20 as x B. 2x – 3y – 6 = 0 D. 3x – 2y – 0=0
following equation: approaches 5. 14. Find the equation of the line passing
A. 0.333 C. 0.111 through the point (8, - 4) and tangent to
B. 0.247 D. 0.254 the curve x2 + 2xy – y2 + 6x + 41 = 0.
 A. 2x – 7y – 44 = 0 C. 3x– 4y – 40=0 A. 102.06 m2/s C. 113.69 m2/s 35. Find the largest area of an isosceles
2
B. 7x – 2y – 64 = 0 D. 4x – 3y –44=0 B. 138.42 m /s D. 127.33 m2/s triangle with vertex at (0, 2) that is
15. Determine the sub-tangent of the curve x2 27. Find the rate at which the volume of a inscribed in the ellipse 4x2 + 9y2 = 36.
+ 2x – 32y + 1 = 0 at a point where the right circular cylinder of constant altitude A. 6.36 sq. units C. 7.79 sq. units
slope is 1. of 10 ft changes with respect to its B. 7.09 sq. units D. 5.20 sq. units
A. 10 units C. 11.31 units diameter when the radius is 5 feet. 36. Determine the area of the largest
B. 9.13 units D. 8 units A. 25 cfs C. 40 cfs rectangle that can be inscribed in a
16. Find the sub-normal of the curve y = x3 at B. 50 cfs D. 60 cfs parabola having a base of 6 m and an
(2, 8). 28. In the equation x2 + 4x –y + 4 = 0, find the altitude of 10 m. The base of the parabola
A. 98 units C. 94 units coordinate of the point where the is perpendicular to its axis.
B. 96 units D. 92 units abscissa and the ordinate change at A. 17.89 m2 C. 20 m2
17. Find the slope of the curve r = sin2  at  equal rates. B. 23.09 m2 D. 54.54 m2
= /3. A. (-1/2, 9/4) C. (1/2, 25/4) 37. Find the largest area of a parabola that
A. 4.24 C. -5.20 B. (-3/2, ¼) D. (3/2. 49/4) can be inscribed in a right circular cone
B. 5.20 D. -4.24 29. A kite, at a height of 60 ft, is moving with a radius 4 m and an altitude of 11 m.
18. Find the angle between the radius vector horizontally at a rate of 5 ft/sec away from A. 54.50 m2 C. 40.55 m2
2
and the tangent line of the curve r = aSec the boy who flies it. How fast is the cord B. 50.45 m D. 45.50 m2
2 at  = /8. being released when 100 ft are out? 38. Find the volume of the smallest cone that
A. 18.43o C. 26.57o A. 3.28 ft/s C. 4.28 ft/s can be circumscribed about a sphere of
B. 63.43 o
D. 71.57o B. 3 ft/s D. 4 ft/s radius 8 cm.
19. Find the point of inflection of the curve y = 30. A circular cylinder block 24 cm in A. 4,688.73 cc C. 4,032.82 cc
3x5 + 5x4. diameter is inserted vertically at a rate of B. 4,419.01 cc D. 4,289.51 cc
A. (1, 8) C. (0, 0) 8 cm/s into a liquid contained in a circular 39. A cardboard box manufacturer wishes to
B. (1, 0) D. (-1, 2) cylindrical tank 50 cm in diameter. Find make boxes from rectangular pieces of
20. Find the radius of curvature of the ellipse the rate at which the liquid surface is cardboard 30 cm by 40 cm by cutting
16x2 + 9y2 = 144 at (0, 4). rising. squares from four corners. Find the
A. 2.25 units C. 2.50 units A. 2.88 cm/s C. 2.00 cm/s largest volume contained by each box.
B. 2.75 units D. 2 units B. 2.50 cm/s D. 2.40 cm/s A. 3,042.30 cc C. 3,062.30 cc
21. Find the center of curvature of the curve y 31. A particle moves to the left on the B. 3,032.30 cc D. 3,052.30 cc
= sin x at (/2, 1). parabola y2 + 8x – 16 = 0, where x and y 40. Find the shortest distance of the point (6,
A. (/2, ½) C. (/2, 0) are in meters, with a constant speed of 12 3) to the parabola y = x2.
B. (/3, ½) D. (/3, 0) m/s. Find the horizontal component of the A. 4.47 units C. 4.12 units
22. If s = t2 – t3, where s is the distance in velocity when the particle is 3 m from the B. 4.36 units D. 4.24 units
meters and t is the time in seconds, find origin. 41. A body of weight W = 120 N is pulled
the velocity when the rate of change of A. 6.93 m/s C. 9.80 m/s along a horizontal plane by a force
the velocity is zero. B. 6 m/s D. 1.39 m/s inclined at an angle  measured from the
A. ¾ m/s C. 1/3 m/s 32. A man is walking towards a building 15 m horizontal. The angle of friction between
B. 2/3 m/s D. ½ m/s high. A billboard 4 m high is located on the plane and the body is 0.30. Find the
23. Water flows into a conical tank at the rate top of the building. How fast is the least value of force F to impend motion.
of 2 m3/s. The conical tank is 4 m across subtended angle of the billboard changing A. 31.02 N C. 39.16 N
the top and 6 m deep. When the depth of when the man is 20 m from the building? B. 36.00 N D. 34.48 N
water is 5 m, how fast is the wetted The eye level of the man is 1.50 m above 42. The cost of fuel per hour for running a
surface area of the tank changing? the ground. ship is proportional to the cube of the
A. 2.40 m2/s C. 2.53 m2/s A. 0.813o/s C. 0.381o/s speed and is P1,350 per hour when the
B. 2.16 m2/s D. 2.77 m2/s B. 0.183 /s o
D. 0.318o/s speed is 12 miles per hour. Other costs
24. Water is flowing into a spherical tank 24 33. A light is placed on the ground 32 feet amount to P6,400 per hour regardless of
m in diameter at a rate of 2 cu.m/s. Find from a building. A man 6 feet tall walks the speed. Find the speed that makes the
the rate of water rise after 40 minutes. from the light towards the building at a cost minimum.
A. 0.0092 m/s C. 0.0144 m/s rate of 6 ft/sec. Find the rate at which his A. 16 mph C. 15 mph
B. 0.0180 m/s D. 0.0046 m/s shadow on the building is decreasing B. 12.8 mph D. 20 mph
25. At a certain instant, the dimensions of a when he is 16 ft from the building. 43. Two vertical poles 15 ft and 20 ft high and
rectangular parallelepiped are 4, 5, and 6 A. 5.10 ft/s C. 3.40 ft/s 21 ft apart are to be reinforced by a wire
feet, and they are each increasing, B. 6.80 ft/s D. 4.50 ft/s connected to the top of the pole and tied
respectively, at the rates of 1, 2, and 3 34. Two spheres of radii 5 cm and 12 cm are to a stake driven in the ground between
feet per second. At what rate is the 36 cm apart on center. If a source of light the poles. At what distance from the
volume increasing? is placed along their line of centers, how shorter pole should the stake be for the
A. 118 cu.ft/s C. 138 cu.ft/s far must it be from the center of the wire to be minimum?
B. 124 cu.ft/s D. 142 cu.ft/s smaller sphere so that the greatest A. 9 ft C. 11 ft
26. The sides of a triangle measuring 40 m, surface area is illuminated? B. 10 ft D. 12 ft
32 m, and 16 m increase at the rates of 2 A. 4.08 cm C. 7.63 cm 44. The strength of a rectangular beam varies
m/s, 5 m/s, and 3 m/s, respectively. How B. 6.47 cm D. 5.21 cm as the product of the width and the
fast is the area of the triangle changing? square of the depth. Find the area of the
 strongest beam that can be cut from a
circular log of diameter 300 mm.
A. 38,729.83 mm3 C. 36,055.51 mm3
B. 42,426.42 mm3 D. 37,416.57 mm3
45. A particle travels around the limacon r = 3
+ 2cos  with a constant angular velocity
of 2 rad/s, where r is in meters and  in
radians. Find the velocity and
acceleration of the particle when  = /2.
A. v = 6.51 m/s; a = 24 m/s2
B. v = 5.77 m/s; a = 25 m/s2
C. v = 8.49 m/s; a = 18 m/s2
D. v = 7.21 m/s; a = 20 m/s2