Differentiation Rules

d d
1. [ C f (x )] = C [ f ′(x ) ] 2. [ f (x ) ± g (x ) ] = f ′ (x ) ± g ′ (x )
dx dx
d
3. [ f (x ) g (x )] = f ′(x ) g (x ) + f (x ) g ′(x ) (Product Rule)
dx
d  f ( x ) f ′( x ) g ( x ) − f ( x ) g ′ ( x )
=
dx  g ( x ) 
4. (Quotient Rule)
[g (x )] 2
d
5. [ f ( g (x ) ) ] = f ′ (g (x )) g ′ (x ) (Chain Rule)
dx

Table of Derivatives

d
1. (C ) = 0
dx
d  1
2.
d n
dx
( )
x = n x n −1 , in particular,
d
dx
( x) = 1 ,
d
dx
( x) = 21x , 1
  =− 2
dx  x  x

3.
d
dx
( )
a x = a x ln a , in particular
d
dx
( )
ex =ex
d 1 d
4. (
log b x = ) , in particular ( ln x ) = 1
dx x ln b dx x
d d
5. ( sin x) = cos x 6. ( cos x) = − sin x
dx dx
d 1 d 1
7. ( tan x) = 2
2
= sec x 8. (cot x) = − 2 = − csc 2 x
dx cos ( x) dx sin ( x)
d d
9. ( sec x) = sec x tan x 10. ( csc x) = − csc x cot x
dx dx

d 1 d 1
11. (arcsin x) = 12. ( a rc cos x) = −
dx 1 − x2 dx 1 − x2
d 1 d 1
13. (arctan x) = 14. ( arc cot x) = −
dx 1 + x2 dx 1 + x2

d 1 d 1
15. ( arc sec x) = 16. ( arc csc x) = −
dx x x2 − 1 dx x x2 − 1