Problem 2.

22 [Difficulty: 3]

Given: Velocity field

Find: Plot of pathline of particle for t = 0 to 1.5 s that was at point (1,1) at t = 0; compare to streamlines through same
point at the instants t = 0, 1 and 1.5 s

Solution:
dx dy v dy
Governing equations: For pathlines up = vp = For streamlines =
dt dt u dx

Assumption: 2D flow

dx 1 dy 1 1
Hence for pathlines up = = ax a = 2 vp = = b ⋅ y ⋅ ( 1 + c⋅ t ) b = 2 c = 0.4
dt s dt 2 s
s

dx dy
So, separating variables = a⋅ dt dy = b ⋅ y ⋅ ( 1 + c⋅ t) ⋅ dt = b ⋅ ( 1 + c⋅ t) ⋅ dt
x y

ln⎛⎜ ⎞ = a⋅ t ln⎛⎜ ⎞ = b ⋅ ⎛ t + 1 ⋅ c⋅ t2⎞

x y
Integrating x0 = 1 m ⎜ y0 = 1 m
⎝ ⎠
x0
⎝ y0 ⎠ ⎝ 2 ⎠

⎛ 1 2⎞
b⋅ ⎜t+ ⋅ c⋅ t
Hence x ( t) = x 0⋅ e
a⋅ t
y ( t) = e ⎝ 2 ⎠

2
2⋅ t 2⋅ t+ 0.4⋅ t
Using given data x ( t) = e y ( t) = e

v dy b ⋅ y ⋅ ( 1 + c⋅ t )
For streamlines = =
u dx a⋅ x

dy b ⋅ ( 1 + c⋅ t )
So, separating variables = ⋅ dx which we can integrate for any given t (t is treated as a constant)
y a⋅ x

ln⎛⎜ ⎞ = b ⋅ ( 1 + c⋅ t) ⋅ ln⎛ x ⎞
y
Hence ⎜x
⎝ y0 ⎠ a ⎝ 0⎠
b
⋅ ( 1+ c⋅ t)
a
y = y 0 ⋅ ⎛⎜ ⎞
x
The solution is
⎝ x0 ⎠
 b b b
⋅ ( 1+ c⋅ t) ⋅ ( 1+ c⋅ t) ⋅ ( 1+ c⋅ t)
a a a
y = y 0 ⋅ ⎛⎜ ⎞ t = 1 y = y 0 ⋅ ⎛⎜ ⎞ y = y 0 ⋅ ⎛⎜ ⎞
x x 1.4 x 1.6
For t = 0 = x = x t = 1.5 = x
⎝ x0 ⎠ ⎝ x0 ⎠ ⎝ x0 ⎠

Streamline and Pathline Plots

10
Streamline (t=0)
Streamline (t=1)
Streamline (t=1.5)
Pathline
8

6
y (m)

0 2 4 6 8 10

x (m)