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    11 views24 pages

    34534625463456

    Uploaded by

    Pablo Baquedano
    657656

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 24
    25 fee 2 oO Ee fa} Ea & (a) Available exclusively at GIRAIINGER. Ventilation Fundamentals Table of Contents Introduction to Fan Selection Terms & Tech Data Centrifugal Blowers Propeller Fans and Duct Fans Reading Performance Charts Cross Reference Chart Fan Selection Based on Fan Application General Commercial Ventilation Commercial Kitchen Ventilation General Industrial Ventilation Determining CFM Determining Static Pressure Preliminary Selections/Stability Considerations ‘Sound Levels/Motor Horsepower Installation Fan Performance Fan Dynamics and System Dynamics Safety Practices Basic Fan Laws Call or stop by your branch, or go online to grainger.com/dayton Page 3 Page 4 Page 6 Page 7 Page 8 Page 10 Page 12 Page 14 Page 15 Page 16 Page 17 Page 18 Page 19 Page 23 Page 24 Call or visit your local branch, or go online at grainger.com Ue Ce ea Terms & Tech Data HVAC Terminology [AMC (Ai Movement and Conrl Associaton, Ine) -A ronal reco ‘scvcaton tht exabsher andar ean certs te pertrmance fa tmowng doves. ‘reigned Arm which fr tothe single umber lpr sunmaton ofthe ‘oct Bands that have been adjusted o acount fr response ofthe human ea ound posse eve BHP (rake Horsepower) ~ Fan heseponer eed Bu (ete Thermal Unit) ~The amount of energy or het required oie the tempertie of ene pound of wae one dere Fatvenhet Bult One Bt pe our (CFM (Cubic Feet Per Minute) ~ A meas of oune ow ae, oa mv apa of nar mowing devi Volume of ar moved pr mint {0 (Desa) A ean fhe sound produced by an a mong deve {48(4)~ Sound evel ering on tne wg scl asunder Tis ‘Relig ads respon ot he meter to approxima tat ote ua ea. Free A Delvry ~The constors easing when tere aren flea restions 0 Stow 6 apres at net or out ot an a moving dee. ite Gorsepower ~The power aque t ve an a mong dove, H requred ‘ares wih tom conten. teh ~ Avake representing the ganic summation ofa 8 octave band values, juste rereamnt te fect oft 'K weighted network This se numba ating procs vst ruber compar ‘Octave Bands—The range of sound fequency that can be heard is dived into 8 ‘octave bad, Plenum Chamber ~ An ir compartment maintained under pressure to seve one or mare dstributng dues RPM (Revolutions Per Minute)-Spoed at which the sat ofan ar moving devices rotating. Sone ~ An intematonallyecngnized uni of loudness Sones ign. na ingle ‘umber the ota ound ouput of the un being tested One sone spproximately ‘sal othe sound ofa mader religeratorn a chen. A 3-sone fan for example, Suns tvice a quit to the human ea s sone fan. Sound Power Level ~The acoustic power rating fama sound source, expressed in dacbete SP (Static Pressure) ~ A measure ofthe esistanceto movement of forced air through a system or inctalation, caused by ductor, nes lovers et: Measured in inches of water gage ONG the height. in inches, to which the prossre vl i 3 ‘columa of water Fra given syste. Sat pressure vais asthe square ofthe ow rat. Ths, if flow rate is doubled, system resistance o tate pressure is increased four ‘TS (Tip Speed) ~The speed ofthe Hp ofa fan wheel r prop measured in fet per Venturi ~The formed ink of fan used ocirect laminar aici the fan to Improve performance. Propeller Fans and Duct Fans Propeller Fan (Axial Fan)~An air moving dovic in which the airflow is parallel ‘or axa to the shaft on which the propels mounted. These fans have good efficiency near re ac delvery and ae used primal in low static pressure, high volume applications. As SP is increased, HP increases and CFM decreases. Usually mounted in venturing, or other housing featuring simple construction and low cost, Duct Fan CTubeaxtal)~An ar moving device in which the air flow is parallel o ‘axa tothe shaft on wich the propeller is mounted. The propeller is housed ina ‘fndrical tube or duct. This design enables duct fans to operate at higher static Duct Fan Cubeaxia) pressures than propel fans. Commonly used in spray booth an ater ducted fo tahaust sam, Ae SP is created, MPincenses and CFM decease. Be sem Centrifugal Blower _-. 2 Centrifugal blowers are air moving devices in which the air flow is perpendicular to. > the shaft on which the wheel is mounted. The wheel is mounted in a serall-type rv \ housing, which Is necessary ta develop rated pressures. The fur classes of / centrifugal blowers are determined by wheel blade position with respect to the eo a Cos. direction of rotation. As SP is increased, HP and CFM decrease. 50088 onward Curve Forward Cuve Forward Curve (FC) Forward mc The tp of the blades are nclned in the decton of ean the most commen pe Of central lower Noraly used in restdrtil heating an ar contionng 7 Systems and ightduty exhaust systems where maxivuy ai delvery and ow nie eel ore requied Capable of pressures up to approximate 177 SP. Backward Incline (2D) Te tp ofthe blades ae inclined away rom the drection of aon Used in a ‘commercia/ndustrial, heavy-duty heating/cooling systems that equire heavy-duty ‘onstruction, non-ovetloading characteristics and stable air delivery These blowers ‘operate at higher efficiencies than forward curved blowers. Not as quiet as forward cure blowers because they operate at higher speeds. Can be used in systems up to {static pressure, Smaller diameter wheels ae supplied with ft blades: larger flamer wets ace sunped wih rfl blades to improve effilency Radial Blade Has straight blades that are toa lage extent, sl-ceaning. making thom suitable for various kids of material handling and paricle-and-gtease-laden ar Wheels are of simple constuction and have relatvely narow blades. They can withstand the high speeds required to operate at higher sale pressures (upto 12") but usually are noisier than FC ol blowers, Inline (Square Centrifugal Fan) Airflow i developed as ina centrifugal blower, but afte leaving the impel the aie is contained ina square housing and, by moans of tuning vanes. is discharged in an ‘xa direction, Emplys snge-net centrifugal wheels, usvally with backward inclined blades. The square centrifuga fn has performance characteristics similar ‘o a centrifugal blower and the compact physical configuration ofthe tubeaxa fan. Can be vertical or horizontally mounted, thes providing a simpler installation by, minimizing ned for duct turns and tansions Bacleward Incline ace! Racial Introduction to Fan Selection Reading Performance Charts “The most important part of selecting afan isthe ability to read the performance charts. Most of the performance charts inthe catalog are similar and are readin the same manner. The selection procedure for direct drive and belt drive fans are sight different Belt Drive Selection - Assume that a job requires a bel drive roof exhauster to move 2400 CFM against 025" SP. Refer to the performance madel at ‘the bottom of this page, Start atthe top ofthe chart with the 0.25" SP column. (All numbers in this column correspond to 0.25" SP) Now follow the column ‘downward until a value i found that sight exceeds 2400 CFM. In this case, 2710s the fist box that meets the performance requirements, cr ‘Sones Bhp 7 737 [Atthis performance point, the sone val is 174 and the fan Bhp required is 0727, By following the row tothe let, we can determine fan pm andthe fan stock number. In this case, the fan rpm is 1545 and the stock number is 7AS5Z Notice that 7AS57 is not the only model to choose from. If we fllow the 0.250" SP column down further, we find 2 performance point of 2434 CFM, AA this point, the sone value is 115 and the Bhp is 0332. Following across tothe left we ind the rpm to be 945. The stack number for this fan is 7ASS9 with 1/3 hp motor. Both the 7AS67 and the 7AS59 will perform the air movement task equally as well. However, the sound generated by the fan may have to be considered. Compare the sone values: 174 sones for the 7ASS7 and 11.5 sones forthe 7ASS9. The 7ASSO s about 24th quieter. Where alow sound fan is require, the 7AS59 would be a better selection, {loudness isnot a factor, the TASS9 would be a better selection because itis less expensive ‘Another factor to consider in fan selection isthe dimension of the base (ie. Curb cap size). Stock number 7AS63 wil also meet the air movement Fequirements with 2822 CEM at 0.250" SP. Akhough the ist performance is over 400 CFM greater than desired, utilizing the variable pitch pulleys provided vil allow the fan to meet the performance criteria. For example if a particular application has 2 285° curd installed, 7AS6: will require no aditional adapters as the fan base is 30°. For this example, the 7ASB3 is the better selection asthe total cost willbe less. Another possiiliy for this particular selection isthe 7ASSS. At 1360 rpm, ths fan will achieve 2347 CFM. Although this is sight less than the desired 200 CFM, at 0.25" SP was only an estimate, 1025" SP is believed to be an overestimate, then the 7AS56 would meet the performance requirements. ‘An advantage of choosing the 7ASS7 over the 7ASSG is that itis capable of running a higher rpm's, which enables the fan to move more ari necessary. As with all Dayton belt drive fans, intermediate CFM values are easily achieved by adjusting the motor pulley see illustration), Motor pulleys fre adjusted by loosening the set screw and turning the top half of the pulley (see ilustration). This causes the pulley diameter to change, which results in changing the fan ppm. pening the Pulley decreases fan RPM, Closing the Pulley increases fan RPM, Direct Drive Selection Selection of direct drive fans Qhose withthe motor shaft connected tothe fan whe! or propeller is nearly the same as belt drive selection. However, there are two differences worth noting. Where bel drive fan speed can be altered by adjusting the motor pulley, direct drive fans (since they have no pulleys) must Use a eifferent method, “To adjusta direct dive far’s speed (also motor speed) orto provide a means of meeting an exact performance requirements, a speed control can be fumished (except on 1725 rpm motors). Speed controls vay the voltage supplied to the fan and slows it down: aprincole similar tothe way dimmer light switehes work. Accessories [Most fans are ordered with accessories. Here are some common accessories for selected models: Model Conan Accessories Downblat Exhaust Vortlatrs Cantfgal Dies Drive and Bt Orie Roof Gur, Bacar Danper Upbiost Exiaust Ventre Cenage ak Dive ool Cub, Greate Contain Seva xhoust Supe Wall Mount Housing or Store Cabinet aed Oeting Ventre Speed Cool, Discharge Vents Trine Blowers Baska Damper When you're ready to order: Call or visit your local branch, or go online at grainger.com Introduction to Fan Selection ae oer ania 186 [151 a2 [18 2as1_| 206 | 2018 a |» [a Cross Reference Chart Pee} ves, cabinet cettngonttators | vavan | ner | crm | YOO8 | or se | secu | ce | zaye Ventilators vowat | oer | we | veo ML csp ve Gemini | Zephyr Sidewa Propel Fans ra | cor | com | 2 | vouwor] sess | cow | sw | StewanHarardoarPropaierFame- | nox | ua | va | WR | coc | saceisecs | vam | avo | oc.anr ‘rin Proper Fm - x [imine] ve | WOR | coc | soeses | we | amo | tc Seva oper Fane oc | mm | oe | me | concen | sseses | row | XM | cocoa ews Oy Proper one cen | nm | me | 0% | com | seesess | iow | 0h | oe ered Sup Fa - wisi | cas | ne | oe | oe we | SPB santa rou ov | wow | cuouao | cue | we | MERU | ramectx vst en er rovw | cou | ov | wx | cw | cw own | fuer ex pw | cau | nea | We | ueccue | cure | wero | ASR | panerrxe Pownbiet Exhaust Supiyveniaors-| iq | ane | ooan | tesa | nm | acas | ans | aa | xs Downie Eun erate wa [ome | ome | ome | ne | ame | om | seracn | na Poncentga Dret-rve van] coo | on | veow | cro | | can | ceo | ooneox DownbtetEchestvertinters- 1°28. coo | op | veek | cme | cs | nace | atte |omexoxs Haoded Raat na - cues] vm | mo | UB | me | moenes | we | HE . Hooded tae Reteasventitrs | cviw |e | ve | evar | tev | rime | maveve | va | amere UpbeetExraat versions | ya, | pe | cura | wen | 428° ] ou | omy [EYE eis ‘nina ethers xe | sec | cnx | vox | som | asa | ue | 9% | couex Aaline Duct Blowers &Flters- om | ona | wa ne ava Bor ne | SRE | Zephyr ze Forward Carve Blowers roe | uve | we | me ] au | so | sco | cor | oe enetore | reesco | ue | ne | ven | wee | sie | ceo | ome | me igh preseure Radial lade 400 MB ws ns na Pw wa MH) na OBR UxB, a ‘VaBA vsac ‘swe ws cPy,cPs, Preage ° Call or visit your local branch, or go online at graing, ee ee ea oc Basic Overview Ventilating a building simply replaces stale or foul air with clean, fresh air, Although the ventilation process is required for many different applications, the airflow fundamentals never change: indosired air out, frosh air in The key variables that do change depending on applications are the fan model and the air volume flow rate (CFM). Other considerations include the resistance to airflow (static pressure or SP) and sound produced by the fan (Sones). Occasionally, a customer will require a fan to perform a particular function, yet does not know which model to use or even what CFM is necessary. In this case, some fan specification work must be done, Fan specification is usually not a precise science and can be done confidently when the fan application is understood, Based on the application, four parameters need to be determined. They are: 1. Fan Model 2. CFM 3, Static Pressure (SP) 4, Loudness Limit (Sones) ‘The information that follows will help walk you through this type of problem and enable you to select the right fan for the job. Fan Model Fans all perform the basic funetion of moving air from one space to another. But the great diversity of fan applications creates the heed for manufacturers to develop many different models. Each model has benefits for certain applications, providing the most economical means of performing the air movement function. The trick for most users is sorting through all of the models available to find one that is suitable for their needs. Here are some guidelines. Direct Drive vs. Belt Drive Direct drive fans are economical for low volume (2,000 CFM or less) and low static pressure (0.50" or less). They require litle maintenance and most direct drive motors can be used with a speed control to adjust the CFM. Belt drive fans are better suited for air volumes above 2,000 CFM or static pressures above 0.50" Adjustable pulleys allow fan speed and CFM to be adjusted by about 25%, High temperature fans above 50% (above 122° F) are almost always belt driven Propeller vs. Centrifugal Wheel Propeller fans provide an economical method to move large air volumes (5,000 CFM) at low static pressures (0.50" or less). Motors are typically mounted in the airstream which limits applications to relatively clean air at maximum temperatures of 40% (108° F). Centrifugal fans are more efficient at higher static pressures and are quieter than propeller fans, Many centrifugal fan models are designed with motors mounted out of the airstream to ventilate contaminated and high temperature al. Fan Location Fan models are designed to be mounted in three common locations: on a roof, in a wall, or in a duct, Whatever the location, the basic fan components do not change, Only the fan housing changes to make installation as easy as possible. Determining the best location for a fan depends on the airflow pattern desired and the physical characteristics of the building, By surveying the building structure and visualizing how the air should flow, the place to locate the fan usually becomes evident, Examples of fans installed in common applications are illustrated on the following pages. Even if you come across an application that is not shown in this manual, the concepts remain the same. Poe a) F.1 1 Fan Selection Based On Fan Application General Commercial Ventilation Downblast Exhaust Vemtilators ‘Sidewall Exhaust Ventilators Centrifugal Direct Drive Direct Drive 100-4,300 CFM Up to 1.25" SP al Downblast Exhaust Ventilators = > Centrifugal Belt Drive ener Se toiotsrsr ~~ on ‘The above stock numbers are designed for exhausting relatively clean air at temperatures up to 130° F. Motors are out of the air stream. Some of the smaller direct drive ventilators are equipped with 3-speed motors for maximum airflow flexibility. All direct drive Units except 1,725 rpm can be used with a speed control Up to 1.0" SP Up to 1.0" SP eo a Ceiling ventilators and inline cabinet ventilators are designed for exhausting relatively clean air at temperatures up to 104° F. Motors are in the airstream, All stock numbers are direct drive and can be used with a speed control Inline Duct Blowers Inline Duct Blowers 1,000-23,000 CFM Forward Curve Upto 3.0" SP. 700-10,000 CFM Upto 10" SP sane ~ Fs Inline duct blowers are versatile fans that can be used for exhaust or supply and can be mounted in any position ‘Two removable side panels provide access for service. Call or visit your local branch, or go online at graing, Fan Selection Based On Fan Applicat Typical Commercial Ventilation Installations Downblast Exhaust Ventilators Contrtugal Direct Drive or Sel Drive Fxhaust through wall or root Accessory Roo! Vert — \ 5 ‘Accessory Inline Cabinet Fan Celling/ Floor seal] a Exhausting through an outside wall is often the Best solution when penetrating the roots not practical * Illustrations show fan types typically used in these applications, The specific fan stock number required depends on the conditions of each individual application. 10 Oe ae) F.1 1 eC ee ay LOC LE Commercial Kitchen Ventilation Recommended Exhaust Fans ome aiess Upbiast Exhaust Ventilators Sidewall Exhaust Ventilators Backward Incline Centrifugal Belt Drive Centrifugal Direct Drive Belt Drive Blowers To0-19,000 CFM 100-4,300 CFM 1,000-30,000 CFM. Up to2.0" SP Up to 1.25" SP Upto 4.0" SP. The above stock numbers are designed for exhausting dirty or grease-laden air up and away from the roof line or away from the wall in commercial restaurant applications, All three models are UL 762 listed for restaurant applications and for operation with air temperatures up to 300° F. Recommended Supply Fans — sAus6 Filtered Supply Ventilators % Inline Duct Blowers Centrifugal Belt Drive 1,000-23,000 CFM 900-14,900 CFM Up to 30" SP Up to 20" SP The above stock numbers are designed to provide efficient economical make-up air to replenish the air exhausted through the kitche hood, Provisions for make-up air must be considered for proper kitchen ventilation. Call or visit your local branch, or go online at graing, Fan Selection Based On Fan Applicat Commercial Kitchen Ventilat Cenwifuga Bak Drive ered Supply Venator Upbeat Exhaust Venttor Centiugal Bele Vented Cure Outside Supply Ae Sidowall Enaus, Replacing txnosten Fan Opton Exhaust Hood This drawing shows a commercial kitchen with a typical kitchen ventilation system consisting of ‘roof mounted upblast exhaust fan and a supply fan. Exhaust fan variations include the sidewall ‘exhaust fan (also shown) when penetrating the ‘oo isnot practical The utilty blower is recommended when higher static pressure capabiliy is required to pull exhaust through long duct runs (typicaly 3 stories or more). cooxing Equipment Exhaust When not specified by local codes, the following guidelines may be used to determine the minimum kitchen hood exhaust CFM, ‘Some local codes require 100 CFM/Ft of hood area for wall style hoods. supply ‘Type of Cooking Equipment _CFM/Ft* of Hood Recommended supply airflow is 90% of exhaust CFM. The Light Duty Oven, Range, Kettle 50 remaining 10% of supply air will be drawn from areas adjacent to [ Medium Duty Fiver Grid 5 the kitchen, which helps prevent undesirable kitchen odors from | Heavy Duty Charbrole, Elect Broler 7 ‘fing into areas such as the dining room, ‘Static pressure typically ranges from .625" to 1.0" for 1 story buildings NFPA Considerations — — The National Fire Protection Association specifies minimum distance TC = = criteria for restaurant exhaust and supply one SS 1. Roof deck to top of exhaust fan windband - 40" min. [ub = = et 2. Roof deck to top of curb - 18" min. 3. Supply fan intake - 10' min, from all exhaust fans, For applications where the 10" horizontal distance cannot be met, vertical a) => -= separation between exhaust and supply must be at least 3 feet. C7 j - " Oe ae) F.1 1 Ua ee ia LEC General Industrial Ventilation ‘Sidewall Propeller Fans 2,000-68,500 CFM Up to 19" SP = jo ~ Intake Louvers Seal < Proper x - . pe \ Outside ai Spl ai \ J boing exhausted “ < nA Upblat Exhaust Veratrs Upblast Exhuast Ventilators ‘cal Be Dre ‘Auial Belt Drive $,400-64,000 CFM Up to 08" SP Ah rk Loading Dock doors hr <—]| < outside ai <<] — emerng rou | eerroie Hooded Rot Stony Fan Hooded Roof Fans 4,500-23,000 CFM > ~ Up to 0.375" SP 1 LN N CO) _ tm ge ak grainy an ing Cuts ian in by | Bock Doors S| -— | era ie er 088 = door opening > Typical Applications Propeller fans are ideal for ventilating high air volumes at low static pressures (0.50" or less). Industral applications often include factories and warehouses. A variety of fan modets offer flexbilty for roof or wall mount as well as exhaust or suppl. However, because the motors are mounted inthe airstream, these models are not recommended for temperatures above 104° F. ar] Call or visit your local branch, or go online at grainger.com Fan Selection Based On Fan Application General Industrial Ventilation Backward noting Bek Drive Blowers no} Discharge Air Sed - Inake Louvers 4N\ aN Outside air Ct renlacing ir ‘Work [7 Work [7 Work being exhausted Staton Station Station 3896 - Backward Incline Belt Drive Blowers 1,000-30,000 CFM Up to 4.0" SP Inne ut blower fen j-—Builtinto dt system Fa piesa P - Office Space , Work Work ‘Stale air exiting S vn t sal Inline Duct Blowers 1,000-23,000 CFM Up to 3.0” SP Typical Applications Blowers are general, all-purpose fans that are capable of moving high air volumes against high static pressures (up to 4.0" WG) High static pressures are generated by long or complex duct systems, especially wien capture hoods are present. Both models can be used for either exhaust or supply. Belt drive blowers are designed to be mounted indoors or outdoors, while infine duct blowers can be used indoors only. 13 ary Oe ae) F.1 1 Ee a Determining CFM Once the fan type is known, the amount of air exchanged must be determined (CFM). Your local building codes should contain information pertaining lo the suggested air changes for proper ventilation. he ranges specified will adequately ventilate the corresponding areas in most cases. However. extreme conditions may require “Minutes per Change” outside of the specified range. To determine the actual number needed within a range, consider the geographic location and average duty level of the area. For hot climates and heavier than normal area usage, select a lower number in the range to change the air more quickly. For moderate climates with lighter usage, select a higher number in the range. To calculate the CFM required to adequately ventilate an area, divide the room volume by the appropriate “Minutes per Change’ value ‘Suggested Air Changes for Proper Ventilation ~~ Room Volume Room Volume = Lx Wx H crm =" MinChg Area Min/Chg Area Min/Che, ea Min/Chg. Assombly Hall 2.10 Dance Hall 37 wi 28 Ate 2a Dining Room +8 Office 28 Aucitorium a-10 Dormitores 5a Packing House 25 Bakery 23 Dry Cleaner 25 Plating Room 15 Bar 24 Engine Room 3 Printing Plant ae Barn 218 Factory 27 Projection Room 12 Beauty Palor 28 Foundry 15 Recreation Room 28 Boller Room 13 Garage 210 Residence 26 Bowling Alley 37 GeneratorRoom 245 Restaurant 510 Cafeteria 35 Gymnasium 38 Restroom 7 Chureh 410 kitchen 15 Store a7 Classroom “6 Laboratory 25 “Transfer Room 15 Club Room 27 Laundry 2 Warehouse a0 Corridors/Halls 6-20 Machine Shop 36 Dairies 28 Meeting Room 10 ‘Sample Scenario Abbullding requires an exhaust fan to ventilate a general office. The office measures 25° x 40'x 8: The office is generally crowded. Solution: ‘The total room volume is 25' x 40' x & = 8000 ft’. From the chart, the range for “Minutes per Change" for a general office is 2-8. Since the office usage is heavier than normal, 4 minutes per change is recommended, 000 ft 4 min = 2000 CFM Since the air to be exhausted is relatively clean, this is an ideal application for a Dayton Belt-Drive Downblast Centrifugal Roof Ventilator. NOTE: For simplicity in this example, it can be assumed that make-up air was provided through a set of louvers at the wall furthest from the exhaust fan. If there were no provisions for make-up air in this room, a supply fan would also have to be sized. The supply CFM should generally equal the exhaust CFM. Supply fan location should be as far as possible from the exhaust fan. fxhaust fn — ‘obese Ss ___ Savers to supply Makeup ar Call or visit your local branch, or go online at graing, Fan Selection Based On Fan Applicat Determining Static Pressure The pressure generated by fans in ductwork is typically very small, An accurate measurement of static pressure is critical to proper fan selection however. Fan static pressure is measured in inches of water gauge. One pound per square inch is equivalent to 277" SP, Static pressure in fan systems is typically less than 2" SP, or 0,072 Psi The Exhaust Fan drawing below to the lef illustrates how static pressures are measured in ductwork with a manometer. pressure differential between the duct and the atmosphere will cause the water level in the manometer legs to rest at different levels. This difference is the static pressure measured in inches of water gauge. In the case of the exhaust fan in the drawing, the air is being drawn upward through the ductwork because the fan is producing a low pressure region at the top of the duct. This is the same principle that enables beverages to be sipped through a straw. The amount of static pressure thatthe fan must overcome depends on the ar velocity in the ductwork, the number of duct tuins (and other resistive elements), and the duct length. For properly designed systems with sufficient make-up air, the guidelines in the table below to the right can be used for estimating static pressure. STATIC PRESSURE GUIDELINES Exhaust Fan Non-Duct 008" 020 Ducted (02° to 0.40" per 100 feet of duct, =u {assuming duct air velocity falls I within 1,000-1,800 feet per minute) Fikings 1.08" per fitng (elbow, register, aril, damper, tc) Kitchen Hood Exhaust 0.525" to 150" + pirtow Important: State pressure requirements are significantly afected by the amo S ‘of make-up ay supple to an area Insuicient make-ip at wl inoese sa Duet _Almospheric pressure and reduce the amount of ar that wil be exhausted. Rememaer, fo Pressure ‘280h cubic oat ofa” exhausied, ane cube oot of ar must be supaied, 271 manometer A wner To calculate the system losses, one must know the ductwork system configuration (see the Ductwork drawing below to the right) This duct is sized for air velocities of 1,400 feet per minute. Ductwork Referring tothe static pressure chart, that will result in about 0: Airflow to per 100 feet. Since we have 10 feet of total ductwork, our pres- exhaust fan sure drop due to the duct is: Damper Tear 10, =.03" There is also a 0,08” pressure drop for each resistive element or fiting. For this example, there are 5 fitings: one gril two duct turns, one damper and louvers in the wal of the office. The total te pressure drop for fittings is: 5 x0.08" _————>| Therefore, the total pressure drop is: Bt 0.03" + 0,40" = 0.43" Gril For convenience in using selection charts, round this value up to Airflow out of the nearest 1/8", which would be 0.50" SP. restaurant of: DOO eee Sc eee: .1 10 n Based On Fan Application Preliminary Selection ‘Avthis point in the selection process, we know the fan, CFM, and SP. With this information we can refer to the performance charts fo the selected stock number to determine the available sizes to move 2000 CFM against 0.50” SP. In our case, all of the criteria can be met by more than one particular stock number. When this occurs, choose one that provides the greatest airflow range about the desired CFM. For example, many direct drive fans have three speeds. If possible, choose a size that Uses the middle rpm. This will allow some final system adjustment if the actual CFM the job requires is somewhat higher or lower once the fan is installed. Belt driven fans have adjustable motor pulleys which allow for the fan speed to be varied approximately 10% With belt drive units, avoid selecting a fan near the maximum rpm of a size to allow for final adjustments as necessary. For this example, there are three stock numbers to choose from. These sizes, along with their performance data are listed in the table below. eer ee a 2186 138) 58 2070 us rn 2087 Stability Considerations Whenever there is more than one size to choose from, itis not recommended to select from the performance box in the far right column for any given rpm unless the SP is known to be accurate, For example, the stock number 7AS59 selection of 2010 CFM at 050" SPs the far right selection at 945 rpm, The next box tothe right (0.750" SP) is empty because the performance at that point is unstable, This means that 2010 CFM at 0.50" SP is marginally stable CFM Air Delivery @ Static Pressure Shown = = = : Eee eared eid ee cee Ree Wa 395 | 026 | 123 | weo2 | 1625 | 1557 | waa | 40a | 1214 US" | awe fie 1550 [036 [143 | 1a80 | te20 | 1759 | 1696 [629 [1475 | 1289 m7 i7s_[ oso [170 | 2008 | aose_| tose | 192e [teri | i743 | 1600 m7 wo7s [26 [ea | voxe | vee [i771 [tea [1490 | zi vss Ws vwo_[ 03st [io | 2170 [2087 _| 198s [vas [i734 [i358 | AWU98 | iaae [2 vae0_|ass_ [138 | 2523 | 20a3_| 2307 _| 2259 (RBS 1943 | 1602 aia isas_[ 078 | 174 | 2066 | 2767 | ano | 25sn | 2556 | 2sea | 2177 1 vwos_[ 105 [20 | 3168 | soo | 3020 [2082 | ees [2739 [2678 1 eas [038 | 11s | 2701 | 2612 | 243 | 2736 (OOM = : 4096 | sg ayy LZ roo [oss _[141_|szaa | s095 [2003 [277 | 2615 [2t08 | . aia v250_[ 070 [170 | 3602 [2587 | su22 | sze9 [st90 [ese [zane 1 1375 | 105 | 196 | 4062 | 3636 | 3615 | 3694 | 3571 | 3300 | 3007 1 aio | 035 [a7 | sis0_| 2097 | 2932 [262 [2575 [ i We suo [ose [120 | 3855 | a6a7_| saa | szaa [3052 [2601 | — ayus7 3/4 1055 |o7 | 149 | soz | 3990 | 3867 | saz | 3596 | 3252 | 2611 1 eee re [ 1.1 7e_| 60 | aso | aaox | 200 | 179 | 3900 | 3575 2 335 [is7 [21 | sig | sioz [soi [aois [wai [aso | a3ae 2 vaso [205 [24 | 5677 | 5596 | ssa | saz5 | saa6 | 5155 | aoe TA ess _[ oss [es | s6a0 | ase | soa [270 [BOM - - We 7mo_| oss | 107 | a261_ | aois | a7a [sar | stax [ - avuse | 91 4p [ae aso_| 077 | 129 | «759 | asa | azso | aose | a5i1 | 005 | — . 1 6s | 109 | 154 | saa0_| 5158 | 4027 | a72o0 | 4520 | aos | 3200 ria os0_[155_[ a9 | 6032 | 5870 | se82 | 5a73_| 5301 [4925 [4060 A 1200[ 209 | 23 | 600 | saga | 336 | 61s | s059 | ses1_| 527 = Drive package nel ineluded in unt Call or visit your local branch, or go online at graing Fan Selection Based On Fan Applicat Sound Levels In many cases, the sound generated by a fan must be considered. For the fan industry, a common uni for expressing sound pressure levels the sone. In practical terms, the loudness of one sone is equivalent tothe sound of a quiet retigerator near from fve feet away in an acoustically average oom, Sones are a linear measurement of sound pressure levels, For example, a sound level of 10 sones is twice as loud as § sones, Refer to the Suggested Limits for Room Loudness chart to determine the acceptable sone range for the application, As a general guideline, choose a fan that has a sone value within the range specified NOTE: Rooms with hard co Rooms with soft construct nay be selected struction (concrete block, tile floors, et) reflect sound. For these rooms, select fans onthe lower end ofthe range 0 of those with carpeting and drapes, etc, absorb sound. For these rooms, fans near the higher end ofthe range Our example describes an exhaust fan for an office, Referring to the Suggested Limits for Room Loudness chart, offices should have a loudness range from 4 to 12 sones. Of our remaining three selections, only the 4YUS7 has a sone value of less than 12. Therefore, the 4YU97 isthe best selection for this application. ‘Suggested Limits for Room Loudness, Sones DBA 13-40 32-48 Private homes (rural and suburban) 17-50 36-51 Conference rooms 20-60 38-54 Hotel rooms, libraries, movie theatres, executive offices 25-80 41-58 Schools and classrooms, hospital wards, and operating rooms 30-90 44-60 Court rooms, museums, apartments, private homes 40-120 48-64 Restaurants, lobbies, general open offices, banks 50-150 51-87 Corridors and halls, cocktail lounges, washrooms and toilets 70-210 56-72 Hotel kitchens and laundries, supermarkets 120-36 64-80 Light machinery, assembly lines 150-50 67-84 Machine shops 25-60 74-87 ‘Heavy machinery From AMCA Publication 302 (Application of Sone Ratings for Non-Ducted Air Moving Devices with Room-Sone-dBA correlations). Motor Horsepower The motor horsepower for direct drive fans is always sized by Dayton and does not require further consideration, For belt drive models, the catalog identifies which horsepower is recommended. However, there are times when its wise to bump the horsepower one size. For example, the hp recommended for the 4¥U97 at 810 rpm is 1/3 hp. Although @ 1/3 hp motoris recommended, itis not necessarily a good motor selection for this application. Qur static pressure of 0.5" was only an estimate, It may actually tum out to be 625 Ir this is the case, we will need a 1/2 hp motor because our fan will have to run at almost 900 rpm (Fefer to performance box - 2844 CFM at 0.825" SP). Therefore choosing a 1/2 hp motor in this case is exercising good judgement The complete model designation for this application is 7AS6A, NOTE: the 7A564 has an rpm range of 700-940 (refer to stock number columa in catalog). This means that if the static pressure is less than estimated, say 0.25° SP, the fan can be slowed down to accommodate this condition, Oe ae) F.1 1 n Based On Fan Application Roof Fan Installation ‘To ensure proper fan performance as cataloged, caution must be exercised in fan placement and connection to the ventilation system Obstructions, transitions, poorly designed elbows, improperly selected dampers, etc., can cause reduced performance, excessive noise, and increased mechanical stressing, For the fan to perform as published, the system must provide uniform and stable airflow into the fan, coop POOR > > AAA Uniform Flow VV Improperly sized or obstructed damper Elbow too close to fan inlet Wall Fan Installation Good Installation 1, Exhaust fans are placed on the opposite end of a structure from the intake or supply area. Fresh air is drawn through the entire structure, 2. Do not locate exhaust and supply fans on the same wall. This short circuits the airflow pattern, and does not allow for complete ventilation of the structure 3. Intake shutters and supply fans should be located on the windward side of a building to capture the prevailing wind, Exhaust fans should blow with prevailing winds. ed \ se 18 Bad Installation 1, Do not locate exhaust fans where they could push against each other. When unavoidable, separate the fan discharge by at least 6 wheel or propeller diameters, 2, Install exhaust fans in a location to eliminate recirculation into other parts of the building such as through open windows or int supply fans. Call or visit your local branch, or go online at grainger.com Le ‘The first two sections of this guide contain information needed to select the right fan for the particular application. The information in this section is useful once the fan has been selected and installed on the job. ‘The fan curves and system resistance curves below will help to solve fan performance problems that may be encountered in a variety of applications. Fan Dynamics ‘fan is simply an air pump. The rate at which a fan can “pump” air depends on the pressure the fan must overcome. This principle also relates to water pumps. A water pump is able to deliver more water through a 2" diameter hose than 1" diameter hose because the 1” hose creates more resistance to flow. For a fan, every flow rate (CFM - Cubic Feet per Minutes) corresponds to a specific resistance to flow (SP = static pressure). The sories of CFM, SP points for a fan at a constant rpm is called a fan curve, A fan curve at 700 rpm is shown below on the left. ‘At0.25" SP, this fan will deliver 1000 CFM. Ifthe pressure increases, CFM decreases. Ifthe pressure decreases, CFM will increase. At 700 rpm, the operating point will slide along the fan curve as static pressure changes, but it will never lie off the curve. In order for a fan to perform at a point off the curve, the rpm must be changed. The figure below on the right illustrates how rpm affects the fan curve. Notice that the general shape of the curves are the same. Changing rpm simply moves the curve outward or inward. Fan Cune Varying Fan Curve or 7 : a ee id ‘700 RPM 08) e co gfoa as System Dynamics For a given flow rate (CFM), an air distribution system produces a resistance to airflow (SP). This resistance is the sum of all static pressure losses as the air flows through the system. Resistance producing elements include ductwork, dampers, grils, coils, ete ‘Aan is simply the device that creates the pressure differential to move air through the system The greater the pressure differential created by the fan, the greater the volume of air moved through the system. Again, this is the same principle that relates to water pumps, The main difference in our case is that the fan is pumping air, Tests have established a relationship between CFM and SP, This relationship is parabolic and takes the form of the following equation: SP=Kx (CFM? Where K is the constant that reflects the “steepness of the parabola, This equation literally states that SP varies as the square of the CFM, For example, whenever the CFM doubles, the SP will increase 4 times. The figures on the next page graphically ilustrate this concept. 19 20 Oe ae) F.1 1 Le ‘System Dynamics (Cont) System Resistance Curve Varying System Resistance Curve 10] * 1.0} 2 0. 2 aa SI a, ae 0.0! oo! | Sample problem Ifa system is designed to move 1,000 CFM at a resistance of 0.25" SP, what staic pressure would the fan have to overcome to produce 2,000 CFM of airflow? Solution: Since static pressure varies as the square of CFM, we can solve for the new SP (SP.) with the following equation: a sr.

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