Literature

-Origin

-Interpret literature as any printed matter written within a book, a magazine or a

pamphlet.

Why do we need to study Philippine literature?

1. So that we can better appreciate our literary heritage.
2. We have to manifest.
3. we can trace the rich heritage of ideas handed down to us from our forefathers.
4. We need to understand our home heritage.

Time-frame in philippine literature

YEAR PERIOD

1898 to 1910 Orientation

1910 to 1925 Iimitation

1925 to 1941 Self-discovery

1941 to 1945 Japanese

1946 to 1970 Rebirth of freedom

1970 to 1972 Activism

1972 to 1981 New society

1981 to 1985 Third republic

1986 Contemporary
Literary composition that have influenced the world

1. The bible or sacred writings 7. The Divine comedy

2. Koran 8. El cid Campeador
3. The iliad and odyssey 9. The song of roland
4. The mahabharata 10. The book of the dead
5. Canterbury tails 11. The book of the days
6. Uncle tom's cabin 12. The arabian nights
Classification of Literature according to genre
biographies
myhths
autobiographies
Short stories tales essays

legends diaries
novels speeche
s

fiction non-fiction

Literary Genres

prose
poetry

narrative essay
lyrics dramatic
Short story
ode novel
epic comedy
fables
ballads elegy tradegy
legends
sonnete melodrama
Metrical tale plays
Metrical song Historical play
romance
Simple lyric

PRE-SPANISH PERIOD (1521-1898)

Long before the Spaniards and other foreigners landed or set foot on Philippine
shores, our forefathers already had their own literature stamped in the history of our
race.

Pre-Spanish Literature is characterized by:

A. LEGENDS. F. Riddles
B. FOLK TALES. G. Chants
C. THE EPIC AGE. H. Maxims
D. FOLK SONGS. I. Saying
E. Epigrams
The Spanish Period (1521-1898)

Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565 during the time of Miguel
Lopez de Legazpi, the first Spanish governor- general in the Philippines. Literature
started to flourish during his time. The Spaniards colonized the Philippines for more
than three centuries. During these times, many changes occurred in the lives of
Filipinos. This gave rise to the formation of the different classes of society like the rich
and the landlords.

● Spanish occupied Philippines in early 15th century.

● First Filipino alphabet is Alibata.
● when Spanish colonized Philippines they changed alibatas into Roman alphabet.

Notable Works

★ Doctrina Christiana - First Book Printed in the Philippines. Manila, 1593.

★ Barlaan at Josaphat - printed in the Philippines by Fr. Antonio de Borja, S.J. in
1708.
★ Ibong Adarna - a mythical story, formed in narrative song and poetry called
corrido.
★ Florante at Laura - by Francisco Baltazar (also known as Balagtas).
★ Urbana at Felisa - By Modesto De Castro during 1938.
★ Ang Pasyon - A narrative poem about life and sufferings of Jesus in the hearts
and mind of the natives 1704.

Recreational play

★ Tibag - Dramatic performance for the purpose of manifesting devotion for the
holy cross.
★ Cenaculo - Dramatic performance of the passion and death of Christ.
★ Moro-Moro - Also known as Comedia an old spanish play depicting Spain’s
struggles against the Moors, who at one invaded the Spain.
★ Karagatan - This is a socio religious play which is part of the rites held in
connection with the death of a person. This ritual done four times.
★ Duplo - Another socio religious play also played in the connection with the death
of the person to comfort the bereaved family.
★ Lagaylay - A special occasion for the pilareños of sorsogon during maytime to get
together.
★ Zarzuela - The father of drama, a musical comedy or melodrama three acts
 which death with men’s passion and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty,
avarice or some political problem.
★ Panunuluyan - Philippine Christmas dramatic ritual narrating the whole family’s
search for a place to stay in Bethlehem for Jesus Christ's birth through songs.
★ Salubong - Dramatize s the reunion of the risen Christ and his mother.
★ Awit - Have measures of twelve syllables and slowly sung to the accompaniment
of a guitar or banduria.
★ Dung- aw - A chant in free verse by a bereaved person or his representative
besides the corpse of the dead.
★ Corrido - Have measures of eight syllables and recited to a martial beat.
★ Balagtasan - A poetic joust or contest of skill in debate on a particular topic.
★ Sainete - A short musical comedy popular during the 18th century. They were
exaggerated comedy shown between acts plays and were mostly performed by
characters from the lower class.