VOL. 14, NO.

10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608

ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

SIMULTANEOUS EFFECTS THERMAL DIFFUSION AND DIFFUSION

THERMO ON MHD NON-NEWTONIAN CASSON FLUID FLOW
ALONG A VERTICALLY INCLINED PLATE IN PRESENCE
OF FREE CONVECTION AND JOULES DISSIPATION
D. V. V. Krishna Prasad1, G. S. Krishna Chaitanya2 and R. Srinivasa Raju3
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, R. V. R. and J. C. College of Engineering, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Acharya Nagarjuna University College of Engineering, Nagarjuna Nagar, Guntur,
Andhra Pradesh, India
3
Department of Mathematics, GITAM University, Hyderabad Campus, Rudraram, Telangana State, India
E-Mail: srivass999@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
This paper derives numerical solutions of completely developed free convection with heat and mass transfer flow
towards a vertically inclined plate in presence of Casson fluid, thermal diffusion, diffusion thermo, heat source and porous
medium. In energy equation, the effects of viscous dissipation and Joule dissipation effects are discussed. The numerical
solution for the governing nonlinear boundary value problem is based on the numerical method scheme over the entire
range of physical parameters. The transmuted governing partial differential equations are resolved numerically by
employing finite element method. His impact of pertinent flow parameters on momentum, thermal and mass transport
behaviour including the skin-friction factor, thermal and mass transport rate are examined and published with the
assistance of graphical and tabular forms. Favourable comparisons with previously published work on various special cases
of the problem are obtained.

Keywords: thermal diffusion; diffusion thermo; casson fluid; magnetic field; free convection; joule dissipation; finite element method.

Nomenclature: Cp Specific heat at constant pressure

List of variables: J Kg K 
1

C w Concentration of the plate ( Kg m 3

) Nu The local Nusselt number coefficient
y Dimensionless displacement ( m ) Re Reynolds number
2
T Fluid temperature away from the plate (K) Dm Mass diffusivity ( m /s)
u Velocity component in x  direction Tm Mean fluid temperature (K )
1
(m s ) kT Thermal diffusion ratio
x Coordinate axis along the plate ( m ) Sr Thermal diffusion parameter
y Co-ordinate axis normal to the plate ( m ) Du Diffusion thermo parameter
3
C Fluid Concentration ( Kg m 3
) CS Concentration susceptibility ( Kg / m )
T Fluid temperature (K ) Sc Schmidt number

Tw Fluid temperature at the wall K  D Solute mass diffusivity ( m

2
s 1 )
B0 Uniform magnetic field (Tesla)
Cf The local skin-friction coefficient

C Concentration of the fluid far away from the vo Constant Suction velocity ( m s 1 )
plate ( Kg m3 ) Kr Chemical reaction parameter
Qo Dimensional Heat generation parameter
u Fluid velocity ( m s 1 )
Q Heat generation parameter
Gc Grashof number for mass transfer
Sh Ko Permeability parameter
The local Sherwood number coefficient
g Acceleration of gravity, 9.81 ( m s 2 ) Ec Eckert number
Gr Grashof number for heat transfer Greek Symbols:
M2 Magnetic field parameter  Kinematic viscosity ( m
2
s 1 )
Pr Prandtl number
 Species concentration ( Kg m3 )

1876
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
 The constant density ( Kg m3 )
 Volumetric coefficient of thermal
expansion ( K 1 )
* Volumetric Coefficient of thermal
expansion with concentration ( m
3
Kg 1 )
 Fluid temperature K 
 Electric conductivity of the fluid ( s m 1 )
 Thermal conductivity of the fluid
W / mK 
 Angle of inclination parameter (degrees)
 Casson fluid parameter
Superscripts:
/ reservoirs, and ground water. Bahloul et al. [22] gave the
Dimensionless properties
Subscripts:
 Free stream conditions
p Plate
w Conditions on the wall
1. INTRODUCTION
The theory of non-Newtonian fluid is a part of
fluid mechanics based on the continuum theory that a fluid
particle may be considered as continuous in a structure.
Pseudo plastic time independent fluid is one of the non-
newtonian fluids whose behaviour is that Viscosity
decreases with increasing velocity gradient e.g. polymer
solutions, blood, etc. Casson fluid is one of the
pseudoplastic fluids that means shear thinning fluids. At
low shear rates the shear thinning fluid is more viscous
than the Newtonian fluid, and at high shear rates it is less
viscous. So, MHD flow with Casson fluid is recently
famous. Casson [1] presented Casson fluid model for the
prediction of the flow conduct of pigment-oil suspensions.
Dash et al. [2] discussed on Casson fluid flow in a pipe
with a homogeneous porous medium. Akbar [3], [4], [5],
[6] has studied Casson Fluid flow in a Plumb
Duct/asymmetric channel. Mohyud-Din [7], [8] has
discussed on magnetic field and radiation effects on
squeezing flow of a Casson fluid between parallel plates.
Raju [9] has studied effect of induced magnetic field on
stagnation flow of a Casson fluid. Kataria [10], [11], [12]
published the work on unsteady free convective MHD
Casson/micropolar/nano fluid flow with different
boundary conditions. Recently, Makanda [13], [14] has
discussed effects on radiation as well as chemical reaction
on Casson fluid flow. Abbasi [15], [16], [17], [18], [19],
[20] has considered three dimensional MHD flow with
different fluid and different physical conditions.
The natural convection of binary fluids flow in
porous media has attracted great research interest during
the past few decades. While a good number of works have
made significant contributions for the development of the
theory, an equally good number of works have been
ISSN 1819-6608
devoted to the numerous industrial, natural and
geophysical applications. Double-diffusive convective
flows in a differentially heated vertical annulus have been
intensively studied in relation to applications such as
oxidation of surface materials, cleaning and dying
operations, fluid storage components and energy storage in
solar ponds [21]. Consideration of two kinds of problems
concerning the convection of a binary mixture filling a
porous layer is in the literature. The first kind of problem
considers flows induced by the buoyancy forces resulting
from the imposition of both thermal and solute boundary
conditions on the layer. The second kind of problem
considers thermal convection in a binary fluid driven by
Soret-effects. For this situation, the species gradients are
not due to the imposition of solute boundary conditions.
Rather, they result from the imposition of a temperature
gradient in an otherwise uniform-concentration mixture.
This phenomenon has many applications in geophysics, oil
reviews of previous works done in this direction. Alloui
and Vasseur [23] studied analytically and numerically the
double-diffusive and Soret-induced natural convection in a
shallow rectangular cavity filled with a micropolar fluid.
Lakshmi Narayana et al. [24] investigated the stability of
Soret-driven thermo-solutal convection in a shallow
horizontal layer of a porous medium subjected to inclined
thermal and solutal gradients of finite magnitude
theoretically and observed that the Soret parameter has a
significant effect on convective instability. Prasad et al.
[25] considered the thermo-diffusion and diffusion-thermo
effects on MHD free convection flow past a vertical
porous plate embedded in a non-Darcian porous medium.
Ibrahim and Suneetha [26] investigated the effects of Soret
and heat source on steady MHD mixed convective heat
and mass transfer flow past an infinite vertical plate
embedded in a porous medium in the presence of chemical
reaction, viscous and Joules dissipation. Sai and Huang
[27] considered steady stagnation point flow over a flat
stretching surface in the presence of species concentration
and mass diffusion under Soret and Dufour effects.
Bhattacharya et al. [28] investigated the Soret and Dufour
effects on convective heat and mass transfer in stagnation-
point flow towards a shrinking surface by using shooting
technique. Makinde et al. [29] studied the Soret and
Dufour effects on boundary layer flow past a moving plate
with chemical reaction. Raju et al. [30], Nadeem et al.
[31] and Jayachandrababu et al. [32] analyzed the heat
transfer in the non-Newtonian fluid across the stretching
sheet by viewing parameters like Brownian motion and
thermophoresis parameters. They observed that the
decrement in the temperature distribution increases the
thermophoresis and Brownian motion lessens the rate of
heat transfer performance. With the help of homotopy
analysis method Xu et al. [33] explained the stagnation
point flow of the non-Newtonian fluids. Later on, Sajid et
al. [34] made the relative study between HAM and HPM
methods for the non-Newtonian fluid flow over a thin film
and found that HAM is the better and simple method to
guarantee the convergence of the solution series. Hayat et
al. [35] analyzed the Soret and Dufour effects on magneto
1877
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

hydrodynamic flow of Casson fluid over a stretching which the rate of chemical reaction is directly
sheet.
proportional to the species concentration.
Therefore our work can be considered as
extension of Ibrahim and Suneetha [26]. So Novelty of vii. The magnetic Reynolds number is so small that the
this paper is discussion of numerical solutions using finite
induced magnetic field can be neglected.
element method of steady free convective Casson fluid
flow past over an inclined vertical plate in the presence of viii. Also no applied or polarized voltages exist so the
a thermal diffusion, diffusion thermo and heat generation
effect of polarization of fluid is negligible.
with joule dissipation through porous medium. Plots for
the influence of embedded flow quantities on the velocity, ix. All the fluid properties except the density in the
temperature and concentration are displayed and discussed
buoyancy force term are constants.
in detail. The physical quantities of the local Nusselt and
Sherwood numbers with skin-friction coefficient are The rheological equation of state for the Cauchy
summarized in the tabular form for the engineering stress tensor of Casson fluid [36] is written as
parameters. We also validated the present methodology
with already existing methodologies under some limited    0   * (1)
cases. The free convective conditions are useful in
improving the heat and mass transport phenomena.
  py 
 2  B  eij ,    c
2 
2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
 
In this work, the combined effects of thermal equivalently  ij   (2)
2   p y e ,   
diffusion and diffusion thermo on free convection flow of
  B 2 c 
an incompressible and electrically conducting viscous ij c
fluid in presence of Casson fluid, heat generation,
chemical reaction and applied magnetic field. The flow
configuration of the problem is presented in Figure-1. where  is shear stress,  0 is Casson yield stress,  is
For this investigation, let us assume that
dynamic viscosity,  * is shear rate,   eij eij and eij is
x   axis is taken along the vertical infinite porous
i.
the i, j th component of deformation rate,  is the
plate in the upward direction and the y   axis normal product based on the non-Newtonian fluid, c is a critical
to the plate. value of this product,  B is plastic dynamic viscosity of
the non-Newtonian fluid,
ii. Initially, for time t   0, the plate and the fluid are at
some temperature T in a stationary condition with  B 2
py  (3)

the same species concentration C  at all points.
iii. A transverse constant magnetic field is applied, i.e. in denote the yield stress of fluid. Some fluids require a
gradually increasing shear stress to maintain a constant
the direction of y   axis. strain rate and are called Rheopectic, in the case of Casson
iv. Since the motion is two dimensional and length of the fluid (Non-Newtonian) flow where    c

plate is large therefore all the physical variables are py

  B  (4)
independent of x . 2
v. The temperature at the surface of the plate is raised to
Substituting Eq. (3) into Eq. (4), then, the
uniform temperature Tw and species concentration at kinematic viscosity can be written as

the surface of the plate is raised to uniform species  B  1 

  1  
    
(5)
concentration C w and is maintained thereafter.

vi. A homogenous first order chemical reaction between

The governing equations of continuity,
fluid and the species concentration is considered, in momentum, energy and mass for a flow of an electrically
conducting fluid are given by the following:

1878
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

Continuity Equation: v

 0  v  Vo Vo  0 (6)
y

Momentum Equation:
u  1   2u   B02   
v   1   2  g T  T cos    g C  C cos    
  *
  u   u (7)
y    y     K 

Energy Equation:
T      2T     u   Bo2  2 Qo  Dm kT   2C
2

v      u   T   T     
y  C p  y2  C p  y   C p 
(8)
C p   C C  y2
 S p
Species Diffusion Equation:
C  2C  D k   2T 
v D  kr C  C    m T  (9)
y y 2
 Tm  y
2

together with initial and boundary conditions

t   0 : u   0, T   T , C   C for all y 
 (10)
 u   0, T   Tw , C   Cw at y  0 
t  0 :  
 u   0, T   T , C   C as y   

Figure-1. Physical configuration and coordinates system.

a --- Momentum boundary layer, b --- Thermal boundary
layer, c --- Concentration boundary layer

Let us introduce the following non-dimensional

variables and parameters:

u yVo T   T C   C B  V x g Tw  T  

u , y ,  , , M 2  o 2 , Re  o , Gr  ,
Vo  Tw  T Cw  C Vo  Vo3 
g (Cw  C )
*
K Vo 2
C p  Qo Vo 2 
Gc  , K  , Pr  , Sc  , Q  , Ec  , 
C p Tw  T  
(11)
Vo3
o
2  D C pVo2
k  D k (C   C ) D k T   T   
Kr  r 2 , Du  m T w , Sr  m T w  
Vo CS C p Tw  T  Tm (Cw  C ) 

The above defined non-dimensionless variables in Eq. (11) into Eqs. (7), (8) and (9), and we get

 1   2u u
1   2   
 M 2  K o u  Grcos    Gccos    0 (12)
   y y

1879
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

2
 2     u    2 
y
 Pr  
  Pr Ec    Pr Ec  M 2 u   Pr Q   Pr Du  2   0
2
(13)
 y  y   y 
2


 2    2  discretization is adopted here. Other features of the

 Sc    Kr Sc   Sr Sc  2   0 (14) method include seeking continuous polynomial,
y 2 y  y  approximations of the solution over each element in term
of nodal values, and assembly of element equations by
with connected initial and boundary conditions imposing the inter-element continuity of the solution and
balance of the inter-element forces. It is the most versatile
t  0 : u  0,   0,   0 for all y numerical technique in modern engineering analysis and

 u  0,   1,   1 at y  0  (15) has been employed to study diverse problems in heat
t  0:  transfer [39], fluid mechanics [40], chemical processing
 u  0,   0,   0 as y    [41], rigid body dynamics [42] and many other fields. The
method entails the following steps:
The Skin-friction at the plate, which in the non-
dimensional form is given by 3.1.1 Finite element discretization: The whole domain is
divided into a finite number of sub-domains, which is
called the discretization of the domain. Each sub domain is
 1      1  u 
Cf  1   w   1    (16) called an element. The collection of elements is called the
   Vo  y0    y  y0 finite-element mesh.

3.1.2 Generation of the element equations

The rate of heat transfer coefficient, which in a) From the mesh, a typical element is isolated and the
the non-dimensional form in terms of the Nusselt variational formulation of the given problem over the
number is given by
typical element is constructed.

 T   b) An approximate solution of the variational problem is

 
 y   y0    assumed and the element equations are made by
Nu  x  Nu Re 1    (17) substituting this solution in the above system.
Tw  T  y  y 0
c) The element matrix, which is called stiffness matrix,
The rate of mass transfer coefficient, which is constructed by using the element interpolation
in the non-dimensional form in terms of the Sherwood functions.
number, is given by
3.1.3 Assembly of the element equations: The algebraic
 C   equations so obtained are assembled by imposing the inter
  element continuity conditions. This yields a large number
 y  y0    of algebraic equations known as the global finite element
Sh  x  Sh Re 1    (18)
Cw  C  y  y 0
model, which governs the whole domain.

3.1.4 Imposition of the boundary conditions: On the

3. NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS BY FINITE assembled equations, the Dirichlet's and Neumann
ELEMENT METHOD boundary conditions (15) are imposed.

3.1 Finite element method: The finite element method
(Bathe [37] and Reddy [38]) has been employed to solve
Eqs. (12)-(14) under boundary conditions (15). Finite
element method is widely used for solving boundary value
problems. The basic concept is that the whole domain is
divided into smaller elements of finite dimensions called
“Finite Elements”. Thereafter the domain is considered as
an assemblage of these elements connected at a finite
number of joint called “Nodes”. The concept of
3.1.5 Solution of assembled equations: The assembled
equations so obtained can be solved by any of the
numerical technique called Gauss elimination method.
3.2 Variational formulation: The variational formulation
associated with Eqs. (12)-(14) over a typical two-noded
linear element  ye , ye1  is given by

ye 1
 1   2u  u  
 w1 1   2     Nu  Gr cos    Gc cos  dy  0 (19)
ye    y  y  

1880
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

ye1   2     u 
2
  2 
 w2  2  Pr    EcPr    Pr EcM u   Pr Q   Pr Du  2 dy  0
2
(20)
ye  y  y   y   y 

ye 1
  2      2 
 w3  2  Sc    Kr Sc   Sc Sr  2 dy  0 (21)
ye  y  y   y 

1 in u ,  and  respectively. After reducing the order of

Where N M2  and w1 , w2 , w3 are
integration and non-linearity, we arrive at the following
Ko
system of equations:
arbitrary test functions and may be viewed as the variation

 1  w1  u   u  
1      w1    N w1 u  Gr w1 cos    Gcw1 cos    dy
ye 1
   y  y   y  
   1  u 
ye 1 0 (22)

 w1 1   

ye

    y  ye

 w2        u  u  
    Pr w2    Ec Pr w2     Pr Ec w2 M u u 
 y  y   y   y  y 
y e 1
dy
   w    
ye
 Pr Q w2   Pr Du w2  2    (23)
  y  y  
y e 1
      
 w2    Pr Du w2   0
  y   y  y e

ye 1
 w3        w   
     Sc w3    Kr Sc w3   Sc Sr w3  3  dy
ye  y  y   y   y  y 
(24)
ye 1
      
 w3    Sr Sc w3   0
  y   y  ye

3.3 Finite element formulation concentration respectively at the jth node of typical eth
 ye , ye1  and  are the shape functions for
The finite element model may be obtained from e
Eqs. (22) - (24) by substituting finite element element i
approximations of the form: this element  ye , ye1  and are taken as:
2 2 2
u   u ej ej ,     ej ej ,    ej ej (25)  1e 
ye1  y
and  2e 
y  ye
, ye  y  ye1 (26)
j 1 j 1 j 1 ye1  ye ye1  ye

With w1  w2  w3  ej (i  1, 2) , where The finite element model of the equations for

eth element thus formed is given by
u ej ,  ej and  ej are the velocity, temperature and

1881
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

  K  K  u  M  M  M  u  b 

 K 11 12 13 e 11 12 13 e 1e

  K  K     M  M  M      b 

 21
K
22 23 e 21 22 23 e 2e

  K  K    M  M  M     b 

(27)
 K 31 32 33 e 31 32 33 e 3e


Where K , M  and u ,  ,  , u ,   ,    and b   m, n  1, 2, 3 are the set of
mn mn e e e e e e me
matrices
d
of order 22 and 2 1 respectively and
/'
(dash) indicates . These matrices are defined as
dy
 1  e1   ie   j 
 
y e
dy, K ij12  N  ie  ej  dy, M ij12  M ij13  0, M ij31  M ij32  0,
ye 1

K 11
 1      
   ye  y  y 
ij
 ye

      dy, M ij  M ij  0,
ye 1 ye 1

K ij13  Gr  Gccos     ie  ej dy , M ij11  e 21 e 23

i j
ye ye

   dy  Pr Q    dy,

ye 1 ye 1

K 21
ij  EcPr M    e
j
e
j i
e
  e   ej 
e
j
e
i ye 1

K    i   dy,

 y 
ye ye 22


ij
ye  
 y  
  j   j  e   i   j 
 
ye 1 e e ye 1 e

   i  j dy, K ij   Ec Pr  
ye 1 e
M ij33 e e 23
    
 y  i
  
 dy  Pr Du     
 y dy,
ye ye 
y   ye 
 y  
    j 
e 
  
ye 1 e ye 1

   ie  ej dy,
ye 1

M ij22 K ij32  Sr Sc    i  dy  Kr Sc   ie  ej dy,


ye 
y  y 
ye
K 31  0, ij
ye

ye 1
  e   ej  
  y   Pr Du  ie  y  ,
ye 1

   i  dy, bi2e    ie

33
K 
 y  y 
ij
ye      ye
y e1 ye 1
         1  u 
b   ie    Sr Sc  ie   , bi1e    ie
3e
  1   
 y   y  ye    y  ye
i
 

The whole domain is subdivided into two noded When these differences satisfy the desired accuracy, the
elements. In a nutshell, the finite element equation are solution is assumed to have been converged and iterative
written for all elements and then on assembly of all the process is terminated. The Gaussian quadrature is
element equations we obtain a matrix of order 328×328. implemented for solving the integrations. The code of the
After applying the given boundary conditions a system of algorithm has been executed in MATLAB running on a
320 equations remains for numerical solution, a process PC. Excellent convergence was achieved for all the
which is successfully discharged utilizing the Gauss- results.
Seidel method maintaining an accuracy of 0.0005. A
convergence criterion based on the relative difference 4. STUDY OF GRID INDEPENDENCE OF FINITE
between the current and previous iterations is employed. ELEMENT METHOD

1882
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

Table-1. Grid Invariance test for primary velocity, secondary velocity and temperature profiles.

Mesh (Grid) Size = 0.0001 Mesh (Grid) Size = 0.001 Mesh (Grid) Size = 0.01
u θ ϕ u θ ϕ u θ ϕ
0.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000 0.0000000 1.0000000 1.0000000
0.8480260 0.1395750 0.2033457 0.8540495 0.1410919 0.2034235 0.8599686 0.1425892 0.2034936
0.7580782 0.0142992 0.0378721 0.7630903 0.0146008 0.0380398 0.7680142 0.0149034 0.0382000
0.7464278 0.0023998 0.0059360 0.7512104 0.002465 0.0060143 0.7559059 0.0025318 0.0060904
0.7450653 0.0010531 0.0007495 0.7498058 0.0010853 0.0007703 0.7544595 0.0011179 0.0007907
0.7449343 0.0009072 0.0000729 0.7496684 0.0009339 0.0000764 0.7543157 0.0009609 0.0000799
0.7449250 0.0008944 0.0000053 0.7496584 0.0009204 0.0000057 0.7543047 0.0009467 0.0000061
0.7449243 0.0008935 0.0000001 0.7496578 0.0009195 0.0000002 0.7543041 0.0009457 0.0000002
0.7448659 0.0008910 0.0000019 0.7495923 0.0009167 0.0000020 0.7542313 0.0009426 0.0000021
0.7231130 0.0007731 0.0000122 0.7270228 0.0007924 0.0000126 0.7308382 0.0008118 0.0000130
0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000

To investigate the sensitivity of the solutions to 5. VALIDATION OF CODE

mesh density, it was observed that in the same domain the
accuracy is not affected, even if the number of elements is
increased, by decreasing the size of the elements. This
serves only to increase the compilation times and does not
enhance in any way the accuracy of the solutions, as
shown in table 1. Thus, for computational purposes, 1000
elements were taken for presentation of the results.
Excellent convergence was achieved in the present study.
For code validation purpose, we compared our
numerical results with the exisistance analytical results of
Ibrahim and Suneetha [26] in Tables 2-10, in the absence
of non-newtonian Casson fluid, diffusion thermo and
angle of inclination. From these tables, it is observed that
the relevant results obtained agree quantitatively with
earlier results of Ibrahim and Suneetha [26].

Table-2. Comparison of present skin-friction coefficient results with the skin-friction coefficient results of
Ibrahim and Suneetha [26] for Pr = 0.71, Ec = 0.001, Q = 0.1, Sc = 0.60, Kr = 0.1, Sr = 0.5 values.
Skin-friction results of Ibrahim
Gr Gc M2 Ko Present Skin-friction results
and Suneetha [26]
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.5344158758 2.5427
5.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 3.8045221862 3.8114
3.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 3.8422569218 3.8502
3.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 1.2150048321 1.2210
3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.1296604855 2.1306

Table-3. Comparison of present Nusselt number coefficient results with the Nusselt number coefficient results of
Ibrahim and Suneetha [26] for Pr = 0.71, Ec = 0.001, Q = 0.1, Sc = 0.60, Kr = 0.1, Sr = 0.5 values.
Present Nusselt number Nusselt number coefficient results
Gr Gc M2 Ko
coefficient results of Ibrahim and Suneetha [26]
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 0.5744128932 - 0.5877
5.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 0.5799621843 - 0.5854
3.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 - 0.5766291847 - 0.5852
3.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 - 0.5744120589 - 0.5888
3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 - 0.5741152286 - 0.5885

1883
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

Table-4. Comparison of present Sherwood number coefficient results with the Sherwood number coefficient results
of Ibrahim and Suneetha [26] for Pr = 0.71, Ec = 0.001, Q = 0.1, Sc = 0.60, Kr = 0.1, Sr = 0.5 values.
Present Sherwood Sherwood number coefficient results of
Gr Gc M2 Ko
number coefficient results Ibrahim and Suneetha [26]
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 0.5299854128 - 0.5338
5.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 - 0.5293315487 - 0.5345
3.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 - 0.5293315487 - 0.5345
3.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 - 0.5299564875 - 0.5335
3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 - 0.5298813044 - 0.5336

Table-5. Comparison of present skin-friction coefficient results with the skin-friction coefficient results of
Ibrahim and Suneetha [26] for Gr = 3.0, Gc = 1.0, Ko = 1.0, Sc = 0.60, Kr = 0.1, Sr = 0.5 values.
Present Skin-friction Skin-friction results of Ibrahim
Pr Ec Q
results and Suneetha [26]
0.71 0.001 0.100 2.5344158758 2.5427
1.00 0.001 0.100 2.2344581209 2.2469
0.71 0.002 0.100 2.5395144783 2.5481
0.71 0.001 0.005 2.5194420185 2.5250

Table-6. Comparison of present Nusselt number coefficient results with the Nusselt number coefficient results of
Ibrahim and Suneetha [26] for Gr = 3.0, Gc = 1.0, Ko = 1.0, Sc = 0.60, Kr = 0.1, Sr = 0.5 values.
Present Nusselt number Nusselt number coefficient results of
Pr Ec Q
coefficient results Ibrahim and Suneetha [26]
0.71 0.001 0.100 - 0.5744128932 - 0.5877
1.00 0.001 0.100 - 0.8744125869 - 0.8856
0.71 0.002 0.100 - 0.5741128321 - 0.5859
0.71 0.001 0.005 - 0.6488526189 - 0.6543

Table-7. Comparison of present Sherwood number coefficient results with the Sherwood number coefficient
results of Ibrahim and Suneetha [26] for Gr = 3.0, Gc = 1.0, Ko = 1.0, Sc = 0.60, Kr = 0.1, Sr = 0.5 values.
Present Sherwood number Sherwood number coefficient results of
Pr Ec Q
coefficient results Ibrahim and Suneetha [26]
0.71 0.001 0.100 - 0.5299854128 - 0.5338
1.00 0.001 0.100 - 0.4395521863 - 0.4454
0.71 0.002 0.100 - 0.5299841207 - 0.5343
0.71 0.001 0.005 - 0.5066954128 - 0.5141

Table-8. Comparison of present skin-friction coefficient results with the skin-friction coefficient results of Ibrahim
and Suneetha [26] for Gr = 3.0, Gc = 1.0, M 2 = 1.0, Ko = 1.0, Pr = 0.71, Ec = 0.001, Q = 0.1 values.
Present Skin-friction Skin-friction results of Ibrahim
Sc Sr Kr
results and Suneetha [26]
0.6 0.1 0.5 2.5344158758 2.5427
1.0 0.1 0.5 2.4396221077 2.4412
0.6 0.3 0.5 2.4710026344 2.4806
0.6 0.1 1.0 2.6041102500 2.6109

1884
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

Table-9. Comparison of present Nusselt number coefficient results with the Nusselt number coefficient results of
Ibrahim and Suneetha [26] for Gr = 3.0, Gc = 1.0, M 2 = 1.0, Ko = 1.0, Pr = 0.71, Ec = 0.001, Q = 0.1 values.
Present Nusselt number Nusselt number coefficient results of
Sc Sr Kr
coefficient results Ibrahim and Suneetha [26]
0.6 0.1 0.5 - 0.5744128932 - 0.5877
1.0 0.1 0.5 - 0.5788621154 - 0.5880
0.6 0.3 0.5 - 0.5796620017 - 0.5879
0.6 0.1 1.0 - 0.5796621035 - 0.5875

Table-10. Comparison of present Sherwood number coefficient results with the Sherwood number coefficient results
of Ibrahim and Suneetha [26] for Gr = 3.0, Gc = 1.0, M 2 = 1.0, Ko = 1.0, Pr = 0.71, Ec = 0.001, Q = 0.1 values.
Present Sherwood number Sherwood number coefficient results
Sc Sr Kr
coefficient results of Ibrahim and Suneetha [26]
0.6 0.1 0.5 - 0.5299854128 - 0.5338
1.0 0.1 0.5 - 0.8291154387 - 0.8373
0.6 0.3 0.5 - 0.6855200133 - 0.6912
0.6 0.1 1.0 - 0.3752210668 - 0.3804

6. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

1.2

0.9
Gr = 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0
u
0.6

0.3

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-2. Gr influence on velocity profiles.

1885
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

1.2

0.9
Gc = 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0
u
0.6

0.3

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-3. Gc influence on velocity profiles.

In order to get a physical insight into the
problem, a representative set of numerical results is shown
graphically in Figure-2, Figure3, Figure-4, Figure-5,
Figure-6, Figure-7, Figure-8, Figure-9, Figure-10, Figure-
11, Figure-12, Figure-13, Figure-14, Figure-15, Figure-16,
Figure-17, Figure-18, Figure-19, Figure-20 and Figure-21
to illustrate the influence of physical parameters such as
Grashof number for heat transfer (Gr), Grashof number for
mass transfer (Gc), Magnetic field parameter (M 2),
Permeability parameter (Ko), Prandtl number (Pr), Schmidt
number (Sc), Eckert number (Ec), Heat source parameter
(Q), Chemical reaction parameter (Kr), Thermal diffusion
parameter (Sr), Diffusion thermo parameter (Du), Angle of
inclination parameter (α) and Casson fluid parameter (γ)
embedded in the flow system. The Prandtl number was
taken to be Pr = 0.71 which corresponds to air. In the
present study, the following default parameter values are
adopted for computations: Gr = 3.0, Gc = 1.0, Ko = 1.0, M
2
= 1.0, Ec = 0.001, Sc = 0.22 (Hydrogen), Q = 0.1, Pr =
0.71 (Air), Kr = 0.5, Sr = 0.1, Du = 0.5, α = 45o and γ =
0.5. All graphs therefore correspond to these values unless
specifically indicated in the appropriate graph.

1.2

0.9
M 2 = 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0
u
0.6

0.3

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-4. M 2 influence on velocity profiles.

1886
VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

1.2

0.9
Ko = 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0
u
0.6

0.3

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-5. Ko influence on velocity profiles.

1.2

0.9
γ = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0
u
0.6

0.3

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-6. γ influence on velocity profiles.

1.2

0.9
α = π/6, π/4, π/3, π/2
u
0.6

0.3

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
y
Figure-7. α influence on velocity profiles.

1887
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

The velocity profiles for different values of
Grashof number for heat transfer Gr are described in
Figure-2. It is observed that an increase in Gr leads to a
rise in the values of velocity. Here the Grashof number for
heat transfer represent the effect of free convection
currents. Physically, Gr > 0 means heating of the fluid of
cooling of the boundary surface, Gr < 0 means cooling of
the fluid of heating of the boundary surface and Gr = 0
corresponds the absence of free convection current. The
velocity profiles for different values of Grashof number
for mass transfer Gc are described in Figure-3. It is
observed that an increase in Gc leads to a rise in the values
of velocity. Figure-4 shows the effect of magnetic
parameter M 2 on the velocity. From this figure it is
observed that velocity decreases, in both the cases of air
and water, as the value of M 2 is increased. This is due to
the application of a magnetic field to an electrically
conducting fluid produces a dragline force which causes
reduction in the fluid velocity. Figure-7 depicts the
velocity profiles for various values of Ko. From this figure
it is observed that fluid velocity increases as Ko increases
and reaches its maximum over a very short distance from
the plate and then gradually reaches to zero for both water
and air. Physically, an increase in the permeability of
porous medium leads the rise in the flow of fluid through
it. When the holes of the porous medium become large,
the resistance of the medium may be neglected. The
velocity profiles in the Figure-7 shows that rate of motion
is significantly reduced with increasing of Casson fluid
parameter γ. The effect of angle of inclination of the plate
on the velocity field has been illustrated in Figure-8. It is
seen that as the angle of inclination of the plate increases
the velocity field decreases.

1.2

0.9
Pr = 0.025, 0.71, 7.0, 11.62
u
0.6

0.3

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-8. Pr influence on velocity profiles.

θ
0.5
Pr = 0.025, 0.71, 7.0, 11.62

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-9. Pr influence on temperature profiles.

1888
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

Figures 8 and 9 illustrate the velocity and
temperature profiles for different values of Prandtl
number. The numerical results show that the increasing
values of Prandtl number, leads to velocity decreasing.
From Figure-9, the numerical results show that, the
increasing values of Prandtl number leads to a decrease in
the thermal boundary layer, and in general, lower average
temperature within the boundary layer. The reason is that
smaller values of Pr are equivalent to increasing the
thermal conductivity of the fluid and therefore heat is able
to diffuse away from the heated surface more rapidly for
higher values of Pr. Hence, in the case of smaller Prandtl
number, the thermal boundary layer is thicker and the rate
of heat transfer is reduced. For various values of the
Schmidt number Sc, the velocity and concentration are
plotted in Figures 10 and 11. As the Schmidt number
increases, the concentration decreases. This causes the
concentration buoyancy effects decrease, yielding a
reduction in the fluid velocity. Reductions in the velocity
and concentration profiles are accompanied by
simultaneous reductions in the velocity and concentration
boundary layers. These behaviours are evident from
Figures 10 and 11.

1.2

0.9
Sc = 0.22, 0.30, 0.60, 0.78
u
0.6

0.3

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figurte-10. Sc influence on velocity profiles.

ϕ
0.5
Sc = 0.22, 0.30, 0.60, 0.78

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-11. Sc influence on concentration profiles.

Figures 12 and 13 has been plotted to depict the
variation of velocity and temperature profiles against y for
different values of heat source parameter Q by fixing other
physical parameters. From this Graph we observe that
velocity and temperature decrease with increase in the heat
source parameter Q because when heat is absorbed, the
buoyancy force decreases the temperature profiles. Figure-
14 displays the effect of the chemical reaction parameter
Kr on the velocity profiles. As expected, the presence of
the chemical reaction significantly affects the velocity

1889
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

profiles. It should be mentioned that the studied case is for
a destructive chemical reaction Kr. In fact, as chemical
reaction Kr increases, the considerable reduction in the
velocity profiles is predicted, and the presence of the peak
indicates that the maximum value of the velocity occurs in
the body of the fluid close to the surface but not at the
surface. Figure-15 depicts the concentration profiles for
different values of Kr, from which it is noticed that
concentration decreases with an increase in chemical
reaction parameter. This is due to the chemical reaction
mass diffuses from higher concentration levels to lower
concentration levels.

1.2

0.9
Q = 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0
u
0.6

0.3

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-12. Q influence on velocity profiles.

θ
0.5
Q = 0.1, 0.3, 5.0, 1.0

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-13. Q influence on temperature profiles.

For different values of the Diffusion thermo
parameter, the velocity and temperature profiles are
plotted in Figures 16 and 17 respectively. The Diffusion
thermo parameter signifies the contribution of the
concentration gradients to the thermal energy flux in the
flow. It is found that an increase in the Diffusion thermo
parameter causes a rise in the velocity and temperature
throughout the boundary layer. Figures 18 and 19 depict
the velocity and concentration profiles for different values
of the Thermal diffusion parameter (Sr). The Thermal
diffusion parameter defines the effect of the temperature
gradients inducing significant mass diffusion effects. It is
noticed that an increase in the Thermal diffusion
parameter results in an increase in the velocity and
concentration within the boundary layer.

1890
VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

1.2

0.9
Kr = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0
u
0.6

0.3

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-14. Kr influence on velocity profiles.

ϕ
0.5
Kr = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-15. Kr influence on concentration profiles.

1.2

0.9
Du = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0
u
0.6

0.3

0
0 2 4 6 8 10
y
Figure-16. Du influence on velocity profiles.

1891
VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

θ
0.5
Du = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-17. Du influence on temperature profiles.

1.2

0.9
Sr = 0.1, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0
u
0.6

0.3

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-18. Sr influence on velocity profiles.

ϕ
0.5
Sr = 0.1, 0.5, 0.8, 1.0

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-19. Sr influence on concentration profiles.

1892
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

1.2

0.9
Ec = 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0
u
0.6

0.3

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-20. Ec influence on velocity profiles.

θ
0.5
Ec = 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1.0

0
0 2 4 y 6 8 10
Figure-21. Ec influence on temperature profiles.

The influence of the viscous dissipation
parameter i.e., the Eckert number on the velocity and
temperature are shown in Figures 20 and 21 respectively.
The Eckert number expresses the relationship between the
kinetic energy in the flow and the enthalpy. It embodies
the conversion of kinetic energy into internal energy by
work done against the viscous fluid stresses. Greater
viscous dissipative heat causes a rise in the temperature as
well as the velocity. This behaviour is evident from
Figures 20 and 21. The numerical computation of skin-
friction coefficient is obtained and presented in Table-1. It
is observed that Magnetic field parameter, Prandtl number,
Schmidt number, Chemical reaction parameter, Heat
source parameter, Angle of inclination parameter, Casson
fluid parameter decreases the skin-friction coefficient
whereas it increases due to increase in Grashof number for
heat transfer, Grashof number for mass transfer,
Permeability parameter, Diffusion thermo parameter,
Eckert number and Thermal diffusion parameter. The
numerical values of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are
presented in Table-2. With increase in the Eckert number
and Diffusion thermo parameter, the Nusselt number
increases but for the other parameters such as Prandtl
number and Heat source parameter it decreases. A
significant decrease is remarked in case of Sherwood
number when there is an increase in the values of the
Schmidt number, chemical reaction parameter and
opposite effect is observed in case of Thermal diffusion
parameter.

1893
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

Table-11. Numerical values of Skin-friction coefficient (Cf).

Gr Gc M2 Ko Pr Sc Ec Q Kr Sr Du α γ Cf
o
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.71 0.22 0.001 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 45 0.5 2.5681124512
o
5.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.71 0.22 0.001 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 45 0.5 2.6142201589
o
3.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 0.71 0.22 0.001 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 45 0.5 2.6510029877
o
3.0 1.0 3.0 1.0 0.71 0.22 0.001 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 45 0.5 2.4508128622
o
3.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 0.71 0.22 0.001 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 45 0.5 2.6014478231
o
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 7.00 0.22 0.001 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 45 0.5 2.4152213809
o
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.71 0.30 0.001 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 45 0.5 2.4013556912
o
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.71 0.22 1.000 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 45 0.5 2.5841176939
o
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.71 0.22 0.001 0.3 0.5 0.1 0.5 45 0.5 2.5148999673
o
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.71 0.22 0.001 0.1 1.0 0.1 0.5 45 0.5 2.5014335982
o
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.71 0.22 0.001 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.5 45 0.5 2.5981143336
o
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.71 0.22 0.001 0.1 0.5 0.1 1.0 45 0.5 2.6015329744
o
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.71 0.22 0.001 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 60 0.5 2.5231665548
o
3.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.71 0.22 0.001 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.5 45 1.0 2.5143264782

Table-12. Numerical values of Nusselt (Nu) and Sherwood (Sh) numbers.

Pr Ec Q Du Nu Sc Kr Sr Sh
0.71 0.001 0.1 0.5 - 0.5941258615 0.22 0.5 0.1 - 0.5299854128
7.00 0.001 0.1 0.5 - 0.6841125479 0.30 0.5 0.1 - 0.6212218462
0.71 1.000 0.1 0.5 - 0.5841233548 0.60 0.5 0.1 - 0.6874121154
0.71 0.001 0.5 0.5 - 0.6152344897 0.22 1.0 0.1 - 0.6012154887
0.71 0.001 0.1 1.0 - 0.5012458147 0.22 0.5 0.5 - 0.4811279962

7. CONCLUSIONS c) There are increases in the temperature profiles with

Simultaneous effects of thermal diffusion and
diffusion thermo on unsteady MHD free convection flow
past a vertically inclined plate filled in porous medium in
the presence of viscous dissipation, joule dissipation, heat
absorption, chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer have
been studied numerically. Finite element method is
employed to solve the governing equations of the flow.
From the present investigation, the following conclusions
have been drawn:
a) The velocity profiles increases with an increase in the
Grashof number for heat and mass transfer,
Permeability parameter, Thermal diffusion parameter,
Eckert number and Diffusion thermo parameters.
b) The velocity profiles decreases with an increase in
Magnetic field parameter, Chemical reaction
parameter, Heat source parameter, Prandtl number,
Schmidt number, Angle of inclination parameter and
Casson fluid parameter.
increases in Eckert number and Diffusion thermo
parameter. When there is increase in Prandtl number
and Heat source parameter there is decrease in
temperature profiles.
d) Concentration decreases with an increase in Schmidt
number and Chemical reaction parameter. When
increasing the value of Thermal diffusion parameter
there is increase in the Concentration boundary layer.
e) Local skin-friction increases with an increase in
Grashof number for heat and mass transfer,
Permeability parameter, Thermal diffusion parameter,
Eckert number and Diffusion thermo parameters
while it decreases for rising values of Magnetic field
parameter, Chemical reaction parameter, Heat source
parameter, Prandtl number, Schmidt number, Angle
of inclination parameter and Casson fluid parameter.
f) Nusselt number decreases with an increase in Prandtl
number and Heat source parameter while it increases

1894
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
with an increase in Eckert number and Diffusion
thermo parameter. Sherwood number decreases with
an increase in Schmidt number, Chemical reaction
parameter while it increases with increase of Thermal
diffusion parameter.
g) Finally, the present numerical results coincides with
the published results of Ibrahim and Suneetha [26] in
absence of Casson fluid, Diffusion thermo and Angle
of inclination.
REFERENCES
[1] N. Casson. 1959. A flow equation for the pigment oil
suspensions of the printing ink type, Rheology of
Disperse Systems, Pergamon, New York. pp. 84-102.
[2] R. Dash, K. Mehta, G. Jayaraman. 1996. Casson fluid
flow in a pipe filled with a homogeneous porous
medium, Int. J. Eng. Sci. 34, pp. 1145-1156.
[3] N.S. Akbar. 2015. Influence of magnetic field on
peristaltic flow of a Casson fluid in an asymmetric
channel: application in crude oil refinement, J. Magn.
Magn. Mater. 378, pp. 463-468.
[4] N.S. Akbar, A. Butt. 2015. Physiological
transportation of Casson fluid in a plumb duct,
Commun. Theor. Phys. 63, pp. 347-352.
[5] S. Nadeem, R. Ul Haq, N.S. Akbar, Z.H. Khan. 2013.
MHD three-dimensional Casson fluid flow past a
porous linearly stretching sheet, Alex. Eng. J. 52, pp.
577-582.
[6] S. Nadeem, R. Ul Haq, N.S. Akbar. 2014. MHD
three-dimensional boundary layer flow of Casson
nanofluid past a linearly stretching sheet with
convective boundary condition, IEEE Trans.
Nanotechnol. 13, pp. 109-115.
[7] S. Mohyud-Din, I. Khan. 2016. Nonlinear radiation
effects on squeezing flow of a Casson fluid between
parallel disks, Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 48, pp. 186-192.
[8] A. Naveed, U. Khan, I. Khan, S. Bano, S. Mohyud-
Din. Effects on magnetic field in squeezing flow of a
Casson fluid between parallel plates, J. King Saud
Univ. Sci.,
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2015.03.006.
[9] C.S.K. Raju, N. Sandeep, S. Saleem. Effects of
induced magnetic field and homogeneous-
heterogeneous reactions on stagnation flow of a
ISSN 1819-6608
Casson fluid, Eng. Sci. Technol., Int. J.,
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2015.12.004.
[10] H. Kataria, A. Mittal. 2015. Mathematical model for
velocity and temperature of gravity-driven convective
optically thick nanofluid flow past an oscillating
vertical plate in presence of magnetic field and
radiation, J. Nig. Math. Soc. 34, pp. 303-317.
[11] H. Kataria, H. Patel. Effect of magnetic field on
unsteady natural convective flow of a micropolar fluid
between two vertical walls, Ain Shams Eng. J.,
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2015.08.013.
[12] H. Kataria, H. Patel. 2016. Radiation and chemical
reaction effects on MHD Casson fluid flow past an
oscillating vertical plate embedded in porous medium,
Alex. Eng. J. 55, pp. 583-595.
[13] G. Makanda, S. Shaw, P. Sibanda. 2015. Effects of
radiation on MHD free convection of a Casson fluid
from a horizontal circular cylinder with partial slip in
non-Darcy porous medium with viscous dissipation,
Bound. Value Prob. 1, pp. 1-14.
[14] G. Makanda, S. Shaw, P. Sibanda. 2015. Diffusion of
chemically reactive species in Casson fluid flow over
an unsteady stretching surface in porous medium in
the presence of a magnetic field, Math. Prob. Eng. p.
724596, 10.1155/2015/724596.
[15] F. Abbasi, S. Shehzad. 2016. Heat transfer analysis
for three-dimensional flow of Maxwell fluid with
temperature dependent thermal conductivity:
application of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux model, J.
Mol. Liq. 220, pp. 848-854.
[16] T. Hayat, T. Muhammad, S. Shehzad, A. Alsaedi.
2016. On three-dimensional boundary layer flow of
Sisko nanofluid with magnetic field effects, Adv.
Powder Technol. 27, pp. 504-512.
[17] F. Abbasi, S. Shehzad, T. Hayat, B. Ahmad. 2016.
Doubly stratified mixed convection flow of Maxwell
nanofluid with heat generation/absorption, J. Magn.
Magn. Mater. 404, pp. 159-165.
[18] S. Shehzad, T. Hayat, A. Alsaedi. 2016. Three-
dimensional MHD flow of Casson fluid in porous
medium with heat generation, J. Appl. Fluid Mech. 9,
pp. 215-223.
[19] S. Shehzad, Z. Abdullah, A. Alsaedi, F.M. Abbasi, T.
Hayat. 2016. Thermally radiative three-dimensional
1895
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
flow of Jeffrey nanofluid with internal heat generation
and magnetic field, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 397, pp.
108-114.
[20] S. Shehzad, Z. Abdullah, F.M. Abbasi, T. Hayat, A.
Alsaedi. 2016. Magnetic field effect in three-
dimensional flow of an Oldroyd-B nanofluid over a
radiative surface, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 399, pp. 97-
108.
[21] M. Sankar, B. Kim, J. M. Lopez and Y. Do. 2012.
Thermo-solutal convection from a discrete heat and
solute source in a vertical porous annulus, Int. J. Heat
Mass Transf. 55, pp. 4116-4128.
[22] A. Bahloul, M. A. Yahiaoui, P. Vasseur, R. Bennacer
and H. Beji. 2006. Natural convection of a
two-component fluid in porous media bounded by tall
concentric vertical cylinders, J. Appl. Mech. 73, pp.
26-33.
[23] Z. Alloui and P. Vasseur. 2012. Double-diffusive and
Soret-induced convection in a micropolar fluid layer,
Comput. Fluids. 60, pp. 99-107.
[24] P. A. Lakshmi Narayana, P. V. S. N. Murty and R. S.
R. Gorla. 2008. Soret-driven thermo-solutal
convection induced by inclined thermal and solutal
gradients in a shallow horizontal layer of a porous
medium, J. Fluid Mech. 612, pp. 1-19.
[25] V. R. Prasad, B. Vasu and O.A. Bég. 2011. Thermo-
diffusion and diffusion-thermo effects on MHD free
convection flow past a vertical porous plate embedded
in a non-Darcian porous medium, Chem. Eng. J.
173(2): 598-606.
[26] S. M. Ibrahim and K. Suneetha. 2016. Heat source
and chemical effects on MHD convection flow
embedded in a porous medium with Soret, viscous
and Joules dissipations, Ain Shams Eng. J. 7,
pp. 811-818.
[27] R. Tsai and J. S. Huang. 2009. Heat and mass transfer
for Soret and Dufour effects on Heimenz flow through
porous medium onto a stretching surface, Int. J. Heat
Mass Transf. 52, pp. 2399-2406.
[28] K. Bhattacharyya, G. C. Layek and G. S. Seth. 2014.
Soret and Dufour effects on convective heat and mass
transfer in stagnation-point flow towards a shrinking
surface, Phys. Scr. 89, Article 095203.
ISSN 1819-6608
[29] P. O. Olanrewaju and O. D. Makinde. 2011. Effects of
thermal diffusion and diffusion thermo on chemically
reacting MHD boundary layer flow of heat and mass
transfer past a moving vertical plate with suction
/injection, Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 36, pp. 1607-1619.
[30] C.S.K. Raju, S.M. Ibrahim, S. Anuradha, P.
Priyadharshini. 2016. Bio-convection on the nonlinear
radiative flow of a Carreau fluid over a moving wedge
with suction or injection, The Eur. Phys. J. Plus (131),
p. 409, 10.1140/epjp/i2016-16409-7.
[31] S. Nadeem, R.U. Haq, Z.H. Khan. 2013. Numerical
solution of non-Newtonian nanofluid flow over a
stretching sheet, Appl. Nanosci. 10.1007/s13204-013-
0235-8.
[32] M. Jayachandra Babu, N. Sandeep, Chakravarthula
S.K. Raju. 2016. Heat and Mass transfer in MHD
Eyring-Powell nanofluid flow due to cone in porous
medium, Int. J. Eng. Res. Africa. 19: 57-74.
[33] H. Xu, S. Liao, I. Pop, Series solution of unsteady
boundary layer flows of non-Newtonian fluids bear a
forward stagnation point, J. Non-Newtonian Fluid
Mech., 139 (2006), pp. 31-43.
[34] M. Sajid, T. Hayat, S. Asghar. 2007. Comparison
between the HAM and HPM solutions of thin film
flows of non-Newtonian fluids on a moving belt,
Nonlinear Dyn. 50(1-2): 27-35.
[35] T. Hayat, S.A. Shehzad, A. Alsaedi, Soret and Dufour
effects on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of
Casson fluid, Appl Math Mech-Engl Ed, 33 (2012),
pp. 1301-1312.
[36] T. Sarpkaya. 161. Flow of non-Newtonian fluids in a
magnetic field, AIChE J. 7, pp. 324-328.
[37] K. J. Bathe, Finite Element Procedures, Prentice -
Hall, New Jersey (1996).
[38] J. N. Reddy. 1985. An Introduction to the Finite
Element Method. McGraw - Hill, New York.
[39] Bhargava R, Rana P. 2011. Finite element solution to
mixed convection in MHD flow of micropolar fluid
along a moving vertical cylinder with variable
conductivity. Int J Appl Math Mech. 7: 29-51.
[40] Lin YY, Lo SP. 2003. Finite element modeling for
chemical mechanical polishing process under
different back pressures. J Mat Proc Tech. 140: 646-
652.
1896
 VOL. 14, NO. 10, MAY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.

www.arpnjournals.com

[41] Dettmer W, Peric D. 2006. A computational

framework for fluid-rigid body interaction: finite
element formulation and applications. Comput
Methods Appl Mech Eng. 195: 1633-1666.

[42] Hansbo A, Hansbo P. 2004. A finite element method

for the simulation of strong and weak discontinuities
in solid mechanics. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng.
139: 3523-3540.

1897