TUGAS P11-2a, P11-5b, dan P11-11b

TEKNIK REAKSI KIMIA

Kelompok 1 Senin Siang

Anggota :

Fadel Al Farouq 1506717986

Khairina Shauma 1506717784
Luh Putu Devina I. 1506746355
Nico Nathanael 1506737016
Yulia Endah Permata 1606951241

DEPARTEMEN TEKNIK KIMIA

FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
DEPOK
2017
P11-2a
Soal :
(a) Example 1-1. Consider the mass transfer-limited reaction
𝐴 → 2𝐵
What would your concentration (mole fraction) profile look like? Using the same values
for DAB, and so on, in Example 11-1, What is the flux of A?
(b) Example 11-2. How would your answers change if the temperature was increased by
50oC, the particle diameter was doubled, and fluid velocity was cut in half? Assume
properties of water can be used for this system.
(c) Example 11-3. How would your answers change if you had a 50-50 mixture of hydrazine
and helium? If you increase dp by a factor of 5?
(d) Example 11-4. What if you were asked for representative values fot Re, Sc, Sh, and kc
for both liquid- and gas-phase systems for a velocity of 10 cm/s and a pipe diameter of 5
cm (or a packed-bed diameter of 0,2 cm)? What numbers would you give?
(e) Example 11-5. How would your answers change if the reaction were carried out in the
liquid phase where kinetic viscosity varied as
4000𝐾
𝑣(𝑇2 ) = 𝑣(𝑇1 ) exp [− ]?
𝑇

Penyelesaian :
(a) Diketahui (dari Example 11-1) :
DAB = 0,01 cm2/s = 10-6 m2/s
CT0 = 0,1 kmol/m3
yAB = 0,9
yAδ = 0,2
𝑊𝐵 = −2𝑊𝐴

Z = 0, y = yA0

A 2B

Z = δ, y = 0
 𝑊𝐴 = 𝐽𝐴 + 𝑦𝐴 [𝑊𝐴 + 𝑊𝐵 ]
𝑊𝐴 = 𝐽𝐴 + 𝑦𝐴 [𝑊𝐴 + (−2𝑊𝐴 )]
𝑊𝐴 = 𝐽𝐴 + 𝑦𝐴 [−𝑊𝐴 ]
𝑊𝐴 = 𝐽𝐴 − 𝑦𝐴 𝑊𝐴
𝑊𝐴 = 𝐽𝐴 − 𝑦𝐴 𝑊𝐴
𝐽𝐴 = 𝑊𝐴 [1 + 𝑦𝐴 ]
𝐽𝐴
𝑊𝐴 =
1 + 𝑦𝐴
1 −𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝐶𝐴
𝑊𝐴 = ( )
1 + 𝑦𝐴 𝑑𝑧
1 −𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑦𝐴
𝑊𝐴 = ( )
1 + 𝑦𝐴 𝑑𝑧
−𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑦𝐴
𝑊𝐴 = ( )
1 + 𝑦𝐴 𝑑𝑧
1
(1 + 𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑦𝐴
𝐴
𝑊𝐴 = −𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵 [ ]
𝑑𝑧

1 𝑊𝐴
( ) 𝑑𝑦𝐴 = ( ) 𝑑𝑧
1 + 𝑦𝐴 −𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
1 𝑊𝐴
∫( ) 𝑑𝑦𝐴 = ( ) ∫ 𝑑𝑧
1 + 𝑦𝐴 −𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑊𝐴
𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴 ) = 𝑧 ( )
−𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
−𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑊𝐴 = 𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴 ) (1)
𝑧

 Pada 𝑧 = 0, 𝑦𝐴 = 𝑦𝐴𝐵
𝑊𝐴
𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴 ) = 𝑧 ( )
−𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑊𝐴
𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴𝐵 ) = 𝑧 ( )
−𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
−𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑊𝐴 = 𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴 ) = 𝑡𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑘 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑠𝑖
0
 Pada 𝑧 = 0 dan 𝑦𝐴 = 𝑦𝐴𝛿
𝑊𝐴
𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴 ) = 𝑧 ( )
−𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑊𝐴
𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴𝛿 ) = 𝑧 ( )
−𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
−𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑊𝐴 = 𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴𝛿 ) (2)
𝛿

 Mensubstitusi Persamaan (1) dan (2) menjadi berikut ini.

−𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵 −𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴 ) = 𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴𝛿 )
0 𝛿
1 1
𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴 ) = 𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴𝛿 )
𝑧 𝛿
𝑧
𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴 ) = 𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴𝛿 )
𝛿
𝑧
1 + 𝑦𝐴 = (1 + 𝑦𝐴𝛿 )𝛿
𝑧
𝑦𝐴 = (1 + 𝑦𝐴𝛿 )𝛿 − 1

 Sehingga, diperoleh profil konsentrasi (fraksi mol) sebagai gambar berikut.

yA0

EMCD

WB=-2Wa
0 𝑧
𝛿
1.0

 Dengan menggunakan Persamaan (2), diperoleh nilai flux dari A (WA), sebagai berikut.
−𝐶𝑇0 𝐷𝐴𝐵
𝑊𝐴 = 𝑙𝑛(1 + 𝑦𝐴𝛿 )
𝛿
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚2
− (0,1 3 ) (10−6 𝑠 )
𝑚
𝑊𝐴 = 𝑙𝑛(1 + 0,2)
10−6 𝑚
𝑘𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑊𝐴 = 0,018 2
𝑚 .𝑠
(b) Diketahui dari Example 11-2 :
CAs = 0
CAB = 1 M = 1 mol/dm3 = 103 mol/m3
d1 = 1 cm = 10-2 m
d2 = 2(1cm) = 2cm = 2x10-2 m
U1 = (0,1) m/s
U2 = (0,1) m/s = 0,05 m/s
T1 = 300K, 𝜇1 ≈ 0,883 cP
T2 = 350K, 𝜇2 ≈ 0,380 cP

 Perubahan temperatur saat reaksi berlangsung berpengaruh pada perubahan nilai v dan
DAB :
𝜇1 𝑚2
= 𝑣1 = 0,5 𝑐𝑆 = 0,5𝑥10−6
𝜌 𝑠
𝜇2 𝜇2 0,380 𝑐𝑃 −6
𝑚2
= 𝑣2 = 𝑣1 ( ) = (0,5 𝑐𝑆) ( ) = 0,215𝑥10
𝜌 𝜇1 0,883 𝑐𝑃 𝑠
𝐷𝐴𝐵1 = 10−10 𝑚2 /𝑠
𝜇2 −10
𝑚2 0,380 𝑐𝑃 −10
𝑚2
𝐷𝐴𝐵2 = 𝐷𝐴𝐵1 ( ) = (10 )( ) = 2,324𝑥10
𝜇1 𝑠 0,883 𝑐𝑃 𝑠

 Menentukan nilai Re dan Sc jika U, T dan d berubah.

𝑘𝑐 𝑑 1 1
𝑆ℎ = = 2 + 0,6(𝑅𝑒)2 (𝑆𝑐)3
𝐷𝐴𝐵2
𝑚
𝜌𝑣𝑑 𝑑𝑈 (0,02𝑚) (0,05 𝑠 )
𝑅𝑒 = = = = 4651,16
𝜇 𝑣 𝑚2
(0,215𝑥10−6 𝑠 )

𝑚2
𝑣 (0,215𝑥10−6 )
𝑠
𝑆𝑐 = = = 925,13
𝐷𝐴𝐵2 −10 𝑚2
(2,324𝑥10 𝑠 )

 Menentukan nilai kc.

1 1
𝑆ℎ = 2 + 0,6(4651,16)2 (925,13)3
𝑘𝑐 𝑑
= 2 + 398,72
𝐷𝐴𝐵2
 𝑘𝑐 𝑑
= 400,72
𝐷𝐴𝐵2
𝑚2
𝐷𝐴𝐵 2,324𝑥10−10 𝑠 𝑚
𝑘𝑐 = 400,72 ( ) = (400,72) ( ) = 4,656𝑥10−6
𝑑 0,02𝑚 𝑠

 𝑛
Menentukan nilai −𝑟𝐴𝑠 .
𝑛
𝑊𝐴𝑟 = −𝑟𝐴𝑠 = 𝑘𝑐 (𝐶𝐴𝐵 − 𝐶𝐴𝑠 )

𝑛
𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑙
−𝑟𝐴𝑠 = (4,656𝑥10−6 ) (103 3 − 0 3 )
𝑠 𝑚 𝑚
𝑛
𝑚𝑜𝑙
−𝑟𝐴𝑠 = 4,656𝑥10−3 2
𝑚 .𝑠
𝑛
𝑚𝑜𝑙
−𝑟𝐴𝑠 = 0,004656 2
𝑚 .𝑠

 Dapat disimpulkan bahwa, perubahan laju reaksi per unit area permukaan katalis dengan
diameter partikel (d) dua kali lipat, temperatur (T) lebih besar 50oC, dan kecepatan fluida
(U) setengah kali lipat sebesar 0,004656 mol/m2.s, mendekati laju reaksi awal yaitu
0,00461 mol/m2.s.

𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙
𝑊𝐴 = −𝑟𝐴′′ = 𝑘𝑐2 𝐶𝐴𝐵 = (4,61𝑥10−6 ) (103 3 )
𝑠 𝑚
𝑚𝑜𝑙
−𝑟𝐴′′ = 0,00461
𝑚2 . 𝑠

(c) Campuran 50-50 hydrazine dan helium hanya akan sedikit mempengaruhi viskositas
kinematik sehingga, konversi tercapai dengan sempurna.
Penambahan diameter sebanyak 5
Diketahui dari Example 11-3 :
dP = 5 kali lipat
DP = 0,25 cm = 0,0025 m
LP = 0,5 cm = 0,005 m
LB = 0,05 m
U = 15 m/s
T = 750 K
 v = 4,5 x 10-4 m2/s
DAB = 0,69 x 10-4 m2/s saat kondisi standar (298 K)
750𝑘 1,75
DAB (750 K) = 0,69 x 10-4 m2/s (298𝑘 )

= 3,47 x 10-4 m2/s

Bed porocity (ϕ) : 30% = 0,3

Bed fluidicity : 95,7%
Komposisi campuran : Hydrazine – Helium = 50 : 50

 Menghitung nilai dP (volume rata-rata diameter partikel).

1 1 1
6𝑉 3 6𝜋𝐷2 𝐿 3 6(0,0025𝑚)2 (0,005) 3
𝑑𝑝 = 5 ( ) = 5 ( ) = 5( ) = 5(3,61𝑥10−3 )𝑚
𝜋 4 𝜋 4
= 0,018𝑚

 Menghitung luas permukaan per volume “Bed”

1−𝜙 1 − 0,3 𝑚2
𝑎𝑐 = 6 ( ) = 6( ) = 233,33 3
𝑑𝑝 0,018𝑚 𝑚

 Menghitung koefisien perpindahan massa

𝑚
𝑑𝑝 𝑈 (0,018) (15 𝑠 )
𝑅𝑒 = = = 600
𝑣 −4 𝑚2
(4,5𝑥10 𝑠 )

 Untuk cylindrical pellets :

2𝜋𝐿𝑝 + 2𝜋𝑟 2 2𝑟𝐿𝑝 + 2𝑟 2
𝛾= =
𝜋𝑑𝑝2 𝑑𝑝2
(2)(0,5)(0,0025)(0,005) + (2)(0,25)(0,0025)2
𝛾=
(0,0018)2
𝛾 = 0,048
𝑅𝑒 600
𝑅𝑒 ′ = = = 17857,14
(1 − 𝜙)𝛾 (1 − 0,3)0,48
 Menghitung nilai kc :
2
−4 𝑚
(4,5𝑥10
𝑣 𝑠 )
𝑆𝑐 = = = 1,30
𝐷𝐴𝐵 −4 𝑚2
(3,47𝑥10 𝑠 )
1 1 1 1
𝑆ℎ′ = (𝑅𝑒 ′ )2 (𝑆𝑐)3 = (17857,14)2 (1,30)3 = 145,84
2
−4 𝑚
(3,47𝑥10
𝐷𝐴𝐵 (1 − 𝜙) 𝑠 ) 1 − 0.3 𝑚
𝑘𝑐 = 𝛾𝑆ℎ′ = ( ) (0,048)(145,84) = 0,315
𝑑𝑝 𝜙 (0,018𝑚) 0.3 𝑠

 Menghitung konversi reaksi:

𝑎𝑐
𝑋 = 1 − exp [−𝑘𝑐 𝐿 ]
𝑈 𝑝
𝑚2
0,315𝑚 233,33 𝑚3
𝑋 = 1 − exp [− ( )( 𝑚 ) (0,05𝑚)]
𝑠 15 𝑠

𝑋 = 1 − exp(−0,2449965)
𝑋 = 1 − 0,7827
𝑋 = 0,2173
𝑋 = 21,73%
Dengan demikian, konversi reaksi dari campuran Hydrazine dan helium dengan
komposisi 50 : 50 dan peningkatan dP lima kali lipat adalah sebesar 21,73%.

(d) Dikerahui:
The flow of fluid consist of catalysts
Velocity of fluid (U) = 10 cm/s = 0.1 m/s
Pipe Diameter (D) = 5 cm = 0.05 m
Particle Diameter (dp) = 0.2 cm = 0.002 m

 Untuk fasa cair, diasumsikan menggunakan air pada temperatur 298K. Properti air pada
temperatur 298K adalah sebagi berikut.
ρ = 1000 kg/m3

μ = 10-3 kg/m.s

DAB = 10-9 m2/s

 𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝜌𝑈𝑑 (1000 𝑚3 ) (0,1 𝑠 ) (0,05𝑚)
𝑅𝑒 = = = 5000
𝜇 (10−3 𝑃𝑎. 𝑠)
𝜇 (10−3 𝑃𝑎. 𝑠)
𝑆𝑐 = = = 1000
𝜌𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑘𝑔 𝑚2
(1000 3 ) (10−9 𝑠 )
𝑚
1 1 1 1
𝑆ℎ = 2 + 0,6(𝑅𝑒)2 (𝑆𝑐)3 = 2 + 0,6(5000)2 (1000)3 = 426,264
𝑚2
𝑆ℎ𝐷𝐴𝐵 (426,264𝑥10−9 𝑠 ) 𝑚
𝑘𝑐 = = = 2,13𝑥10−4
𝑑𝑝 (0,002𝑚) 𝑠

 Untuk fasa gas, diasumsikan menggunakan udara pada temperatur 298K. Properti udara
pada temperatur 298K adalah sebagi berikut.
ρ = 1 kg/m3

μ = 10-5 kg/m.s

DAB = 10-5 m2/s

𝑘𝑔 𝑚
𝜌𝑈𝑑 (1 𝑚3 ) (0,1 𝑠 ) (0,05𝑚)
𝑅𝑒 = = = 500
𝜇 (10−5 𝑃𝑎. 𝑠)
𝜇 (10−5 𝑃𝑎. 𝑠)
𝑆𝑐 = = =1
𝜌𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑘𝑔 𝑚2
(1 3 ) (10−5 𝑠 )
𝑚
1 1 1 1
𝑆ℎ = 2 + 0,6(𝑅𝑒)2 (𝑆𝑐)3 = 2 + 0,6(500)2 (1)3 = 15,416
𝑚2
𝑆ℎ𝐷𝐴𝐵 (15,416𝑥10−5 𝑠 ) 𝑚
𝑘𝑐 = = = 0,077
𝑑𝑝 (0,002𝑚) 𝑠

 Dapat disimpulkan beberapa hal penting sebagai berikut:

1) Bilangan Re air lebih besar dari bilangan Re udara, dapat dilihat juga dari densitas
air yang jauh lebih besar dibandingkan air, walaupun viskositasnya rendah.
2) Bilangan Sc air lebih besar dari bilangan Sc udara karena difusivitas udara lebih
besar.
3) Bilangan Sh air lebih besar dari bilangan Sh udara karena nilai Sh merupakan fungsi
bilangan Re dan Sc.
 4) Koefisien perpindahan massa udara lebih besar dari koefisien perpindahan massa air.
Hal ini berdasarkan difusivitas udara lebih besar dari air sehingga proses perpindahan
massa udara lebih cepat dari air.

(e) Terlebih dahulu harus mengetahui nilai temperatur dan konversi. Dari Example 11-4:
The same reaction as the example 11-4 is being carried out in the same two reactors in
series A. A new engineer suggests that the rate of reaction could be increased by factor
of 210 by increasing the reaction temperature from 400oC to 500oC, reasoning that the
reaction rate doubles for every 10oC increase in temperature. Another engineer arrives
on the scene and berates the new engineer. She points out that itis valid only for spesific
activation energi within spesific temperature range. She then suggest that he go ahead
with the proposed temperature increase but should only expect an increase on the order
of 23 or 24. What do you think? Who is correct?
Kasus 1 : T = 400oC X=0,865
Kasus 2 : T = 500oC X=?

1
𝑙𝑛 1 − 𝑋 𝑘𝑐2 𝐿2 𝑈2
2
= ( )
1 𝑘𝑐1 𝐿1 𝑈1
𝑙𝑛 1 − 𝑋
1

Karena diameter partikel sama, maka:

𝑘𝑐2 𝑈2 1/2 𝐷𝐴𝐵2 2/3 𝑣1 1/6
=( ) ( ) ( )
𝑘𝑐1 𝑈1 𝐷𝐴𝐵1 𝑣2
Dimana
𝑇2
𝑈2 = 𝑈
𝑇1 1
𝑈2 𝑇2
=
𝑈1 𝑇1
Dari Tabel 11-2, diketahui:
𝐷𝐴𝐵 ≈ 𝑇 1,75
1
𝑙𝑛 1 − 𝑋 𝑘𝑐2 𝑈2 𝑈2 1/2 𝐷𝐴𝐵2 2/3 𝑣1 1/6
2
= =( ) ( ) ( )
1 𝑘𝑐1 𝑈1 𝑈1 𝐷𝐴𝐵1 𝑣2
𝑙𝑛 1 − 𝑋
1
2/3 1/6
𝑇2 1/2 𝑇2 1,75 𝑇2 3/2
= ( ) [( ) ] [( ) ]
𝑇1 𝑇1 𝑇1
 𝑇2 1/2 𝑇2 7/6 𝑇2 1/4 𝑇2 5/12 773 5/12
=( ) ( ) ( ) =( ) =( ) = 1,059
𝑇1 𝑇1 𝑇1 𝑇1 673
1 1
𝑙𝑛 = 𝑙𝑛 =2
1 − 𝑋1 1 − 0,865
1 1
𝑙𝑛 = 1,059𝑙𝑛 = 1,059(2) = 2,118
1 − 𝑋2 1 − 𝑋1
𝑋2 = 0,88

4000𝐾
𝑣(𝑇2 ) = 𝑣(𝑇1 ) exp [− ]
𝑇
Disederhanakan menjadi :
𝑣2 (𝑇2 ) 1 1 1 1
−4000( − )
=𝑒 𝑇1 𝑇2 = 𝑒 −4000(773−873) = 0,463
𝑣1 (𝑇1 )

𝜇 1
Dimana 𝑣 = 𝜌 sehingga 𝑣~𝜇 dan 𝐷~ 𝜇
−1
𝐷𝐴𝐵2 𝜇1 𝑣2 (𝑇2 ) 1
=( )=( ) =
𝐷𝐴𝐵1 𝜇2 𝑣1 (𝑇1 ) 0,463
𝑈1 𝑘𝑐2 2
=( )
𝑈2 𝑘𝑐1
1
𝑙𝑛 1 − 𝑋 𝑘𝑐2 𝑈1 𝑘𝑐1 1/2 𝑘𝑐2 𝑘𝑐2 −1
2
= =( ) =( )
1 𝑘𝑐1 𝑈2 𝑘𝑐2 𝑘𝑐1 𝑘𝑐1
𝑙𝑛 1 − 𝑋
1
−1 −1 5 5
𝑘𝑐2 −1 𝐷𝐴𝐵2 2/3 𝑣1 1/6 𝜇1 2/3 𝜇1 1/6 𝜇1 −6 1 −6
( ) = (( ) ( ) ) = (( ) ( ) ) =( ) =( )
𝑘𝑐1 𝐷𝐴𝐵1 𝑣2 𝜇2 𝜇2 𝜇2 0,463
𝑘𝑐2 −1
( ) = 0,526
𝑘𝑐1
Sehingga
1
𝑙𝑛 1 − 𝑋 𝑘𝑐2 −1
2
=( )
1 𝑘𝑐1
𝑙𝑛 1 − 𝑋
1

1 1 𝑘𝑐2 1
𝑙𝑛 = 𝑙𝑛 = 𝑙𝑛 (0,526) = 1,052
1 − 𝑋2 1 − 𝑋1 𝑘𝑐1 1 − 0,865
1
𝑙𝑛 = 1,052
1 − 𝑋2
𝑋2 = 0,65