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Abstract-- In this paper, a Fuzzy Logic supplementary gain-varied characteristic is developed. The attractive
controller with gain-varied characteristic is developed for feature of the controller is that the gain factor can be
Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). The attractive adaptively tuned in the control process according to the
feature of the controller is that the gain factor can be damping effect. In the control scheme, the tie line active
adaptively tuned in the control process according to the
damping effect. The fuzzy-logic controller is mainly
power is utilized as the input and the output damping
equipped with two fuzzy-logic units with one to switch the signals are sent both to series and shunt PI regulators in
UPFC modulation and the other to adjust the gain factors the main control system of UPFC. A basic UPFC model
adaptively. Simulation results validate that the proposed considering its DC capacitor dynamics is adopted and the
UPFC controller can provide good performance for different PI regulators used in the main control system are
operating conditions of power system. By comparison, it can presented. The UPFC series element control is used to
be seen that the proposed gain-variable adaptive UPFC
modulate active power in the AC transmission link, and
controller is more effective in damping power oscillation
than a gain-fixed counterpart and the drawback of fuzzy- the shunt control is for regulating the UPFC bus voltage
logic control schemes with constant gain factor is as well as keeping the DC link capacitor voltage constant.
successfully overcome. The fuzzy-logic controller is mainly equipped with two
fuzzy-logic units, FLU1 and FLU2, with the former to
Index Terms-- UPFC, Fuzzy logic control, Variable gain, switch the UPFC modulation and the later to adjust the
Dynamic stability gain factors adaptively. In FLU1, the deviation of line
power and its integral are utilized to estimate the state in
I. INTRODUCTION
the phasehpeed plane [6] and to switch the damping
0-7803-8237-4/04/$17.0002004IEEE
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2004 IEEE Intemational Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT2004) April 2004 Hong Kong
III.UPFC DAMPING
CONTROL
SCHEME
G,4
The connection between the master and supplementary A . Fzrzzy Logic Unit I
damping controls is also shown in Fig.1. In the main As shown in Fig.3, the controller utilizes power
control system, the UPFC series element control is used to deviation, D, , and its integral, I,, , to obtain the
modulate the AC active power PL , and the shunt control phaselspeed state by:
is for maintaining the DC link capacitor voltage, V,, ,
constant along with the bus voltage regulation.
where KDpis a positive scaling factor to coordinate the
relative magnitudes of D, and I,. The following two
h z z y rules are used to switch the damping control:
Rule 1: when B E ( 0 , ~ ), the output damping signal
should be positive to increase the line power flow.
(a)Power flow control Rule 2: when BE(-z,O) , the output damping signal
should be negative to decrease the line power flow.
Fig.2, where all controllers in UPFC main control system -7T -77-1 2 0 n12 ?r
take the Proportional plus Integral (PI) control law. The @(rad )
UPFC paramaters can be found in Appendix A. It is Fig. 4. Mcmbership functions of p,(B) and pu,(@)
noticed that input signals, Pdampand Vdainp, come from
Fig. 4 shows the membership functions of ~ ~ (and
6 )
the supplementary damping control. As shown in Fig.3, p,(B) . The output modulating signal of the
the input signal to the UPFC supplementary control is the
line power measured at UPFC terminal which reflects the supplementary UPFC controller is evaluated by:
system oscillation. In the proposed UPFC control
217
2004 IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT2004) April 2004 Hong Kong
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2004 IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT2004) April 2004 H o n g Kong
4.5
-2
- 3
1.5
h
0
-1.5
0 2 4 A 8 IO 12 14 I6
0.12 I I
TABLE I1
OPERATING
CONDITIONS(values in MW) 0 2 4 (5 8 10 12 14 16
line line load load load load Time(s)
Condition Fig. 6 . Simulation result of Disturbance 1
40-17 16-15 bus8 bus39 bus21 bus23
(a) 194 300 522 1104 274 247
(b) -175 -28 322 604 774 447
The following 4 disturbances are simulated in case 25 Without UPFC Control With Gain-vaned
studies:
Disturbance 1: In Condition (a), a 3-phase short circuit of
0.1 seconds duration occurs at bus 21 (Fig. 6),
Disturbance 2: In Condition (a), a 3-phase short circuit
occurs at bus 17 and cleared in 0.1 seconds by tripping Controller ,
' ' ' ' ' ' ' With
' Gaiyfixed
'
line 3-1 8 (Fig. 7), -0.25
0 2 6 8
v,,
Disturbance 3: In Condition (b), a 3-phase short circuit 4 10 12 14 16
-1.5
occurs at bus 7 and cleared in 0.14 seconds by tripping
3. 5
line 7-8 (Fig. 8), ? 2, 5
Disturbance 4: In Condition (b), a 3-phase short circuit of 2
-
2 I. 5
0.12 seconds duration occurs at bus 28 (Fig. 9). a
0. n
For each disturbance, three cases are considered: (i) ", ,Coqtroller , , , , , , , ,)
I I
-
-0.5 ' '
without UPFC control, (ii) with a gain-fixed UF'FC fuzzy
logic damping controller and (iii) with the proposed 0 . 12
l, tl
adaptive UPFC hzzy logic damping controller. The gain- 0.1
fixed UPFC fuzzy logic controller uses a fixed G,,, in (5) 2 0 08
v
g. . 0. 06
to calculate the gain factor K,,, . Disturbance 1 is used as
0. 04
the base disturbance for tuning the gain factor G. By trail 0 02 ; ,
and error, Gi+l ~ 3 . 0is set for the gain-fixed UPFC 0 2 4 h s IO 12 14 16
Time(s)
controller and G I=3.0 is also adopted as the initial value Fig. 7. Simulation result of Disturbance 2
for the gain-varied controller. The performance of the
proposed adaptive controller is compared with the other
two cases in Figs. 6-9.
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2004 IEEE International Conference o n Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT2004) April 2004 Hong K o n g
v
0.3
Oi
PAj (XI =
1I
( x - a j ) / ( b i - a j ) a j < x < b,i
( X - c j ) / ( b i - c j ) bj < x < c j
0 x >cj
j = 1,2,3 (10)
VII. REFERENCES
[ I ] 2. Y. Huang, Y. X. Ni, et al., “Application o f Unified Power Flow
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1.1 lti Controller in Interconnected Powcr Systems-Modeling, Interfacc,
Time(s) Control Strategy, and Case Study”, IEEE Trans. Power Svstem
Fig. 9. Simulation result o f Disturbance 4 ,~01.15(2), pp.817-824,2000.
[2] S . Mishra, p. K. Dash and g. Panda. “TS-fuzzy controller for UPFC
in a multimachine power system”. IEE Proc. Gener. Transm.
For Disturbance 1, the base disturbance for tuning Distrib., 147. (I), pp. 15-22, 2000.
[3] Schoder, Karl; Hasanovic, Azra; Feliachi, Ali. Power system
parameters in the gain-fixed controller, both the gain- damping using fuzzy controlled unificd power flow controller.
fixed and the gain-varied controller yield good Proceedings of the IEEE Power Engineering Society Transmission
performance shown in Fig. 6. For other disturbances, the and Distribution Confcrcnce, v 2, WINTER MEETING, pp. 617-
622,2001.
results evidently demonstrate that the proposed gain-
[4] Limyingcharoen S., et al., “Fuzzy logic based UPFC for transient
varied SVC adaptive controller is more effective than the stability improvement”. IEE Proc. Gener. Transm. Distrib., ~01.145.
(3), pp. 225-232, 1998.
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2004 IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies (DRPT2004) April 2004 Hong Kong
VIII. BIOGRAPHIES
T. S. Chung received his B.Sc. M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees from University
Hong Kong, Imperial College of Science and Technology, UK and
University of Strathclyde, UK, respectively. He is Professor in
Departmcnt of Electrical Enginccring, The Hong Kong Polytechnic
University since 1999. His research intercsts are in power system
security analysis, stability control, state estimation, AI and optimization.
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