at the time of Hippocrates eyank, there was no such thing as the Pharmacy profession.

At that time, a
"doctor" concurrently became a "pharmacist" working to diagnose and prepare drugs. The
development of health sciences, the problem of providing drugs is getting more complicated, both the
formulation and the way of making it, so that it needs a special and separate expertise.

In 1240 AD, German King Frederick II ordered an official separation between Pharmacy and
Medicine in his famous "Two Silices" edict. From this history, one thing that needs to be underlined is
that the roots of pharmacy and medical science are the same, so it is hoped that this science can work
together to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect for patients. Pharmacy is derived from the word
pharma (pharma) English language: pharmacy Greek: pharmacon, which means: medicine

1. Paracelsus (1541-1493 BC) argues that in order to make a drug preparation it is necessary to know the
content of the active substance and he makes the drug from an ingredient that is already known to be
active

2. Hippocrates (459-370 BC), known as the "father of medicine" in his medical practice, has used more
than 200 species of plants.

3. Claudius Galen (200-129 BC) links the healing of diseases with the working theory of medicine which is
a field of pharmacology.

4. Ibn Sina (980-1037) has written several books on methods of collecting and storing medicinal plants
and how to make medicinal preparations such as pills, suppositories, syrups and combining medical
knowledge from various countries namely Greece, India, Persia, and Arabic to produce treatments better

5. Johann Jakob Wepfer (1620-1695) succeeded in verifying the pharmacological and toxicological effects
of drugs in experimental animals, he said: "I pondered at length, finally I resolved to clarify the matter by
experiment". He was the first to conduct pharmacological and toxicological research in experimental
animals. Animal testing is a preclinical test which until now has been a requirement before the drug is
clinically tested in humans.

6. The first Pharmacology Institute was founded in 1847 by Rudolf Buchheim (1820-1879) at the
University of Dorpat (Estonia). Furthermore Oswald Schiedeberg (1838-1921) together with other
scientific experts produced fundamental concepts in the work of drugs including drug receptors, the
relationship of structure to activity and selective toxicity. The concept was also reinforced by T. Frazer
(1852-1921) in Scotland, J. Langley (1852-1925) in England and P. Ehrlich (1854-1915) in Germany.

there are two different pharmaceutical words, namely pharmacy and pharmacist

Pharmacy: one of the fields of health professionals who study the art and science of preparing,
distributing, storing drugs and accompanied by providing information to the public, so that they are
responsible for ensuring the effectiveness and safety of drug use. Pharmacists: = Pharmacists
(Indonesia); = Pharmacist (English), is a professional degree with expertise in the pharmaceutical field;
pharmacist; authorized to make drugs for sale.