CHUONG 5: Di} C TRUNG HINH HOC CUA MAT CAT NGANG 5.1. Khdi nigm chung. ‘Trong chung thanh chiu kéo (nén) dting tam, ta thay ng sudt trong thanh phu thude vao dign tich F cia tigt dign mat ct ngang, Tuy nhién, di véi cdc ting hdp than chin xon, hhoge ehiw ud thi tng fh khong nhitng phu thude vao dign tich mat edt ngang F ‘ma con phy thude vao hinh dang eila mat edt, vj ti tée dung etia ngoai lye d6i voi mat edt. Xét vi dw nh trén hinh 5.1, eding mt thanh ehju te dung mot lye nhu nhau. Bling trve pide ta thay trong trang hgp hinh 5.1a tiet dién duge dat nim bi u6n nhigu hen tring hop hinh 5.Lb khi tit dien dat ding, Mic dit trong 4 hai trating hgp tit dién m§t edt ngang nb nhau, hung phuting tée dung cha ngoai luc dé vai mat e&t ngang thay d6i da Anh bung dn kha ‘nang chiu lye cia thanh, nc 1a anh huding dén tng suat phat sinh trong thanh, Trong chuong nay s& xet dé chi Lye cia thanh, cde die trumg hinh hoe cita mat eft ngang lien quan d€n kha ni ih 51; Thanh cio wa ki te ‘gin be Kise nba, High 5.2: ih pig vce he aaa, Xét hinh phing F lay mot vi phan dign tich dF" 6 toad A(x,y) va hé true toa d6 nb uén inh 5.2 ta 66 ce di iehia sau 5.2. Dién tich, momen finh, trong tim. Dign tich ca hinh phdng F F=far (5D. Mémen tinh cia hinh phiag F di voi trye x va ange y ld bigu tae tic phan sau 8,=foaris, = four 62) ‘Mémen tinh c6 thi’ nguyén la: [ohidudait ‘MOmen tinh ¢6 thé c6 gid tr] Am, dutng hac bing khong, Truc trung tim: 1a true ¢6 mémen tinh cia dién tich F d6i di truc dé bing khong. Néu x li true trung tim thi S, = 0 Trong tim eta hinh phiing: 1a giao diém cia hai truc trung tim cia hinh phing a6. Nhu va: ah phdng di véi moi truc di qua trong tam déu bing khé Dinh ly Varignon: Mémen ciia he luc déi véi mot trac bling momen cita hop le Adi voK tree 6, Gia sit C(x...) 14 trong tam mat efi, qua C dying he trye x5.) Song song vdi he true x,y ban div (hinh 5.2), ta e6 m6i lign hg eiia toa d6 dim A trong hai hé truc toa d@ nu sau: 80.Thay vio (.2) ta dude: S.= xP = fly ty P= yo [dF +S.0% 5,= Jat = [lac +5, MPa, Jar +5, Vix, va y, ede tme tung tam nga S,, =5, jo = 0, do ds S.=¥eFi S,=40F [Neu binb phng bao g6m nbiéw hinb phiing ghép lai rhita cang e6: 5.= Vy Fis, =F Voi x., yo va K IA toa dé ciia trong tam va dign tich etia hinh phang thi #, Do ds, ta o3 c6ng thie x4c dink mémen tinh ca biah phing di vei mot eme khi bit roa aS trong tam va diga tich eta hinh phdag boac biét toa d6 clic trong tam va dign tich cia nhiév tinh phiing ghep lait S,= JutP=y.F= Sy, F 3S, =fulP= xP = Dock, 6a). ‘TW (6.3) taco thé tm dunge trong thm cba tinh phiag: ak Duk, Deh aah 6.4). XA DA mot sO binh phdng don gin due ebo rén bang 5.1 Bang 5.1 Digatich F_ | Trongtimxc n nil A=W | Ta And) pew | a= tts mi se 5.3. Cae momen quan tinh, 5.3.1. Momen quén tinh, Momen qué tial cia biah phiing F aéi vi erye x va tm y ft bigu the tie phn sau 6.5). 5.3.2, Mémen quén tinh ly tam. Mémen quia tinh ly tém cba binb phing F 46i voi bé mye toa d6 (x.y) & biu thie Heh phéin sau: J,,= Jar (6.0). 5.3.3, Momen quan tinh exe. 81Mémen gun tinh cus eda binh phdng F d6i voi diém ove O 1 bigu thie tich phan sau: J,=[p'aF 6. ‘The nguyén eiia céic mémen quan tinh: [ehiéudaif Theo bah 52 p?=x? +y7 do de Jah, 68) Cac mémea qua tinh J,, J, va mémen quda tinh exe J, 18 dai king khSng am, Mémen quan tinh ly tam J,, of thé duking, am, hoac bing khong, 188 true quia tinh chin: 18 hg true eo momen quia tinh ly vim BRng khOng. NEU (x,y) 1 be ‘aye gua tinh ebinb thi J,, =0 Mot trae d6i xing ctia binh phing hyp voi méttmae bat ky nao dé vung ade Voi NG tao thaah ig true quan tinh chinb eda hinh phing 46. ‘HE true quén tinh chiob tung tm: 1a be crue quia tind ebiab ¢6 g6e tai tong tam Linh phing. Néu (x,y) 14 bé true qué tinh cbinh tung tamtbi $, =0, $,=0 va J,, =0. ‘Momen guén tinh ea bin phing 46% véi bg tue quéa tind ebind trung tam duge goi la mémea quan tinh chinh trung tém cia binb phdng, Trong sife bén vat liGu, khi tink toan ving suf, bién dang ca thanb, agudi ta thuog tifa hank tong bé ruc toa d6 gbm true z cba thanb va hai true ehinh trung tam eda cit din mar eftea thanb. 5.4, Mémen quan tinh cita mét so’ mat edt don gidn. 54.1. Mat cit chit nhat. Cho binb chit ahgte6 kich thude b>A (hinh 5.32). Céa tin eée mémen quén tinh chinh truag tam eiia 6. Hinh phdng cd bai trac 46i xing x va y nén (x,y) be tue quan tinh chinb trung tim, BE xd din mémen quan tinh A6i v6i tue x, ta My dign tich vi pha dF 1A moe gidi 66 bE xng , be day dy, khoding cach déa truc x lay, Tacs: dF =body Pay Sy Taking tt 69), 5.4.2, Mat edit tron. Cho binh tein duiéng kinh d (hinh 5,3b3. Céa tim mémen guén tinh cue asi vi ase toa a6 O va. eée m6 men qué tinh ebinb trang tam cla a6. bE den gin, ta tinh momen qudn tinh cue tide, chon diga tied vi phan 1A mst Binh giéi ban boi hai tia g, g+dg va hai duting tron bn kinh p, p-+dp ab tén binh 5,3, Ta c6: dP = pipxdp 2. 7 2 at ='f | papi =2n | (10 Jrar~f foanpaane » Vi tinh di xting nén: J, = J, ,matkhée theo (5.8): J, (3.11). 5.4.3. Matt edt tam gide. Cho hinh tam giée canh déy bing & chin cao h, Cin dm momen quén tinh cia tam gidc 46% ‘Gi te qua canh day va trong tim cia tam gide (hinh 5.3c), Tao: O° 420; ar = 6.12) 6.13). 5.5. Mémen quén tinh khi chuyén trac song song. Cho dign tich F, trong hé truc toa 46 (x,y) 66 ede dae tring hinh hoc la J, J,. Jy. Xe dinh J, J,. J, cia dign tich F tong hg tric mdi (uy) song song vai hg true ban dit “Theo hinh 5.4 t 66 eae lién hes w= +b: v=yha ‘Tit eae ding nghia vé ee momen quin tinh J, = fv'aF = [ly +a} aP: J, = futar = flx+ofar: Jag = fuvdP = [(v-+d\y+ a) Sau khi kha triGn va nit gon ta dug J, <1, 4208, 40°F; Ja I, +205, +0 F; 6.14). Jig =I + DS, +08, +0bF ‘Tang hyp dae bist, néu he true ot (x.y) 1a trang tm (ge toa 4 O tai trong tam mat eft), khidé S, =S, =0, J, =0: Satta Ps Sad ABP: (5.15) ab Hab 54; omen qua ian $$: Momen gus Ko ure seng song. tony te 83i. Mémen quén tinh khi xoay truc. Xét he trye (uv) xoay the true (x,y) ban diu mot g6e ae, xe dinh J. J, J. trong he true mdi theo J,, J,. J, (hinh 5,5), chiéu dutdng cia gée a 1A quay tit true x theo chiéu nguge kim dng hé, Ta 06 lién hé toa d@ cha vi phan dign tich dF trong hai hé true: u=xcosee + ysinee; v= yeosa-xsinat Thay vao céng thife tinh J,, J, va I, ta e6: Jorar=[lycosa—ssina) dP: (scosce+ ysina) dF fear Joo? = flxcosce+ ysinakyeoser—xsina)aF Sau khi khai trign vA nit gon: Jy =Jec08 a+ J,sin? J, sin2a; J J J,sin? a+ J, 08? c+ J, sin2 (1, -J,)kinaecosa+J,,cos* asin?) Dé y exe cong the Ivong pie: nt hen OM oe sornmmsinny oo c—tint om casa 2 2 ‘Thay vao va bién déi nit gon ta duge: cos2a~J,,sin2a; cos 2a + J,, sin 2a; 5.16). + sin2a + J, cos2a Cong hai phuting tinh diu trong (5.17) ta o6 bit biéu cia momen quan tink J+J, =I,+J, = const 5.10). Cae cOng thife én tvting ty nhu eGng thie tinh ving suai teen mgt edt nghieng. Vi vay, phin xc dinh phucng chinh, dog suat chinh cia trang thai wing sudt e6 thé dp dung a€ xc dink he trye chinh vA cée mémen qua tinh chinh khi xoay tre, ‘Vj tri cita truc quan tinh chinh duge xdc dinh tt phuong trinh: 2, 1g2a (5.18). ‘Ti day ta nhan duge hai true quén tinh chinh ya ching vudng géc nhau, Mémen quan tinh chinh cting la tri sé eve tri cia mémen qué tinh khi xoay true: etd, ig a AG, +4 6.19), 2 ‘Tit ee quan he (5.16) va (5.18), ta eiing e6 thé xc dink J, va J, bang dé thj trong he true (J,.) 291 1 vong tron Mohr quan tinh tusag ty nhur vong ttn Mobr king suat (hinh 5.6), Digm khdc bigt A vong trdn Mobr ting suatt 06 thé et qua trye tung nhung vong tn Mohr uén tinh chi nim phn bén phai cila tye tung vi ede momen qusin tinh néi chung va do a6, momen quan tinh J, 1uOn 1uOn dung. ‘Tithinh 5,6, ta 06 thé x4e dinh vi tricia ee tye e6 momen qun tinh chinh: 84Hin 5.6 Vong td Moka gun ta, Pos Mémen quén tinh cia mét hinh phing d6i vi mot tue bai k¥ C6 thé dude biéu dién dudi dgng tich s6 cila dign tich Minh nay v¢i binh phuong cia mot dai hugng goi fa ban kinh quan (5.2), Ban kinh quan tinh d6i v6i ede trge chinh duige goi la ban kinh quén tinh chinh. Ki xoay truc ta 66 thé thay tng binh phudag cdc ban kinh quia tinh ttén hai phwong vuong g6c mhau bat Ky 1a Ming so: = conts (5.23), Vi dy 5.1. Xée dinh toa d6 ca trong tém cila mat edt cho we Gidi. Gan vao mat eft he true tga 49 (x,y) nhw hinh 5.7b, Do mat eft doi xing qua true y nen ‘rong tam C mim tren true may (x, = 0). Xétvi phan dign tich dP duge gidi han béi cAc tia nhu hinh 5.7, ta 66 UP = pdpdp; y= poos ah 5.74. = 8, = fd =2f fpeosppintn 2 p'ap| cos pip = 27° sina Paar", Do d6, theo (5.4) toa d6 ciéa trong tim 1a: on a . Huh 5.2:Cho vidu 5. Hin 5.8:Cho vide 32. 85Vi du 5.2 Xe dinh toa d@ cia wong tm eda mat edt cho ten inh 5.8a, Gidi. ‘Ta chia mat edt trén hinh 5.80 thanh ba mgt et va g&n he trye toa dé (x.y) nh hinh 5.8b. Theo (5.4) ta e6: Beil toh ttyl, 6124+ 24.124 816K _ 5 o" SRR 124+ 4.124164 Fi + VeoFs+ Veo _ 1812.4 +104.12+ 2.164 R+k+F, 12444124 164 Vidu 5.3. Xée din toa d6 eta trong tim eta mat eft cho trén Minh 5.%. Gidi. DOi vsi nhitag mit ct dang rong hay bi kho¢t lm, thi van sit dung cOng thie (5.4) nhung phan dign tich réng ta xem lu dign tich Sim. Chia mit et hin 5.9a Fim hai phan mgt phin 1a dign tich hinh trdn kh6ng bj kho¢*, phan cda Iai la dign tch hinh vung e6 gid tj Am, Gdn vao hg tne toa dQ (x,y) nw hinh 5,9, Do tye x di qua wong tim cla hinh tn nén oo 16m 9 ‘16-9 a= 0,220. oh 59:Chovidu 53 ah 10: Cho vida $4 Vid 54 Xe dinh momen quin tinh chinh trung tam eita Gidi. ‘Ta chia mat edt trén hinh 5.10a thinh hai hink chéf nhdt nh hinh 5.10b. va chon he trye toa dg ban daw la (x.y), Vitrue y 1a true déi xing nén x, = 0. YesF + Yeaks _ 185.2054 8816 at ct hut hinh 5.10. 2,6tc) F+F, wasraaig —(76lem Theo (5.9) va (5.15) 1a 66: J, = Jl + JL), Tromg dé: di —wlle sane 205+ (185- 261 20.5 = 367,75cm* S16" by JQ - 92, aa (1261-8) 8.16 ~$45,09m* aVidu 5.5. ‘Xe dinh mémen quén tinh chinh trung tam cia mat c{t nw hin 5.11a, Gidi. Chia mt edt wn hin 5.112 thanh ba phn: phn J-va 3 1a hin chir ahge, phin 2 12 atta Ininh ton, ce phiin 2 va 3 1a rong nén e6 gi tj Am d6i vai mimen Gh, momen quan tinh, Chon h¢ trye toa d6 (xy) nu hinh 5.116. Theo ket qud vidu 5.1 khi thay o —% ta 66: y.. 6042 aa ‘nos a= 6,850 ‘Toa d0 trong tim cia mat eft: YePi~YeoFy Fy -Py=, Momen quan tinh ehinh trang tam: =) —32)—70), Trong a6: B, Sa.60a° ~6,85an(2a) /2~ 350.20 00° — w(2a) / = 5,550 J +e yo Fm = SLOAN. (535—Sa) 60a? 518,50. ID =I sn 8 LEN 65,5509 ACY w 75604 IB, + (Ve Yea telS0Y (5 350-350) 200% = 125,204 '6a‘ — 125,72a = 384,870", inh 5.11:Cho vy 5.5, Hin 5.12: Cho vida 6, Vidy 5.6. Xae dinh ee momen quén tinh chinh (rung tam va true quén tinh chinh trung tam etia mat et shu hinb 5.12a, Gia. Chia mat edt wén hinh 5,12a thanh hai hinh chir nhat nh hinh 5,126, va chon he true toa do ban daula (x.y) Toa do trong tim cia mat eft: x Neh t XeoFy 3618+ 9189 5 ee 6184189 YaF Yoh 1861845189 Fee eiestes, ‘Mémen gun tinh tung tim: ee be)=I, +0 ve) F = 2, -veY FOS 78 Gey 139° JIB +e vo) = 88 => Tye = 10002em! + S817em* = 15819em" + (18-9.9)°618~ 10002m", +(9,9-4,5) 18.9» S817em*, I} =I, + Qe — xe, Fy = ae + (66-3) 6.18% 1724em* I =I, + (ten — 20 F ae + (9-66) 18.9» 5307em* 3 ye = 1724em* + 5307 em‘ =703Iem* . Jago =I +1, I = I, + (Nei — Ye Vater He WP, = 0+ (18 9,93 -6.6)6.18 —31490m" , Ie = Abs + (oa — Yo ton — Ho Ws = 0+ (45 9.99 6,689 = —2100em* 2 Ig = ~3149¢m" — 210em* = 5249em* Phung ctia hé tye quain tinh chinh trang tém: Bh a tear ———Z/ ne 2465249) _ oye = 2a S07 +k 180? 15819-7031 a =29°03; @, = 118°03 . Gié tricia mOmen quan tinh ehinh trang tm: tot J, 3 2 _ 13819-47031 1 (1s819—r0s1} +s $209) = 1827em‘ Woe Fe) Hise = 1581947031 _1 (5819-7031) + 4(- 5249)" = 45800m" BAI TAP CHUONG § 5.1+S4, Xac dinh vj tri trong tim ctia ede mt cho tr€n hinh 5,13 +5.16. Hah 513, Than 5.16 inh 55 Wha 516, 5.58.8, Xéc dinh vj ri trong tim va tinh momen quan tinh chinh trung tim cia ede mat edt cho trén hinh 5.17 +5.20, 88Hint 5.17 Ha 5.18. ah 519 in 520. 5.95.11, Xe dinh vi tri tong tim va tinh mOmen quén tinh chinh trung tm eta ee mat ext cho trén hinh 5,21 + 5.23. 5.12, Xée dinh h¢ true quén tinh chinh e6 g6e tai A cia hinh chir nha nhur ten hinh 5.24, Tinh cde momen quan tinh chinh di qua diém A, ”e WH ae Hint $21, Han 522, hah 523, han 526, 5.13. Xée dinh momen qué tinh eta mat eft ngang chi thap trén hinh 5.25 d6i voi he teuc toa do it 5.25, Hint 9.26, Hint 5.27, nb 5.28, 5.14.16, Xe dinh vi tri trong tam, fim eée phudng chinh va tinh momen quén tinh chinh trang tim eva ede mat edt cho trén hinh 5.26 + 5.28,