Appli. of Input Devices

02 October,2018
Applications of
Input Devices
Maira Kashif : Memoona Afzal : Zarlish

Nadeem : Nida Shabbir : Ambreen Ishfaq
02 October,2018
Applications of
Input Devices
Maira Kashif : Memoona Afzal : Zarlish

Nadeem : Nida Shabbir : Ambreen Ishfaq
Table of content
INTRODUCTION ...........................................................
EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES .........................................
DESCRIPTION OF NEED ..................................................
ADVANTAGES OF A TRACKBALL MOUSE ..................................... II
DISADVANTAGES OF A TRACKBALL MOUSE .................................. II
FIRST A WORD ON PATTERNS .............................................. XI
CONDENSER MICS: ........................................................ XII
RIBBON MICS:............................................................. XII
APPLICATIONS OF INPUT DEVICES: .............................. XVII
CONCLUSION .......................................................... XXI
Introduction
An input device can be defined as an electromechanical device that allows the user to feed
information or data into the computer for analysis, storage and give commands to the
computer. Input devices accept data and information from the computer. Generally input
devices are manual or direct data entry devices.
EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
1. Keyboard
2. Pointing devices
3. Scanners
4. Barcode readers/scanners
5. QR code reader
6. Camera
7. Microphones
8. Sensors
9. Touch Screen
10. Interactive Whiteboards
Description of Need
1) Keyboard:
In computing, a computer keyboard is a typewriter-style device which uses an
arrangement of buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches.
Keyboards became the main input method for computers. Generally standard
computers have 104 keys.
Keyboard keys (buttons) typically have characters engraved or printed on them and
each press of a key typically corresponds to a single written symbol.
An alphanumeric keyboard on a graphics system is used primarily as device for
entering text strings. The keyboard is an efficient device for inputting such non-
graphic data as picture labels associated with a graphics display. Keyboards can also
be provided with features to facilitate entry of screen coordinates, menu selections,
or graphics functions.
 Suited to: Entering text and number data into a computer system.
Making selections on devices.
 Advantages: Reliable for data input of text and numbers. Usually
supplied with a computer so no additional cost. Specialized keyboards
are available for particular purposes.
 Disadvantages: Slow to enter data and prone to typographical errors
with new users. Slow for accessing menus etc. and difficult to use if you
want to move objects around the screen. Difficult for users unable to
use a keyboard through paralysis or muscular disorder.
2) POINTING DEVICES:
a) Mouse:
A mouse is small hand-held box used to position the screen cursor. Wheels or rollers on the
bottom of the mouse can be used to record the amount and direction of movement. Another
method for detecting mouse motion is with an optical sensor,. For these systems, the mouse
is moved over a special mouse pad that has a grid of horizontal and vertical lines. The optical
sensor detects movement across the lines in the grid.
Since a mouse can be picked up and put down at another position without change in cursor
movement, it is used for making relative changes in the position of the screen cursor. One,
two, or three buttons are usually included on the top of the mouse for signaling the execution
of some operation, such as recording cursor position or invoking a function.
o Suited to: A graphical user interface where pointing with a screen pointer is
combined with selection using buttons to access items / menus / hyperlinks
etc.
o Advantages: Ideal for use with desktop computers. Usually supplied

with a computer so no additional cost. All computer users tend to be
familiar with using them.
o Disadvantages: They need a flat space close to the computer. The
mouse cannot easily be used with laptop, notebook or palmtop computers
when not near a flat surface (these need a tracker ball or a touch
sensitive pad called a touch pad).
b) Track Ball:
A trackball is a pointing input device. It consists of a ball held by a socket containing

sensors to detect a rotation of the ball about two axes. It is like an upside-down
mouse with a ball that sticks out. The user rolls the ball with the thumb, fingers or
the palm of the hand to move a cursor.
Advantages of a Trackball Mouse
The trackball mouse is more beneficial because it allows users to move the cursor
without requiring movement of the entire mouse. This reduces strain on the user's
wrist, hands, arms, and shoulders. Trackball users can also operate the buttons more
easily without accidentally moving the mouse itself. Trackball mice also use less
space than a traditional mouse, and do not require a mouse pad.
Disadvantages of a Trackball Mouse
While the trackball is better than the traditional mouse, it does have some
disadvantages. Given that users are controlling the cursor with a ball, movements are
not completely precise. For designers and those who work in graphics, the customary
mouse may have greater accuracy. Another disadvantage is that the ball mechanism
requires more cleaning and maintenance than a regular mouse.
c) Touchpad: Touchpad are slightly same as touch

screen, but touch pad only can be use in their provided space, commonly square or
rectangle in shape. It works by slide your finger over their small flat surface, and
tapping your finger on the surface to click an option. It widely use in laptops.
Advantages of touchpad Disadvantages of touchpad
Useful for laptops when using a

mouse isn't practical
Takes practice and skill to
control the position of the
cursor using the touchpad
The pad's position is fixed Gloves cannot be worn i.e. in a

compared to the keyboard, clean room or industrial
unlike with a traditional mouse environment where gloves need
to be worn.
Very short finger movements Moist, sweaty or calloused

are required to move the cursor fingers can disrupt the signals
picked up by the sensors.
d) Joystick:
A Joystick consists of small vertical lever (i.e. stick) mounted on base which is used to
steer screen cursor around. Most of the joysticks select screen positions with actual
stick movement; others respond to pressure on the stick. The figure-1 depicts
joystick. Some joysticks are mounted on keyboard; others function as stand alone
units.
The distance from stick's center position to moved position is proportional to screen cursor
movement in that direction. Potentiometer is mounted on base of the joystick which
measures the amount of the movement. This potentiometer helps in returning stick to its
center position when stick of joystick is released. One or more buttons can a
APPLICATIONS: of using a light pen
A Computer Aided Design (CAD) package
also be programmed to act as input switches to signal certain actions once a screen
position has been selected.
e) Light Pen:
A light-sensitive pen like device that uses a wired connection to a computer

terminal to transmit data. The concept is like a mouse, just bring the pen to desired
location and press a button to identify the screen location. It most popular among
graphics artists, engineers, and in situations that require covered hands.
ADVANTAGE: of using a light pen

 It is more direct and precise than using a mouse.
DISADVANTAGES: of using a light pen
 It can record only the presence or absence of light.
 It requires software written specially for it.
f) Digital Pen:
Digital pen is electronic devices which consists of microchip in the pen to captures
the handwriting or brush strokes of user and then convert it into digital ink that can
be writing on a paper. The writing then sent to computer as image file.
3) Scanners:
A device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting or an object and
converts it to a digital image. Commonly used in offices are variations of the
desktop flatbed scanner where the document is placed on a glass window for
scanning. Hand-held scanners, where the device is moved by hand, have evolved from
text scanning "wands" to 3D scanners used for industrial design, reverse engineering,
test and measurement, orthotics, gaming and other applications. Mechanically driven
scanners that move the document are typically used for large-format documents, where
a flatbed design would be impractical.
a) TWO-DIMENSIONAL SCANNERS:
These types of scanners are the most common form and are generally used to input
hard-copy documents. The image is converted into an electronic form which can be
stored in a computer.
The numbers of stages occur when scanning a document:
 The cover is first raised, then the document is placed on the glass plate, and
then cover is closed.
 A bright light then illuminates the documents; modern scanners use a type of
neon palm which produces a very bright light.
 A scan head moves across the document is produced which is sent to a ensuring
a series of mirrors. The lens focuses the document image.
 The focused image now falls onto a charge couple device (CCD); which
consists of a number of integrated circuits etched into silicon. Essentially the
CCD is made up of thousands of light sensitive elements (or pixels). Each
element creates an electric charge when light falls on it. This means that the
scanned image is now turned into an electrical form.
 Software produces a digital image from the electronic form.
Computers equipped with OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION (OCR) software allow
the scanned text from the document to be converted into a TEXT FILE FORMAT. This
means the scanned image can now be edited and manipulated by importing it into a
word processor.
b) THREE-DIMENSIONAL SCANNERS:
Scanners scan solid objects and produce a three-dimensional image. Since solid
subjects have x, y and z co-ordinates, these scanners take image at several points on
these three coordinates. A digital image which represents the solid image is formed.
The scanned image can be used in COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)or more
importantly sent to a 3D printer to produce a working model of the scanned image.
There are numerous technologies used in 3D scanners – lasers, magnetic abundances,
white light and so on.
Advantages Disadvantages
➨It is useful for playing computer and ➨It is difficult to control the ON screen
video games. pointer compare to mouse. Some people
➨It is very easy to use by beginners. find it more difficult to control than mouse.
➨It is very fast interface. ➨Movement indirect in plane different
➨It is easier to navigate. from the screen.
➨The control is in 3D (three dimensions). ➨They are not robust and can break if too
much force is applied on them.
➨They provide fast interactions as
➨It requires lifting of hand from keyboard
required in most games and hence used in
games such as racing or flying styles etc. keys and requires different hand
movements.
4) Barcode reader/ Scanners:
A barcode is a series of dark and light

parallel lines of varying thickness. The numbers 0 to 9 are each represented by a
unique series of lines. Various barcode methods for representing these digits exist.
The example we shall use adopts different codes for digit appearing on the left and
for digits appearing on the right (known as UPC (Universal Product Code) version A).
The actual left-hand and right-hand sides of barcode are separated using guard bars.
Each digit is made up of two dark lines and two light lines. The width representing
each digit is the same, thus the speed of scanning isn’t important. The digits on the
left have an odd number of dark elements and always begin with a light bar; the digits
on the right have an even number of dark elements and always begin with a dark bar.
This arrangement allows a barcode to be scanned in any direction.
5) QR [Quick Response] code reader:
Another type of barcode is the QUICK RESPONSE (QR)

CODE. This is made up of a matrix of filled-in dark squares on a light background. For
example, let’s suppose a QR code contains the message: ‘computer science textbook-CIE
syllabus’. To make a comparison, normal barcodes can hold up to 30 digits; QR codes can hold
over 7000 digits. This obviously gives greater scope for the storage of information.
Because of modern smart phones, which allow internet access on the move, QR codes can be
easily scanned anywhere. This allows advertising of products on trains, buses, shopping malls
and many other places. By using the built-in camera facility on modern phones and
downloading the appropriate application, it is possible to read the QR codes. The code may
contain a website link or some form of advertising.
For example, the QR code on newspaper contains a phone number and an advertisement for
free pizzas today. On scanning the QR code, the phone number and advertisement will appear
on the screen.
6) Cameras:
A camera is an optical instrument for recording or capturing images, which may be
stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both. The images may be individual
still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies. The camera is
a remote sensing device as it senses subjects without any contact. The
word camera comes from camera obscura, which means "dark chamber" and is the
Latin name of the original device for projecting an image of external reality onto a
flat surface.
Types of Camera:
DIGITAL CAMERA:
Digital cameras are wonderful tools. They capture a moment and save time by
recording footage that doesn't need to be processed. Images are easily transferred
from the camera to the computer or another storage device. Imaging software used
with digital photos can also introduce a variety of special effects. A downside is that
memory space can be easily used up. These cameras are controlled by
microprocessors which can automatically carry out the following tasks.
 Adjust the shutter speed
 Focus the image automatically
 Operate the flash automatically
 Adjust the aperture size
 Adjusting size of image
 Remove red-eye when flash has being used
And so on.
Digital Single Lens Reflect Camera:
A digital single-lens reflex camera (also called digital SLR or DSLR) is a digital
camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex
camera with a digital imaging sensor, as opposed to photographic film. The reflex
design scheme is the primary difference between a DSLR and other digital cameras. In
the reflex design, light travels through the lens, then to a mirror that alternates to
send the image to either the viewfinder or the image sensor. The traditional
alternative would be to have a viewfinder with its own lens, hence the term "single
lens" for this design.
7) MICROPHONES
A microphone, colloquially nicknamed mic or mike (/maɪk/),[1] is a transducer

that converts sound into an electrical signal.
Microphones are used in many applications such as telephones, hearing aids,
public address systems for concert halls and public events, motion picture
production, live and recorded audio engineering, sound recording, two-way
radios, megaphones, radio and television broadcasting, and in computers for
recording voice, speech recognition, VoIP, and for non-acoustic purposes such
as ultrasonic sensors or knock sensors.
Several different types of microphone are in use, which employ different methods to
convert the air pressure variations of a sound wave to an electrical signal.
First a word on patterns
There are 4 main types of microphones: cardioid, super cardioid, omni and figure 8.
These names describe where and how much the mic will pick up.
Cardioid: Imagine a Japanese fan coming from the tip of the mic. That’s the pattern
it will hear sound from.
Super Cardioid means the fan is not fully unfurled – a tighter pickup area.
Omni means all around, from everywhere – think a globe around the mic as it’s pick
up range.
And finally, . Put the mic in the center of the 8 and it’s a visual to the pattern it will
pick up – not much if anything from the side and everything in front and in back. Very
useful in rejecting sound you don’t want coming in from the side.
There are three different categories for mics: Dynamic, Condenser and Ribbon.
Dynamic mics:
Dynamic mics are what you usually see a singer singing into during a show. They are
the hammer and screwdriver in your tool chest. They can be used on absolutely
everything, but there are some parameters. Usually dynamic mics are best when used
close to the source – not too distant for the sound. They can generally take a beating
both in sound level and if you happen to need something to pound a nail in on stage.
They are awesome and beloved. Snare drum to Marshal stack to Adele’s live vocals.
Dynamic mics are not very good with the more subtle stuff or with something that
needs more “air”, room or ambience. They generally have a cardioid pattern to what
they “hear”.
Condenser mics:
Condenser mics come in all forms from pencil to big diaphragm. They need phantom
power to work (48V). Usually there’s a button on a console or audio interface to
power them – if not, you’ll need a phantom power box which you’ll plug the mic into
and then from the box to your audio interface/mic pre/consol/whatever.
Condenser mics come in patterns of super cardioid, cardioid, omni and figure 8, and
some do all patterns or some of the above in one mic.
Condenser mics are built to pick up detail – usually fantastic, but sometimes it can be
a frustratingly truthful thing - the mirror can hurt! But they are precision tools. Most
recordings have mostly these types of mics on them. Vocals, acoustic guitar, strings,
piano, drum overheads, hat, kick drum, snare drum, room mics, guitar cabs, bass rig
and on and on.
Size matters. Diaphragm size, that is. (Oh, you can tell yourself it doesn’t but it
does.) Pencil condensers (named for their thin, tubular shape) have smaller
diaphragms and are great on acoustic instruments. Large diaphragms are amazing on
vocals, rooms, bass and even guitar cabs.
The typical “in studio” vocalist, pretending to sing to her newest track, adds to the
fantasy by using the real large diaphragm condenser hanging there full of unrealized
promise. Condenser = da bomb.
But, as for the choices between them, think top of the line Buick to Bentley. There
are some really great and inexpensive mics in this category and then there are some
classics that will make you understand the price of coming to the dance.
Ribbon mics:
Ribbon mics have been around forever. Old news reels have a large mic in front of the
road-hardened newsman, along with pic of our greatest singers from the 30’s, 40’s
and 50’s singing into a ribbon mic.
They are all figure 8 in pattern. In recent years ribbon mics have come back into favor
like Travolta after Pulp Fiction but more so. The new generation isn’t noisy and
doesn’t take a bunch of gain to get them to a recordable level.
They are also amazing on guitar cabs, rooms and drum overheads. The modern idea to
these mics is to make the top end sweet and musical, and the low end rich and
usable. (Like that isn’t ever a worthy thing.)
8) Sensors:
A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical
environment. The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or
any one of a great number of other environmental phenomena. The output is
generally a signal that is converted to human-readable display at the sensor location
or transmitted electronically over a network for reading or further processing.
Few examples of the many different types of sensors:
In a MERCURY-BASED GLASS THERMOMETER, the input is temperature. The liquid

contained expands and contracts in response, causing the level to be higher or lower
on the marked gauge, which is human-readable.
An OXYGEN SENSOR in a car's emission control system detects the gasoline/oxygen

ratio, usually through a chemical reaction that generates a voltage. A computer in the
engine reads the voltage and, if the mixture is not optimal, readjusts the balance.
MOTION SENSORS in various systems including home security lights, automatic doors
and bathroom fixtures typically send out some type of energy, such
as microwaves, ultrasonic waves or light beams and detect when the flow of energy is
interrupted by something entering its path.
A PHOTO SENSOR detects the presence of visible light, infrared transmission (IR),
and/or ultraviolet (UV) energy
9) Touch Screens:
Touch screen is a device embedded into the screen of the LCD monitor screen. It
use with an interaction between the screen by physically touch of finger. It very
sensitized to detect touch on the screen. Generally used in ATMs, information, kiosks,
reservation kiosks, voting machines, Smartphone, tables, laptops, and e-books.
Advantages Drawbacks
o Switch and buttons are not o Since a display is directly touched,

physically required. Device makers the display may get dirty, then
can make and modify various input become less-visible. A direct touch
interfaces creatively by software. may also cause scratches on the
o With multi-touch function, various screen that may cause malfunction
operations/inputs (eg: zoom- in some cases.
in/zoom-out, rotation) are o Unlike push-button and mouse,
possible. users will not feel "click" when a
o Because a user operates an user input a touch screen, thus
electronic device by directly operation may become clumsy
touching the images on the display sometimes. However, there are
he is seeing, the operation will be certain touch screens that provide
intuitive, thus anyone can operate "click feeling" when touched.
it from first use. o Touch screen is difficult to be
o The whole unit is space-saving operated for the visually impaired.
because display and input space Some creative ways to let them
are integrated. There is a lot of know where to touch are needed.
flexibility in design. Sound navigation and/or physical
o Unlike keyboard or physical buttons might be helpful in
switch, there will be no dirt, dust, combination with touch screen.
and moisture getting into the
spaces between buttons. Thus, it
is easy for maintenance.
10) Interactive White Boards:

An interactive whiteboard is an instructional tool that allows computer images to be
displayed onto a board using a digital projector. The instructor can then manipulate
the elements on the board by using his finger as a mouse, directly on the screen.
Items can be dragged, clicked and copied and the lecturer can handwrite notes,
which can be transformed into text and saved.
They are a powerful tool in the classroom adding interactivity and collaboration,
allowing the integration of media content into the lecture and supporting
collaborative learning. Used innovatively they create a wide range of learning
opportunities. However, in many environments they are not being used to their full
potential, and in many cases acting as glorified blackboards.
This type of whiteboard is now commonplace in schools in the UK, but universities
have been slower to adopt this technology. They were originally developed for use in
business to demonstrate concepts and record meetings. However, they are an
extremely flexible tool which can be used with both the youngest primary school
children and university graduates.
An interactive whiteboard can be a cost saver as this technology demonstrates how

one computer can provide learning stimuli for a whole classroom. This is more cost
effective than equipping an entire IT room, or every student with a laptop.
Examples of the features available when using an interactive whiteboard:

• Add annotations
• Highlight text
• Add notes and drawings and then save them to be printed out and shared, or added
to a virtual learning environment.
• Show pictures and educational videos to the whole lecture theatre. You can label
parts or highlight elements of an image.

the elements on the board by using his finger as a mouse, directly on the screen. Items
can be dragged, clicked and copied and the lecturer can handwrite notes, which can
be transformed into text and saved.


• Add annotations
• Highlight text
• Demonstrate the content available on a website in a teacher-directed activity
APPLICATIONS OF INPUT DEVICES:
1. Keyboard:
Keyboards are language specific. While most keyboards around the world will
also contain regular English characters, they may contain separate keys for
commonly used characters in their local language that are not used in English,
such as the accented letters in French. In addition, languages like Japanese
that use a totally different set of characters need unique keys for those
characters. Users can then switch between their own language and English
characters.
2. Pointing devices:
a) Mouse: A computer mouse (plural: mice) is an input device that is most
often used with a personal computer. Moving a mouse along a flat surface can
move the on-screen cursor to different items on the screen. Items can be
moved or selected by pressing the mouse buttons (called clicking).
b) Track ball: It widely use in design and manufacturing industries. A trackball is a
computer cursor control device used in many notebook and laptop computers.
The trackball is usually located in front of the keyboard toward the user. Essentially,
the trackball is an upside-down mouse that rotates in place within a socket.
c) Touch pad: Originally incorporated in laptop computers, touch pads are also
being made for use with desktop computers. A touch pad works by sensing the
user's finger movement and downward pressure.
d) Joystick: Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually have
one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer. A
popular variation of the joystick used on modern video game consoles is the
analog stick.
e) light pen: It allows the user to point to displayed objects or draw on the screen in
a similar way to a touch screen but with greater positional accuracy. A Computer
Aided Design (CAD) package
f) Digital Pens: Digital pens aren't all the same. There are three quite different kinds
and they do three quite different jobs:
1. Some are like thin, handheld scanners. They're designed to turn printed text
into editable text on your computer using OCR (optical character recognition).
IRISPen is a popular example.
2. Some are designed to "import" ordinary handwriting into a computer as editable
text. Pens like this come with a PC software package that imports the data the
pen has stored and decodes it, turning your scribbled handwriting into editable
text as good as you could have typed from the keyboard.
3. Some work by reading or tracking complex printed patterns from the paper and
are mainly used for filling in order forms (though they can also do things like
handwriting recognition).
4.Scanners: Scanners are useful devices that are easy to use and powerful.
Common uses of scanners include:
 Converting photographic materials into high-resolution image files, for
example, old B&W photographs, magazine pages and student cards.
 Converting hand drawn pictures into an electronic format, for example, line
drawings, art, logos, signatures and diagrams.
 Capturing text using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software, for

example, type written pages and pages from a book.
APPLICATION OF 2D SCANNERS AT AN AIRPORT:

Scanners are used at airports to read passports. They make use of OCR technology to
produce digital image which represents the passports pages. Because of OCR
technology, these digital images can be manipulated in a number of ways for
example, the OCR software is able to review these images, select the text part, then
automatically put the text into the correct fields of an existing database. It is possible
for the text to be stored in ASCII format.
In many airports the 2D photograph in the passport is also scanned and stored as jpeg
image. The passenger’s face is also photographed using a digital camera (a 2D image
is taken so it can be matched to the image taken from the passport). The two digital
images are compared using face recognition/detection software. Key parts of the face
are compared.
APPLICATION OF 3D SCANNING – COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC (CT)

SCANNERS:
CT scanners are used to create a 3D image of object. This is based on TOMOGRAPHY
technology which basically builds up the image of the solid object through a series of
very thin ‘slices’. Together these slices make up a representation of the 3D solid
object.
Each slice is built up by the use of X-rays, radio frequencies or gamma rays although a
number of other methods exist. Each ‘slice’ is then stored as a digital image in the
computer memory. The whole of the solid object is represented in the computer
memory.
Depending on how the image is formed. The types of tomographic scanners have
different names. For example:
 X-rays CT scanners (computerised tomography)

 Radio frequencies MRI (magnetic resonance imaging )
 Gamma rays SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography)
5) Barcode readers/scanners: the QR code on newspaper contains a phone
number and an advertisement for free pizzas today. On scanning the QR code, the
phone number and advertisement will appear on the screen.
6) QR code reader: QR is short for Quick Response (they can be read

quickly by a cell phone). They are used to take a piece of information from a
transitory media and put it in to your cell phone. You may soon see QR Codes in
a magazine advert, on a billboard, a web page or even on someone’s t-shirt.
Once it is in your cell phone, it may give you details about that business
(allowing users to search for nearby locations), or details about the person
wearing the t-shirt, show you a URL which you can click to see a trailer for a
movie, or it may give you a coupon which you can use in a local outlet.
7)Camera: A digital camera records and stores photographic images in digital
form. Many current models are also able to capture sound or video, in addition
to still images. Capture is usually accomplished by use of a photosensor, using a
charged coupled device (CCD).
 8)Microphones: Transmitting your voice over a digital network to the
other person on the phone.
 Capturing sound in audio and video recordings.
 Taking voice as an input in dictation, voice commands, voice assistants,
music recognition apps.
9)Sensors: Speed Sensor, temperature sensor, movement sensors in door e.g, sliding
doors, temperature sensors, ultrasonic sensors.
10)Touch Screen: A touch screen is a display that can recognize
a touch to its surface area, either with a finger or a stylus. Touch screens are
commonly used on cell phones, PDAs, ATM machines, video games and even
supermarket terminals.
11) Interactive Whiteboards: Anything that can be done on a
computer monitor can be replicated on the interactive white board. A teacher
can create engaging lessons that focus on one task such as a matching activity
where students use either their fingers or a pen to match items. Another teacher
might integrate multiple items into a lesson plan such as websites, photos, and
music that students can interact with, respond to verbally or even write
comments on the board itself. Image size and placement can change with a
simple touch to the screen. This technology makes the one-computer classroom a
workable instructional model. Imagine taking a class on a photo safari to Africa
complete with embedded videos, animal sounds and mapping software
Conclusion
Application of Input Devices Tuesday, October 02, 2018
Introduction
An input device can be defined as an electromechanical device that allows the user to feed
information or data into the computer for analysis, storage and give commands to the
computer. Input devices accept data and information from the computer. Generally input
devices are manual or direct data entry devices.
EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES
11. Keyboard
12. Pointing devices
13. Scanners
14. Barcode readers/scanners
15. QR code reader
16. Camera
17. Microphones
18. Sensors
19. Touch Screen
20. Interactive Whiteboards
Description of Need
1) Keyboard:
In computing, a computer keyboard is a typewriter-style device which uses an
arrangement of buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches.
Keyboards became the main input method for computers. Generally standard
computers have 104 keys.
Maira Kashif : Memoona Afzal : Zarlish Nadeem : Nida Shabbir : Ambreen Ishfaq
1
Keyboard keys (buttons) typically have characters engraved or printed on them and
each press of a key typically corresponds to a single written symbol.
An alphanumeric keyboard on a graphics system is used primarily as device for

entering text strings. The keyboard is an efficient device for inputting such non-
graphic data as picture labels associated with a graphics display. Keyboards can also
be provided with features to facilitate entry of screen coordinates, menu selections,
or graphics functions.
 Suited to: Entering text and number data into a computer system.
Making selections on devices.
 Advantages: Reliable for data input of text and numbers. Usually
supplied with a computer so no additional cost. Specialized keyboards
are available for particular purposes.
 Disadvantages: Slow to enter data and prone to typographical errors
with new users. Slow for accessing menus etc. and difficult to use if you
want to move objects around the screen. Difficult for users unable to
use a keyboard through paralysis or muscular disorder.
2) POINTING DEVICES:
a) Mouse:
A mouse is small hand-held box used to position the screen cursor. Wheels or rollers
on the bottom of the mouse can be used to record the amount and direction of
movement. Another method for detecting mouse motion is with an optical sensor,.
For these systems, the mouse is moved over a special mouse pad that has a grid of
horizontal and vertical lines. The optical sensor detects movement across the lines in
the grid.
Since a mouse can be picked up and put down at another position without change in
cursor movement, it is used for making relative changes in the position of the screen
2
cursor. One, two, or three buttons are usually included on the top of the mouse for
signaling the execution of some operation, such as recording cursor position or
invoking a function.
o Suited to: A graphical user interface where pointing with a screen pointer is
combined with selection using buttons to access items / menus / hyperlinks
etc.
o Advantages: Ideal for use with desktop computers. Usually supplied

with a computer so no additional cost. All computer users tend to be
familiar with using them.
o Disadvantages: They need a flat space close to the computer. The
mouse cannot easily be used with laptop, notebook or palmtop computers
when not near a flat surface (these need a tracker ball or a touch
sensitive pad called a touch pad).
b) Track Ball:
A trackball is a pointing input device. It consists of a ball held by a socket containing

sensors to detect a rotation of the ball about two axes. It is like an upside-down
mouse with a ball that sticks out. The user rolls the ball with the thumb, fingers or
the palm of the hand to move a cursor.
Advantages of a Trackball Mouse
The trackball mouse is more beneficial because it allows users to move the cursor
without requiring movement of the entire mouse. This reduces strain on the user's
wrist, hands, arms, and shoulders. Trackball users can also operate the buttons more
easily without accidentally moving the mouse itself. Trackball mice also use less
space than a traditional mouse, and do not require a mouse pad.
3
Disadvantages of a Trackball Mouse
While the trackball is better than the traditional mouse, it does have some
disadvantages. Given that users are controlling the cursor with a ball, movements are
not completely precise. For designers and those who work in graphics, the customary
mouse may have greater accuracy. Another disadvantage is that the ball mechanism
requires more cleaning and maintenance than a regular mouse.
c) Touchpad: Touchpad are slightly same as touch

screen, but touch pad only can be use in their provided space, commonly square or
rectangle in shape. It works by slide your finger over their small flat surface, and
tapping your finger on the surface to click an option. It widely use in laptops.
Advantages of touchpad Disadvantages of touchpad
Useful for laptops when using a

mouse isn't practical
Takes practice and skill to
control the position of the
cursor using the touchpad
The pad's position is fixed Gloves cannot be worn i.e. in a

compared to the keyboard, clean room or industrial
unlike with a traditional mouse environment where gloves need
to be worn.
4
Very short finger movements Moist, sweaty or calloused

are required to move the cursor fingers can disrupt the signals
picked up by the sensors.
d) Joystick:
A Joystick consists of small vertical lever (i.e. stick) mounted on base which is used to
steer screen cursor around. Most of the joysticks select screen positions with actual
stick movement; others respond to pressure on the stick. The figure-1 depicts
joystick. Some joysticks are mounted on keyboard; others function as stand alone
units.
The distance from stick's center position to moved position is proportional to screen cursor
movement in that direction. Potentiometer is mounted on base of the joystick which
measures the amount of the movement. This potentiometer helps in returning stick to its
center position when stick of joystick is released. One or more buttons can a
APPLICATIONS: of using a light pen
Also be programmed to act as input switches to signal certain actions once a screen
position has been selected.
5
e) Light Pen:
A light-sensitive pen like device that uses a wired connection to a computer

terminal to transmit data. The concept is like a mouse, just bring the pen to desired
location and press a button to identify the screen location. It most popular among
graphics artists, engineers, and in situations that require covered hands.
ADVANTAGE: of using a light pen

 It is more direct and precise than using a mouse.
DISADVANTAGES: of using a light pen
 It can record only the presence or absence of light.
 It requires software written specially for it.
f) Digital Pen:
Digital pen is electronic devices which consists of microchip in the pen to captures
the handwriting or brush strokes of user and then convert it into digital ink that can
be writing on a paper. The writing then sent to computer as image file.
6
3) Scanners:
A device that optically scans images, printed text, handwriting or an object and
converts it to a digital image. Commonly used in offices are variations of the
desktop flatbed scanner where the document is placed on a glass window for
scanning. Hand-held scanners, where the device is moved by hand, have evolved from
text scanning "wands" to 3D scanners used for industrial design, reverse engineering,
test and measurement, orthotics, gaming and other applications. Mechanically driven
scanners that move the document are typically used for large-format documents, where
a flatbed design would be impractical.
a) TWO-DIMENSIONAL SCANNERS:
These types of scanners are the most common form and are generally used to input
hard-copy documents. The image is converted into an electronic form which can be
stored in a computer.
The numbers of stages occur when scanning a document:
7
 The cover is first raised, then the document is placed on the glass plate, and
then cover is closed.
 A bright light then illuminates the documents; modern scanners use a type of
neon palm which produces a very bright light.
 A scan head moves across the document is produced which is sent to a ensuring
a series of mirrors. The lens focuses the document image.
 The focused image now falls onto a charge couple device (CCD); which
consists of a number of integrated circuits etched into silicon. Essentially the
CCD is made up of thousands of light sensitive elements (or pixels). Each
element creates an electric charge when light falls on it. This means that the
scanned image is now turned into an electrical form.
 Software produces a digital image from the electronic form.
Computers equipped with OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION (OCR) software allow

the scanned text from the document to be converted into a TEXT FILE FORMAT. This
means the scanned image can now be edited and manipulated by importing it into a
word processor.
b) THREE-DIMENSIONAL SCANNERS:
Scanners scan solid objects and produce a three-dimensional image. Since solid
subjects have x, y and z co-ordinates, these scanners take image at several points on
these three coordinates. A digital image which represents the solid image is formed.
The scanned image can be used in COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)or more
importantly sent to a 3D printer to produce a working model of the scanned image.
There are numerous technologies used in 3D scanners – lasers, magnetic abundances,
white light and so on.
Advantages Disadvantages
8
➨It is useful for playing computer and ➨It is difficult to control the ON screen
video games. pointer compare to mouse. Some people
➨It is very easy to use by beginners. find it more difficult to control than mouse.
➨It is very fast interface. ➨Movement indirect in plane different
➨It is easier to navigate. from the screen.
➨The control is in 3D (three dimensions). ➨They are not robust and can break if too
much force is applied on them.
➨They provide fast interactions as
➨It requires lifting of hand from keyboard
required in most games and hence used in
games such as racing or flying styles etc. keys and requires different hand
movements.
4) Barcode reader/ Scanners:
A barcode is a series of dark and light

parallel lines of varying thickness. The numbers 0 to 9 are each represented by a
unique series of lines. Various barcode methods for representing these digits exist.
The example we shall use adopts different codes for digit appearing on the left and
for digits appearing on the right (known as UPC (Universal Product Code) version A).
The actual left-hand and right-hand sides of barcode are separated using guard bars.
Each digit is made up of two dark lines and two light lines. The width representing
each digit is the same, thus the speed of scanning isn’t important. The digits on the
left have an odd number of dark elements and always begin with a light bar; the digits
on the right have an even number of dark elements and always begin with a dark bar.
This arrangement allows a barcode to be scanned in any direction.
9
5) QR [Quick Response] code reader:
Another type of barcode is the QUICK RESPONSE (QR)

CODE. This is made up of a matrix of filled-in dark squares on a light background. For
example, let’s suppose a QR code contains the message: ‘computer science textbook-
CIE syllabuses. To make a comparison, normal barcodes can hold up to 30 digits; QR
codes can hold over 7000 digits. This obviously gives greater scope for the storage of
information.
Because of modern smart phones, which allow internet access on the move, QR codes
can be easily scanned anywhere. This allows advertising of products on trains, buses,
shopping malls and many other places. By using the built-in camera facility on modern
phones and downloading the appropriate application, it is possible to read the QR
codes. The code may contain a website link or some form of advertising.
For example, the QR code on newspaper contains a phone number and an

advertisement for free pizzas today. On scanning the QR code, the phone number and
advertisement will appear on the screen.
6) Cameras:
A camera is an optical instrument for recording or capturing images, which may be
stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both. The images may be individual
still photographs or sequences of images constituting videos or movies. The camera is
a remote sensing device as it senses subjects without any contact. The
word camera comes from camera obscure, which means "dark chamber" and is the
Latin name of the original device for projecting an image of external reality onto a
flat surface.
Types of Camera:
10
DIGITAL CAMERA:
Digital cameras are wonderful tools. They capture a moment and save time by
recording footage that doesn't need to be processed. Images are easily transferred
from the camera to the computer or another storage device. Imaging software used
with digital photos can also introduce a variety of special effects. A downside is that
memory space can be easily used up. These cameras are controlled by
microprocessors which can automatically carry out the following tasks.
 Adjust the shutter speed

 Focus the image automatically
 Operate the flash automatically
 Adjust the aperture size
 Adjusting size of image
 Remove red-eye when flash has being used
And so on.
Digital Single Lens Reflect Camera:
A digital single-lens reflex camera (also called digital SLR or DSLR) is a digital
camera that combines the optics and the mechanisms of a single-lens reflex
camera with a digital imaging sensor, as opposed to photographic film. The reflex
design scheme is the primary difference between a DSLR and other digital cameras. In
the reflex design, light travels through the lens, then to a mirror that alternates to
send the image to either the viewfinder or the image sensor. The traditional
11
alternative would be to have a viewfinder with its own lens, hence the term "single
lens" for this design.
7) MICROPHONES
A microphone, colloquially nicknamed mic or mike (/mike/),[1] is a transducer that

converts sound into an electrical signal.
Microphones are used in many applications such as telephones, hearing aids, public
address systems for concert halls and public events, motion picture production, live
and recorded audio engineering, sound recording, two-way radios, megaphones, radio
and television broadcasting, and in computers for recording voice, speech
recognition, VoIP, and for non-acoustic purposes such as ultrasonic sensors or knock
sensors.
Several different types of microphone are in use, which employ different methods to
convert the air pressure variations of a sound wave to an electrical signal.
First a word on patterns
There are 4 main types of microphones: cardioid, super cardioid, omni and figure 8.
These names describe where and how much the mic will pick up.
12
Cardioids: Imagine a Japanese fan coming from the tip of the mic. That’s the pattern
it will hear sound from.
Super Cardioid means the fan is not fully unfurled – a tighter pickup area.
Omni means all around, from everywhere – think a globe around the mic as it’s pick
up range.
And finally, . Put the mic in the center of the 8 and it’s a visual to the pattern it will
pick up – not much if anything from the side and everything in front and in back. Very
useful in rejecting sound you don’t want coming in from the side.
There are three different categories for mics: Dynamic, Condenser and Ribbon.
Dynamic mics:
Dynamic mics are what you usually see a singer singing into during a show. They are
the hammer and screwdriver in your tool chest. They can be used on absolutely
everything, but there are some parameters. Usually dynamic mics are best when used
close to the source – not too distant for the sound. They can generally take a beating
both in sound level and if you happen to need something to pound a nail in on stage.
They are awesome and beloved. Snare drum to Marshal stack to Adele’s live vocals.
Dynamic mics are not very good with the more subtle stuff or with something that
needs more “air”, room or ambience. They generally have a cardioid pattern to what
they “hear”.
Condenser mics:
Condenser mics come in all forms from pencil to big diaphragm. They need phantom
power to work (48V). Usually there’s a button on a console or audio interface to
power them – if not, you’ll need a phantom power box which you’ll plug the mic into
and then from the box to your audio interface/mic pre/consol/whatever.
Condenser mics come in patterns of super cardioid, cardioid, omni and figure 8, and
some do all patterns or some of the above in one mic.
Condenser mics are built to pick up detail – usually fantastic, but sometimes it can be
a frustratingly truthful thing - the mirror can hurt! But they are precision tools. Most
recordings have mostly these types of mics on them. Vocals, acoustic guitar, strings,
piano, drum overheads, hat, kick drum, snare drum, room mics, guitar cabs, bass rig
and on and on.
Size matters. Diaphragm size, that is. (Oh, you can tell yourself it doesn’t but it
does.) Pencil condensers (named for their thin, tubular shape) have smaller
13
diaphragms and are great on acoustic instruments. Large diaphragms are amazing on
vocals, rooms, bass and even guitar cabs.
The typical “in studio” vocalist, pretending to sing to her newest track, adds to the
fantasy by using the real large diaphragm condenser hanging there full of unrealized
promise. Condenser = da bomb.
But, as for the choices between them, think top of the line Buick to Bentley. There
are some really great and inexpensive mics in this category and then there are some
classics that will make you understand the price of coming to the dance.
Ribbon mics:
Ribbon mics have been around forever. Old news reels have a large mic in front of the
road-hardened newsman, along with pic of our greatest singers from the 30’s, 40’s
and 50’s singing into a ribbon mic.
They are all figure 8 in pattern. In recent years ribbon mics have come back into favor
like Travolta after Pulp Fiction but more so. The new generation isn’t noisy and
doesn’t take a bunch of gain to get them to a recordable level.
They are also amazing on guitar cabs, rooms and drum overheads. The modern idea to
these mics is to make the top end sweet and musical, and the low end rich and
usable. (Like that isn’t ever a worthy thing.)
8) Sensors:
A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical
environment. The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or
any one of a great number of other environmental phenomena. The output is
14
generally a signal that is converted to human-readable display at the sensor location

or transmitted electronically over a network for reading or further processing.
Few examples of the many different types of sensors:
In a MERCURY-BASED GLASS THERMOMETER, the input is temperature. The liquid

contained expands and contracts in response, causing the level to be higher or lower
on the marked gauge, which is human-readable.
An OXYGEN SENSOR in a car's emission control system detects the gasoline/oxygen

ratio, usually through a chemical reaction that generates a voltage. A computer in the
engine reads the voltage and, if the mixture is not optimal, readjusts the balance.
MOTION SENSORS in various systems including home security lights, automatic doors
and bathroom fixtures typically send out some type of energy, such
as microwaves, ultrasonic waves or light beams and detect when the flow of energy is
interrupted by something entering its path.
A PHOTO SENSOR detects the presence of visible light, infrared transmission (IR),
and/or ultraviolet (UV) energy
9) Touch Screens:
15
Touch screen is a device embedded into the screen of the LCD monitor screen. It
use with an interaction between the screen by physically touch of finger. It very
sensitized to detect touch on the screen. Generally used in ATMs, information, kiosks,
reservation kiosks, voting machines, Smartphone, tables, laptops, and e-books.
Advantages Drawbacks
o Switch and buttons are not o Since a display is directly touched,

physically required. Device makers the display may get dirty, then
can make and modify various input become less-visible. A direct touch
interfaces creatively by software. may also cause scratches on the
o With multi-touch function, various screen that may cause malfunction
operations/inputs (eg: zoom- in some cases.
in/zoom-out, rotation) are o Unlike push-button and mouse,
possible. users will not feel "click" when a
o Because a user operates an user input a touch screen, thus
electronic device by directly operation may become clumsy
touching the images on the display sometimes. However, there are
he is seeing, the operation will be certain touch screens that provide
intuitive, thus anyone can operate "click feeling" when touched.
it from first use. o Touch screen is difficult to be
o The whole unit is space-saving operated for the visually impaired.
because display and input space Some creative ways to let them
are integrated. There is a lot of know where to touch are needed.
flexibility in design. Sound navigation and/or physical
o Unlike keyboard or physical buttons might be helpful in
switch, there will be no dirt, dust, combination with touch screen.
and moisture getting into the
spaces between buttons. Thus, it
is easy for maintenance.
16
10) Interactive White Boards:

the elements on the board by using his finger as a mouse, directly on the screen.
Items can be dragged, clicked and copied and the lecturer can handwrite notes,
which can be transformed into text and saved.

17

• Add annotations
• Highlight text

the elements on the board by using his finger as a mouse, directly on the screen. Items
can be dragged, clicked and copied and the lecturer can handwrite notes, which can
be transformed into text and saved.


• Add annotations
• Highlight text
18
• Demonstrate the content available on a website in a teacher-directed activity
APPLICATIONS OF INPUT DEVICES:
3. Keyboard:
Keyboards are language specific. While most keyboards around the world will
also contain regular English characters, they may contain separate keys for
commonly used characters in their local language that are not used in English,
such as the accented letters in French. In addition, languages like Japanese
that use a totally different set of characters need unique keys for those
characters. Users can then switch between their own language and English
characters.
4. Pointing devices:
a) Mouse: A computer mouse (plural: mice) is an input device that is most
often used with a personal computer. Moving a mouse along a flat surface can
move the on-screen cursor to different items on the screen. Items can be
moved or selected by pressing the mouse buttons (called clicking).
b) Track ball: It widely use in design and manufacturing industries. A trackball is a
computer cursor control device used in many notebook and laptop computers.
The trackball is usually located in front of the keyboard toward the user. Essentially,
the trackball is an upside-down mouse that rotates in place within a socket.
c) Touch pad: Originally incorporated in laptop computers, touch pads are

also being made for use with desktop computers. A touch pad works by sensing
the user's finger movement and downward pressure.
d) Joystick: Joysticks are often used to control video games, and usually
have one or more push-buttons whose state can also be read by the computer.
A popular variation of the joystick used on modern video game consoles is the
analog stick.
19
e) Light pen: It allows the user to point to displayed objects or draw on the
screen in a similar way to a touch screen but with greater positional accuracy.
f) Digital Pens: Digital pens aren't all the same. There are three quite
different kinds and they do three quite different jobs:
4. Some are like thin, handheld scanners. They're designed to

turn printed text into editable text on your computer using OCR (optical
character recognition). IRISPen is a popular example.
5. Some are designed to "import" ordinary handwriting into a computer as
editable text. Pens like this come with a PC software package that
imports the data the pen has stored and decodes it, turning your
scribbled handwriting into editable text as good as you could have typed
from the keyboard.
6. Some work by reading or tracking complex printed patterns from the
paper and are mainly used for filling in order forms (though they can
also do things like handwriting recognition).
4) Scanners: Scanners are useful devices that are easy to use and powerful.
Common uses of scanners include:
 Converting photographic materials into high-resolution image files, for

example, old B&W photographs, magazine pages and student cards.
 Converting hand drawn pictures into an electronic format, for example, line
drawings, art, logos, signatures and diagrams.
 Capturing text using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software, for

example, type written pages and pages from a book.
APPLICATION OF 2D SCANNERS AT AN AIRPORT:

Scanners are used at airports to read passports. They make use of OCR technology to
produce digital image which represents the passports pages. Because of OCR
technology, these digital images can be manipulated in a number of ways for
example, the OCR software is able to review these images, select the text part, then
automatically put the text into the correct fields of an existing database. It is possible
for the text to be stored in ASCII format.
In many airports the 2D photograph in the passport is also scanned and stored as jpeg
image. The passenger’s face is also photographed using a digital camera (a 2D image
20
is taken so it can be matched to the image taken from the passport). The two digital
images are compared using face recognition/detection software. Key parts of the face
are compared.
APPLICATION OF 3D SCANNING – COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC (CT)

SCANNERS:
CT scanners are used to create a 3D image of object. This is based on TOMOGRAPHY
technology which basically builds up the image of the solid object through a series of
very thin ‘slices’. Together these slices make up a representation of the 3D solid
object.
Each slice is built up by the use of X-rays, radio frequencies or gamma rays although a
number of other methods exist. Each ‘slice’ is then stored as a digital image in the
computer memory. The whole of the solid object is represented in the computer
memory.
Depending on how the image is formed. The types of tomographic scanners have
different names. For example:
 X-rays CT scanners (computerised tomography)

 Radio frequencies MRI (magnetic resonance imaging )
 Gamma rays SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography)
5) Barcode readers/scanners: the QR code on newspaper contains a phone

number and an advertisement for free pizzas today. On scanning the QR code, the
phone number and advertisement will appear on the screen.
6) QR code reader: QR is short for Quick Response (they can be read quickly by
a cell phone). They are used to take a piece of information from a transitory media
and put it in to your cell phone. You may soon see QR Codes in a magazine advert, on
a billboard, a web page or even on someone’s t-shirt. Once it is in your cell phone, it
may give you details about that business (allowing users to search for nearby
locations), or details about the person wearing the t-shirt, show you a URL which you
can click to see a trailer for a movie, or it may give you a coupon which you can use
in a local outlet.
21
7) Camera: A digital camera records and stores photographic images in digital

form. Many current models are also able to capture sound or video, in addition to still
images. Capture is usually accomplished by use of a photo sensor, using a charged
coupled device (CCD).
8) Microphones: Transmitting your voice over a digital network to the other

person on the phone.
 Capturing sound in audio and video recordings.
 Taking voice as an input in dictation, voice commands, voice assistants,
music recognition apps.
9) Sensors: Speed Sensor, temperature sensor, movement sensors in door e.g, sliding
doors, temperature sensors, ultrasonic sensors.
10) Touch Screen: A touch screen is a display that can recognize a touch to its
surface area, either with a finger or a stylus. Touch screens are commonly used on
cell phones, PDAs, ATM machines, video games and even supermarket terminals.
11) Interactive Whiteboards: Anything that can be done on a computer
monitor can be replicated on the interactive white board. A teacher can create
engaging lessons that focus on one task such as a matching activity where students
use either their fingers or a pen to match items. Another teacher might integrate
multiple items into a lesson plan such as websites, photos, and music that students
can interact with, respond to verbally or even write comments on the board itself.
Image size and placement can change with a simple touch to the screen. This
technology makes the one-computer classroom a workable instructional model.
Imagine taking a class on a photo safari to Africa complete with embedded videos,
animal sounds and mapping software
22
Conclusion
Input devices are the most important components to a computer. Without
input devices, people would have no way of communicating with computers.
Without input devices, this Document and presentation would not exist.
Without input devices, nobody would be able to compile a list of input devices.
Without input devices, you wouldn't be reading this article and your whole life
would be a waste. We should study input devices to learn why we should
appreciate them so much. We should use input devices to scroll down this
page.
The input devices hold the most essential need of using technologies.
23

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02 October,2018

Maira Kashif : Memoona Afzal : Zarlish

Maira Kashif : Memoona Afzal : Zarlish

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES

o Advantages: Ideal for use with desktop computers. Usually supplied

A trackball is a pointing input device. It consists of a ball held by a socket containing

Advantages of a Trackball Mouse

Disadvantages of a Trackball Mouse

c) Touchpad: Touchpad are slightly same as touch

Advantages of touchpad Disadvantages of touchpad

Useful for laptops when using a

The pad's position is fixed Gloves cannot be worn i.e. in a

Very short finger movements Moist, sweaty or calloused

A light-sensitive pen like device that uses a wired connection to a computer

ADVANTAGE: of using a light pen

The numbers of stages occur when scanning a document:

➨It is very fast interface. ➨Movement indirect in plane different

➨It is easier to navigate. from the screen.

A barcode is a series of dark and light

5) QR [Quick Response] code reader:

Another type of barcode is the QUICK RESPONSE (QR)

Digital Single Lens Reflect Camera:

A microphone, colloquially nicknamed mic or mike (/maɪk/),[1] is a transducer

First a word on patterns

Few examples of the many different types of sensors:

In a MERCURY-BASED GLASS THERMOMETER, the input is temperature. The liquid

An OXYGEN SENSOR in a car's emission control system detects the gasoline/oxygen

o Switch and buttons are not o Since a display is directly touched,

10) Interactive White Boards:

An interactive whiteboard can be a cost saver as this technology demonstrates how

Examples of the features available when using an interactive whiteboard:

An interactive whiteboard is an instructional tool that allows computer images to be

An interactive whiteboard can be a cost saver as this technology demonstrates how

Examples of the features available when using an interactive whiteboard:

APPLICATIONS OF INPUT DEVICES:

 Capturing text using Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software, for

APPLICATION OF 2D SCANNERS AT AN AIRPORT:

APPLICATION OF 3D SCANNING – COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC (CT)

 X-rays CT scanners (computerised tomography)

6) QR code reader: QR is short for Quick Response (they can be read

EXAMPLES OF INPUT DEVICES

An alphanumeric keyboard on a graphics system is used primarily as device for

o Advantages: Ideal for use with desktop computers. Usually supplied

A trackball is a pointing input device. It consists of a ball held by a socket containing

Advantages of a Trackball Mouse

Disadvantages of a Trackball Mouse

c) Touchpad: Touchpad are slightly same as touch

Advantages of touchpad Disadvantages of touchpad

Useful for laptops when using a

The pad's position is fixed Gloves cannot be worn i.e. in a

Very short finger movements Moist, sweaty or calloused

A light-sensitive pen like device that uses a wired connection to a computer

ADVANTAGE: of using a light pen

The numbers of stages occur when scanning a document:

Computers equipped with OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION (OCR) software allow

➨It is very fast interface. ➨Movement indirect in plane different

➨It is easier to navigate. from the screen.

4) Barcode reader/ Scanners:

A barcode is a series of dark and light

5) QR [Quick Response] code reader:

Another type of barcode is the QUICK RESPONSE (QR)

For example, the QR code on newspaper contains a phone number and an

 Adjust the shutter speed