"Technika opomiarowania gazu dziś i

jutro" ROGÓW k/Łodzi

20 września 2013 r.

Coriolis Mass Flow Meters Enhancing

Natural Gas Measurement
Sonal Gilani
Business Development Manager

Emerson Process Management

Agenda
• Discovery & theory of operation in brief
• Natural Gas Measurement in mass Units 10 times
more accurate than volumetric
• Reduced Operating Costs with simple, compact
installation and almost no maintenance
• Validity of Water Calibration for Gas Measurement
with Test Results
• Return on Investment and Bottom Line Benefits by
installing Coriolis for Natural Gas
Discovery of Coriolis Flow Meter
Gustave Gaspard Coriolis
1792-1843
Engineer and mathematician.

Ac = 2 . ω . V

As a particle inside a rotating body moves toward or away from the center of rotation,
the particle generates inertial forces that act on the body
Micro Motion invented the first
practical Coriolis flow meter in 1977

Can affect the outcome!

Original Micro Motion Manufacturing

Theory of Operation of Coriolis Mass
Flow Meters
Manifold
Left Pickoff

Drive Coil

Inlet Outlet
Right Pickoff

During a no flow condition, there is no
Coriolis effect and the sine waves,
induced by the Pickoffs, are in phase
with each other
ṁ = FCF x T
The time difference between the sine waves
(T) is directly proportional to the mass
flow rate
Coriolis Measurement Standards
for the Natural Gas Industry
Coriolis Gas Industry and International Standards
 AGA11 & API 14.9
 ASME MFC-11-2006
 AGA6
 ISO 10790
 OMIL R137
Ideal Gas Laws
Boyle’s Law Gay-Lussac’s Law

PxV = constant V = constant

T

PxV
= constant
T
Graphic source: Nasa
Ideal and Non Ideal Gases
PxV
= n xR
T
A real gas is highly compressible T1

PV = nRTZ

P = pressure
V = volume “Standard” conditions “Actual” conditions
n = moles of gas
R = ideal gas law constant
T = temperature of the gas P2 T2
P1 T1
Z = compressibility

V1 V2
Energy Measurement with Mass Flow
• Volumetric meters measure
“Normal Cubic meters” where
the variation in natural gas
composition has a large and
dramatic impact on the energy
content (kJ/Nm3)
• Mass measurement 10 times
more accurate if average
energy value is used

Composition 1 Composition 2 Variation in heating value

kJ/kg 53855 52843 1.2%
kJ / Nm3 44765 40335 9.8%
Eliminate Installation Complexity
• No flow conditioning or special piping
requirements Asymmetrical Profile

• High immunity to errors and damage

due to flow surges, pulsations, and Swirl
flow turbulence/ noise Actual velocity

• No Straight Pipe Runs

Pulsating Flow
Reduce Operating Costs

• No moving parts = No maintenance

• Coriolis meter calibrated on water and used in

gas service without field calibration or validation
• Extensive third party test results available from labs
like SwRI, Pigsar, Euroloop, CEESI, and others
validate transferability
• NMi type certification for water to gas calibration
transferability on Micro Motion Elite meters up to 10
inch equivalent flow diameter now exists
Water-to-Gas Calibration
Transferability Testing GRI – 04/0172
CEESI: “Water calibration data on a Coriolis meter can be transferred to
natural gas applications without loss of accuracy”
 2” Coriolis meter testing
 Coriolis meters calibrated on water at
manufacturer
 CEESI Water, Gas, and Air performance
testing
NMi Declaration of Water-to-Gas Calibration
Transferability for Micro Motion Coriolis
Testing
 Included ½ to 4 inch Coriolis meters
 Conducted on following mediums
 Natural gas
 Nitrogen
 Ethylene

Results
 Coriolis meters calibrated on water at
manufacturer may be applied to the
following applications
 Every gaseous medium with a
minimum density of 4 kg/m3
 Super critical ethylene with a
density up to 450 kg/m3
NMi Euroloop Test for CMFHC3 and
CMFHC4
CMFHC3 Gas Test Results
5050 bar-a
bar-a NGNG 3535 bar-aNG
bar-a NG 1 bar-a
WaterH2O
WeightedMean
Weighted MeanError
Error 0.25%
0.25% 0.12%
0.12% -0.04%
-0.04%
CMFHC4 Gas Test Results
60 bar-a NG 35 bar-a NG 1 bar-a H2O
Weighted Mean Error 0.21% -0.02% 0.04%
Test Conclusions
• Conforms with class 1
requirements of OIML R137-
1&2:2012 for performed tests
• Approved for use as custody
transfer meters meeting Class
1 accuracy under the
requirements of Directive
2004/22/EC without requiring a
field calibration or gas
calibration
• Covers ELITE design
• 0.25 to 10 Inch equivalent flow
diameter meters
Procedure for Initial Verification
used by NMi and PTB
Conditions for Conformity Assessment
 AGA11 Second Edition
Periodic Flow Performance Testing
Should flow performance testing be required several options
exist…
1) Remove from service and send to the manufacturer or
third party lab.
2) In-situ flow test as outlined in this section or in
accordance with AGA6, Field Proving of Gas Meters
Using Transfer Methods
3) Remove from service for flow test with a portable weigh
scale system or certified meter using an alternate fluid.
When a Meter Under Test (MUT) is tested against a field reference, the
MUT should not be adjusted if the performance is found to be within the
uncertainty of the field reference
AGA Report Number 6
Field Proving of Gas Meters Using Transfer Methods

 Published March 2013

 Flow References
Recognized for Transfer
Proving
 Coriolis
 Critical Flow Venturi
Nozzle (CFVN)
 Turbine
 Ultrasonic
AGA11 Second Edition
Typical In-situ AGA6 Flow Test Set-up
Some regulatory agencies and/or contracts specify a recalibration
interval or meter diagnostics may be used to assess the condition of
the meter and determine if recalibration is necessary. A flow
performance test does not mandate adjustment. Performance
adjustment or recalibration of the Meter Under Test (MUT) should not
be performed if the MUT’s performance is within the uncertainty of
the reference and meter specifications.
PIT TIT PIT TIT

CORIOLIS REFERENCE
METER METER
Custody Transfer – MID
 EU harmonization & standardization around the transfer of
ownerships of liquids and gases and the method of tax paying
around it:
– 1 European union, 1 set of rules for custody transfer – 27 EU countries + CH,
NO & TR
– Introduction– transfer time – Obligation by October 31, 2016
– Local regulations may continue to apply to pay taxes over fuels and liquors.
 Liquids (other than water) and Gases
Gas Meter
 EC Type Examination Certificate “T10020” for
sensor and for electronics
 Size : 0.25” up till 6”
 Flowrates: 3 to 250000 kg/h
 Approved units: mass
 Accuracy: 0.35%
 Gas range 4 to 450 kg/m3
 Gas temp.: -40 to +150 ˚C
Larger Line Size Coriolis Meters
USM vs. Coriolis
Pressure Drop Comparison

Coriolis CMF400 CMFHC2 CMFHC3 CMFHC4

Typical 4 - 8” 6 -10” 8 -12” 10 -16”
Line Size (DN100-DN200) (DN150-DN250) (DN200-DN300) (DN250-DN400)

Flow @ 0.4bar 76 000 Nm3/h 140 000 Nm3/h 245 000 Nm3/h 385 000 Nm3/h
Flow @ 1bar 120 000 Nm3/h 223 000 Nm3/h 394 000 Nm3/h 596 000 Nm3/h

Ultrasonic Meter Comparison (Max Flow = 30 m/sec & 0.4 bar pressure drop w/ CPA50E conditioner)

4”
4” == 54
47 000
MMSCFD
Nm3/h 6”
6”==125
106000
MMSCFD
Nm3/h 8”
8” == 224
189 000 Nm3/h 10”
MMSCFD 10” == 350
295 000
MMSCFD
Nm3/h
Max Flow 8” = 225 000 Nm3/h 10” = 350 000 Nm3/h 12” = 500 000 Nm3/h 16” = 875 000 Nm3/h

USM vs. Coriolis Flow Capacity Comparison

performed w/Gulf Coast @ 55 bar and 15.55 oC
Gas Flowing Density = 43.5 kg/m3
Return on Investment for Customer
Pipeline Transfer: 10,000 Mn kWh of Natural Gas
XYZ Pipeline Transfer of Natural Gas
Amount of Natural Gas transferred per 10,000 Mn kWh (83,000
year Nm3)
Price of Natural Gas zł 120 1000 kWh
Real-time Accuracy of the natural gas flow 1.0%
meter
Real-time Accuracy of the Coriolis meter 0.5%
for natural gas
Gain per year due to flow meter upgrade 10,000 x 120 x 1000 = zł6,000,000
x (1.0 – 0.5)/100

Note: Above example is an assumed data set

Key Take Away
• Fair Transaction: Direct Mass flow measurement
leads to accurate BTU or kWh measurement
• Lower total cost of ownership
1. Simple and compact installation. No flow conditioners/
straightener required, no straight pipe runs
2. No moving parts = No maintenance
3. Coriolis meter calibrated on water and used in gas
service. No additional field validation or verification
necessary
• Ready for the MID custody transfer regulations
mandatory 2016 onwards