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Annotated Bibliography

How Does the Use of Interactive Media Impact Child Development?

Carolyn Daly

Professor Malcolm Cambell

UWRT 1103

October 13, 2019

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Annotated Bibliography

Barr, Rachel, Elisabeth McClure, and Rebecca Parlakian. “Screen Sense: What the Research

Says About the Impact of Media on Children Aged 0-3 Years Old.” ​Zero to Three​, 25

Oct. 2018, Type of source

https://www.zerotothree.org/resources/2536-screen-sense-what-the-research-says-about-t

he-impact-of-media-on-children-aged-0-3-years-old#downloads. Accessed 13 Oct. 2019.

This pdf discusses the known effects of media on the learning and development of

children aged zero to three. It also provides ways to enhance media use so that it can best

benefit the child. Lead author, Dr. Rachel Barr, director of the Georgetown Early

Learning Project, says it is important to create a healthy media environment for children

and in order to do this you must take into consideration the “3 C’s”; Child, Context, and

Content. Think about a child's characteristics, for example, their age and stage of

development. This can impact the type of media they use. The context of media use must

also be considered. A term the authors introduce is technoference, how media can disrupt

interactions. Media can distract and overwhelm children if it is too challenging and they

cannot comprehend it. The content must be engaging, promote active involvement of

parent and child, be meaningful, and create a socially interactive experience in order to

best benefit the child. Each part is essential for creating the best media experience for

young children. This pdf was published by the Zero to Three organization. Their mission

is to ensure that all babies and toddlers have a strong start to life. They accomplish this by

providing parents and professionals with the knowledge and tools needed to raise young

children. The authors of this pdf include Rachel Barr, Elisabeth Mclure, and Rebecca
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Parlekian. The lead author of this source, Rachel Barr, PhD, trained as a developmental

and clinical psychologist and is currently a professor at Georgetown University. Do I

need to mention other authors? The information of this pdf is objectively presented, the

authors are open to media use but want to make known how it can impact children. The

information provided is backed by extensive research and studies making this a reliable

source. This source was most recently updated October of 2018. The purpose of this

article is to inform parents, caregivers, and early childhood professionals about the effects

media devices have on children and suggest ways media can be used to benefit them.

This source provides me with examples on how media can be used for the benefit of

children and their families.

Lauricella, Alexis R., et al. “Young Children’s Screen Time: The Complex Role of Parent and

Child Factors.” ​Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology,​ vol. 36, Elsevier Inc, Jan.

2015, pp.11-17, doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2014.12.001. Accessed 15 Oct. 2019.

This academic journal studies the relationship of parental media use and child age to

determine predictors of child media use. The authors begin by providing the reader with

some background knowledge about parent child relationships and data from previous

studies. They inform that children are greatly influenced by their parents and siblings,

therefore, parents set the tone for home media environment. Urie Bronfrenbrenner’s

Ecological Theory is used to support this claim. This theory is based on the premise that

development is greatly influenced by forces outside the child. Three hypotheses are

created from the background information provided. First, the amount of time parents

spend on media devices is positively associated with the amount of time children spend
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on media. Second, parents attitude toward technology is positively associated with child a

screen time for that specific device. Lastly, on all devices child screen time differs with

age, with older children having a higher screen time across all devices. This study focuses

on four media platforms: television, computers, smartphones, and tablets. 2,326 parents

of children aged zero to eight were sampled, their demographics range dramatically. The

results concluded that parent media use has a strong correlation with child use of all four

types of devices and parent attitudes are key contributors to child screen time. This

academic journal was published by Elsevier Inc, a business that has been publishing

academic books and journals since 1880. Their goal is to lead the way in advancing

science, technology, and health by empowering readers with knowledge. Author Alexis

R. Lauricella is an Assistant Professor and the Director of Technology in Early

Childhood Center at Erikson's Institution. Her research is frequently published in journals

and books. The information is presented objectively, the authors strictly recorded the data

of their findings. The purpose of this source is to discover predictors of child media use

in order to inform parents and professionals. This source is reliable and beneficial to my

research because it has provided me with statistics and data that supports my argument

and given me insight to the complex factors that impact child media use.
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Carolyn, you did a great job summarizing the contents of both of these sources. Aside from

minor spelling and grammar issues, I think you could improve these annotations by

introducing all the authors, thereby boosting the credibility of your first source. Another

addition I suggest is getting into more detail about the research methods used in your

second source. A quote or two from the first source might be helpful to include as well. A

strength in your annotations was that you explicitly stated both audience and purpose for

both in one concise sentence. I think there are a couple citation mistakes to address but

other than that formatting looks right to me. —Mary

Carolyn, overall you a good job with summarizing both sources and evaluating them. Like

Mary said, I also do suggest you mentioning all the authors to boost the credibility level of

the source. In addition, I’m not sure if this is correct but based on the examples of

annotated bibliographies provided in class, I would have your first sentence of your first

source separate from your url. Aside from that, I really liked how you evaluated the source

and good job with all the street creds! —Jessica