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to Litigation
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MEMORANDUM
MEMORANDUM
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and other personal documents). Likewise, we should take steps
to ensure that the appropriate authorities secure her office files
(including the supposedly purged hard drive, from which data
recovery experts still maybe able to obtain useful information).
To accomplish this before filing suit and obtaining formal dis
Tort and Custody Claims
covery, we may have to work with law-enforcement officials or
(continuedfrom page 27)
seek interim court orders. We also should consider interviewing
potential witnesses before filing any litigation. (Local rules will chagrin and embarrassment, Diane and Tracy w
determine the extent to which counsel may communicate with limited number of homosexual couples who s
potential witnesses informally.) From a practical perspective, taining a marriage license during the small wi
we likely will adapt our approach in light of the government's when same-sex marriages were permitted in Calif
investigation. Further, our inquiries indicated that after hi
Or course, we will need to design and implement fee and ex Michelle, Bentz not only failed to pay any child s
pense arrangements—for both counsel and investigators—that and Diana's two children but also had not even both
Tracy can afford. The family-law and estate matters will likely them—not once. Bentz had evidenced little, if any
(though not necessarily) involve non-contingent fee arrange children. He did not write them; he did not call t
ments. By contrast, suits involving the whistleblower or wrong reason, his "new" interest in nullifying the Tr
ful death claims are candidates for contingent fee arrangements, riage and in obtaining custody of his children see
which may be the best alternative for Tracy and the only one she dictive or intended somehow to implement a stra
can afford. Nevertheless, such claims may warrant some addi ing for himself "the monetary rewards" (to use B
tional, non-contingent fee or expense components in view of the that he thought Diana's estate may be able to reco
litigation risks involved. ing claims against GyneTech or Toyota.
In the final analysis, we want to be sure that any claims as Apparently, it was Bentz's view that if the Trac
serted on Tracy's behalf are well founded in law and in fact, and riage were nullified, he might be able to gain cus
that Tracy fully understands the need for satisfying that re dren and, in turn, might be able to prosecute any a
quirement. We also want Tracy to feel confident that our advice dren's claims based on the death of their mother. W
seeks to advance her best interests in light of a diligent investi claims? It was unclear from the information we ha
gation of the facts and a practical assessment of both the risks we later learned that the mechanic who worked in
and the benefits of litigation. Bentz's shop had suggested to Bentz that he try t
Ir our efforts are effective, then by the time our initial con wrongful-death action against the manufacturer o
sultations are concluded, Tracy will have developed a higher en the apparent brake defect or stuck accelerator tha
degree of comfort and a greater sense of control over her life. to Diana's death, or that he try to stand in Diana's s
She will know what she has to do first and foremost: fight back a whistleblower action against GyneTech.
to protect her marriage, thereby preserving the family she had In sum, before Bentz crossed the threshold, our
with Diana, establishing her marital rights to Diana's estate, and me with little interest in representing him.
laying the groundwork for possible whistleblower and wrongful I should add that much of the information we learned about
death suits on Diana's behalf. At the same time, we can begin the Bentz resulted from inquiries made by one of our private detec
necessary factual investigation to support such suits without tives—all discreet inquiries, including Google searches. We rec
thrusting Tracy immediately and prematurely into full-blown ognized that most of this information was rank hearsay, often
litigation. We want to support Tracy as her advocate and as her second-party hearsay. It was sufficient, however, to inform us
adviser, ensuring that she will embark on a plan that will serve that Bentz was not someone with an unusual or exceptional pro
all her needs—legal, financial, and emotional. ■ file. And there was nothing about Bentz that suggested he would
be a particularly interesting client.
Neil V. Getnick is with Getnick St Getnick LLP, New York City. Before we met Bentz, we also obtained information about Bentz
from Bentz himself. Like every client we are asked to represent,
Bentz prepared an "attorney-client narrative" before our meeting,
rhis narrative enables us, in just a few minutes, to gain a head start
on the matters likely to be discussed during a meeting lasting sev
eral hours. Bentz's narrative was properly labeled "privileged," but
it was peppered with misspellings and vulgarities, and smeared
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with oil stains. Despite all its flaws, it furnished us with a decent their lawyers were so interested in handling the c
portrait of Bentz before we met the man himself. tially remunerative cases that the lawyers never told
Bentz's narrative included his autobiographical description that they had never handled a case of that nature. The
of himself and his statement of the objectives he sought to ac decisions in malpractice cases in which lawyers em
complish in his contemplated litigation. We had instructed their introductory presentation by boasting, untruthf
Bentz to communicate to us not only those facts that he believed past successes in dealing with cases "just like this one
could be used favorably but also those facts that were not attrac just as large as the other library. Not many lawyers
tive—his "warts." Bentz needed to understand that if we chose formation about themselves that prospective clients
to represent him, he would, on some level, be our "partner."
disqualifying. Attorneys must be as candid with thei
Bentz would need to be a trustworthy and candid partner; if they
he expect their clients to be with them. The level of
were not, we would end the representation without delay. be complete in both directions.
In addition to obtaining information about Bentz from him Thus, although the focus of my first meeting with
cerned Bentz—his objectives, his circumstances, an
self and others, I wanted to know why and by whom Bentz had
been referred to our firm. We had never prosecuted or defended
standing of the litigation process—a portion of this
an action seeking child custody. I had never sought to void a
cerned us. We discussed the types of cases we had han
marriage, whether homosexual or otherwise. Family law is not
types of cases we were not interested in handling, the
our area of expertise. Had Bentz made any inquiry at all, which
he we approach all cases, and our expectations of ev
would have learned this fact and presumably would have looked Discussing our firm's practice and approach was par
important in Bentz's case; if we filed and prosecuted t
48 LITIGATION
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control over Diana's estate. But as the only living parent, and An attorney asked to file any civil lawsuit probes t
perhaps the sole custodian/guardian of his and Diana's children, jects: the prospective defendant's legal responsibility
Bentz might gain that legal interest and control. injuries suffered; the damages resulting from the de
This turned out to be one of Bentz's objectives. And so, we breach of responsibilities; and, assuming a successful
needed to know the size and the composition of Diana's estate. tion of the case, the likelihood that a judgment in fav
Based on Bentz's knowledge and the limited information we plaintiff can be recovered—in other words, whether
learned from others, Diana's estate appeared to consist only of dant is solvent and has assets on which a judgment ca
her prospects of recovering damages in a wrongful death or cuted. Our most vigorous and creative work on Bentz
whistleblower's lawsuit. There was no indication that Diana's would come to naught if the only defendant were a b
estate had any significant assets other than those prospective
assets, although we need to investigate this further.
As we talked, it became clear that Bentz, whose mechanical
specialty serendipitously was the repair of accelerator systems,
believed that Diana likely did have a meritorious wrongful
death action. Bentz had followed the news reports concerning
Toyota's travail with respect to its "stuck accelerator." Bentz
surmised that Diana's death might have been caused by this
type of malfunction.
But Bentz needed to understand that "meritorious" and
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IV. Bentz's Circumstances justified if he succeeded in obtaining custody of b
We spent considerable time discussing what Bentz doesthan
rather for aone? Hence, Bentz would be obligated
anhis
living; what he has done in the past; what Michelle, hourly basis.
current
wife, does; and what she has done in the past. I need to under
By the end of our meeting, Bentz seemed comf
all theclient.
stand the values and the intelligence of any prospective issuesI we discussed, and he signed our eng
also need to understand the spouse—in this case, which recited all the terms I had explained or
Michelle.
Although not our client, Michelle almost certainlyBentz
would has
be annot been involved in other litigation
important participant and, perhaps, an importantmind him,
witness from time to time, of the terms of our
in as
sisting, or hindering, Bentz's custody claim. Any and ask decid
tribunal whether his initial objectives have change
ate, if
ing the issue of custody would more likely favor Bentz wehisalso
"sig should advise him when we believe
tives
nificant other" were also a "special other"—someone whoshould
could change.
A lawsuit,
act as a surrogate for the mother who had been killed and, on once filed, is not forever. It is an unde
value,
some level, a prospective mother who would compare utility, and cost that are open to reexamin
favorably
with the other contestant for that title, Tracy. those matters should be reexamined from time to t
I told Bentz that his prosecution of the petition
doeswould put unbridled and unilateral power to "t
not have
him and Michelle "on trial." To what extent had
heBentz helped
has started, but, unless counterclaims are driv
raise his children before Bentz and Diana ended their
mostmarriage?
defendants will readily agree to a voluntary d
What experience did Michelle have raising children? To the
is what what
plaintiff wants. The actions contempla
extent had Michelle encouraged him to spend time with hisfacts likely to give rise to counterclaim
not involve
children? And was she willing to help Bentz with told Bentz
family that he probably would be able to stop w
chores
now put in motion. It is important that he under
and raising children if Bentz were awarded custody?
Given Bentz's insistence that he wanted to gain custody
control in of
this regard and our policy that the pre
his children because he loved them and was interested
posesinof
them,
any litigation must be reexamined regular
it was critical that, before filing a petition, he first try to contact
VI.
them. It was critical that he try to contact Tracy as The
well. Strategy
Filing a
By
petition to void the Tracy/Diana marriage would the end
probably of our meeting, Bentz persuaded m
not
decent
endear him to the children. Before taking that hostile guy
action, heand a good father—at least before
pushed
must meet with Tracy and plumb her own plans and him to the side. He was motivated to fi
intentions.
because
I also advised Bentz that I doubted he had standing he
to seek to believed doing so would be best fo
Bentz
"void" the Tracy/Diana marriage. Bentz did not have loved his children; he wanted his children t
the charge
of a roving monitor—someone with the power to fileBentz
lawsuitsalso
to was confused and angered by the
vindicate or enforce his sociological desiderata. Weriage. But
will need toI advised Bentz, and he agreed, that
discuss Bentz's standing to pursue such a lawsuit with in
force our con
his strategy going forward would have n
sultant/co-counsel experienced in family law. But with striking
even if there out against Tracy. The fact that sh
and a such
is some authority permitting a private citizen to bring spouse
a in a same-sex marriage—and, adding
suit, I doubt that it is solid or persuasive. nity," a marriage with Bentz's own former wife—
aside. Our singular motivation would be to pursue
V. Bentz as a Litigant and understandable objectives: reestablishing
It was critical to discuss with Bentz—as it is with every client— with his children and obtaining for himself and h
what he understood about the litigation process. Had he ever possible benefits of litigation brought by Diana's
been a party to a lawsuit? If so, what was his experience and Thus, after securing the financial componen
what was the result? Did he understand the broad range of mat sentation, I discussed with Bentz how we inten
ters subject to discovery? Just as important as any other consid in other words, our strategy. And I explained
eration, was he prepared and able to pay fees that could be mentation of any strategy necessarily would be a
substantial? others—in this case, especially Tracy—reacted.
I doubt that any attorney could pursue a custody petition onThe strategy I advised Bentz to adopt was neces
a contingent-fee basis. Public policy would be affronted by
bya my evaluation of the strength of his proposed
lawyer wagering that he could win a custody case as the analysis
pre of what could be accomplished by pro
condition for his fee. Would the fee be larger if he obtainedclaims.
com With respect to Bentz's interest in nullify
Tracy
plete custody rather than joint custody? Could a larger fee be marriage, this was a straightforward a
50 LITIGATION
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certain result of that undertaking would be antagonizing Tracy. children—bearing in mind, of course, their mutual obliga
A second, almost equally certain, result of that undertaking use any recovery for the children's benefit.
would be antagonizing Bentz's children—raised by Tracy and In sum, our strategy was not to litigate against Tracy b
probably fond of Tracy. Beyond this, the legal outcome of any befriend her. Our strategy was not to antagonize but to c
such lawsuit was very uncertain. Did Bentz have standing to rate. And so, the first action known to the outside world t
bring such a lawsuit? What state's laws would control, and was took on behalf of Jared Bentz—of course, after he had dep
there precedent in that state dealing with such challenges? Even the necessary "evergreen" retainer with us—was to call th
if the lawsuit were successful, would T racy still be able to assert yer whom we were told Tracy had retained. This was the
rights in Diana's estate because she was, in fact, Diana's de facto ous Neil Getnick. We knew Getnick was brilliant. Getnick was
or common-law partner for years? And even if Bentz's lawsuit savvy. Getnick was focused. And we told Getnick that. (By the
were successful, would Tracy still have a strong claim to be way, never say such words to or about your adversary unless you
awarded custody of the children she had raised? are negotiating a deal.) Maybe Getnick would understand that
There was another negative consequence of Bentz's filing Tracy's and Jared's fortunes—and the children's—were linked
the "nullification" lawsuit—most immediately for Tracy, but with one another.
also for Bentz. Bentz would serve discovery requests, which I should address—as a coda, although perhaps it should have
might make public a large quantity of emails, diary entries, and been the prologue—that when we first were contacted about rep
other information that GyneTech, Toyota, or anyone else with resenting Bentz, we understood that Bentz already had filed his
an interest adverse to Diana's estate would be interested in ob petition challenging the Tracy/Diana marriage and seeking cus
taining and rummaging through. In other words, what wouldtody
be (and sole custody) of his children. This proved to be mistaken
valuable to Bentz in prosecuting his "nullification" lawsuit
information. In fact, Bentz had not yet filed any lawsuit.
might also help those defending the wrongful death or whistle
Had Bentz already retained another attorney and filed a law
blower suits. The better part of valor in this case was not aggres
suit, his interest in changing lawyers would have raised numer
sive litigation. ous and obvious questions that are triggered whenever a plain
tiff (or any party to a pending lawsuit) changes counsel. Why are
you changing counsel? What is unsatisfactory about the ar
Our strategy was not to rangement now in place? The answers to those questions must
be pursued in conversations with both the prospective client
to befriend her. step of filing an action, he already has made important choices,
already has decided on a strategic course, already has advanced
substantive allegations. Perhaps those choices could be changed,
Bentz's decision to forgo attacking the same-sex marriage
but perhaps they could not.
might also help accomplish a more important goal: It would imThere is no question that an attorney retained to litigate a case
can more successfully and skillfully manage the lawsuit if he is
prove his chances of obtaining custody. Bentz would have proven
himself to be thoughtful, considerate, and, if not compassionate,
the attorney who starts the lawsuit. A plaintiff who filed his case
weeks or years earlier, guided by someone else, is a plaintiff
at least not viscerally opposed to Tracy. Bentz would have dem
onstrated restraint. Although Tracy might not wind up whose
physi representation will present additional challenges often not
cally hugging Bentz—or even figuratively embracing him—she
understood until later in the process. Representing such a plain
might react positively to the news that he and our "aggressive"
tiff may mean facing limitations that materially impede your
firm would not be challenging her marriage to Diana. She might
strategy or significantly burden or even diminish the hoped-for
perceive as well that Bentz's demonstration of restraint andoutcome.
ma Thus, it was important to us that Bentz had not yet filed
turity would make him a more formidable opponent in anya cus
case; we might not otherwise have agreed to represent him. As
tody battle. it is, filing the complaint, and the complaint's contents, are mat
Thus, given our analysis, we convinced Bentz to make the ters that will be decided by us—not faits accomplis.
following proposal to Tracy: He and Tracy would agree to share I look forward to working with you on this interesting mat
joint custody—serving the children's interest and giving each ter—our first one together. ■
other the opportunity to participate in raising the children. In
turn, Bentz and Tracy would share any recovery from the pros Jay S. Horowitz is with Horowitz, Forbes LLP, Denver.
ecution of any lawsuits brought by Diana's estate or by the
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