Lecture No.

4 (Solutions)

Q1: a) since x  3, y  4.

Here, we can find the polar coordinates (r, )

r  x 2  y 2  32  42  9  16  25  5.

y 4
  tan 1 ( )  tan 1 ( ).
x 3

Q2: a) since x  2, y  2 3, and z  4

Here, we can find the spherical coordinates (  , ,  )

Since   x 2  y 2  z 2  4  12  16  32  4 2.

y 2 3 2
  tan 1 ( )  tan 1 ( )  tan 1 ( 3) 
x 2 3

z  4  
  cos 1    cos 1  
 4 2 4

2 
Thus, the point is (4 2, , ) in spherical coordinates.
3 4

b) Since x   3, y  1, and z  2

Here, we can find the spherical coordinates (  , ,  )

Since   x 2  y 2  z 2  3  1  4  8  2 2.

y 1 5
  tan 1 ( )  tan 1 ( )
x 3 6
 z  2  3
  cos 1    cos1  
 2 2 4

5 3
Thus, the point is (2 2, , ) in spherical coordinates.
6 4

Q3: We’ll start by acknowledging that  is the same in both coordinate system
For 
  r2  z2  6  2  8  2 2

 =
4
Now we find  , for this we can use the conversion for z.
z 2 1 
z   cos   cos       cos1 ( ) 
 2 2 2 3
  
So, the spherical coordinate of this point will are  2 2, , 
 4 3

Q4: For Rectangular coordinates


1
x  r cos   2 cos  2
1
4 2
 1
y  r sin   2 sin  2 1
4 2
Thus the rectangular coordinates are (1,1).

Q5: ( x  y)2  z 2  4  0

x2  y 2  2 xy  z 2  4  0 ………….. (1)

For cylindrical coordinates, x  r cos  , y  r sin  , and z  z , so (1) becomes

(r cos  )2  (r sin  )2  2(r cos  )(r sin  )  z 2  4  0

r 2 cos 2   r 2 sin 2   2r 2 cos  sin   z 2  4  0

r 2 (cos2   sin 2  )  2r 2 cos sin   z 2  4  0

r 2 (1)  2r 2 cos  sin   z 2  4  0

r 2 (1  2cos  sin  )  z 2  4  0
r 2 (1  sin 2 )  z 2  4  0

For spherical coordinates, x  p sin  cos  , y  p sin  sin  , and z  p cos  , so (1) becomes

( p sin  cos  )2  ( p sin  sin  )2  2( p sin  cos  )( p sin  sin  )  ( p cos  ) 2  4  0

p 2 sin 2  (cos2  sin 2  )  2 p 2 sin 2  cos sin   p 2 cos2   4  0

p 2 sin 2  (1)  2 p 2 sin 2  cos  sin   p 2 cos2   4  0

2 p 2 sin 2  cos  sin   4  p 2 cos2   p 2 sin 2 

2 p 2 sin 2  cos  sin   4  p 2 (cos2   sin 2  )

p 2 cos 2  2 p 2 sin 2  cos  sin   4

p 2 (cos 2  2sin 2  cos  sin  )  4

p 2 (cos 2  sin 2  sin 2 )  4

2 p 2 sin 2  cos  sin   4  p 2 (cos2   sin 2  )

Lecture No. 5 (Solutions)

Q1: We see that 9  x  9 y must be positive.

2 2

x2
 y2  1
⇒ x  9y  9 ⇒
2 2
We have 9  ( x2  9 y 2 )  0 9

The domain is the set of all points interior to the ellipse centered at the origin with a=3, b=1.
 x 2 In( xyz )
Q2: lim
 x , y , z 1,1,1 e xz

By applying limit, we get

(1) 2 In(1) 1 0
   0.
e1 e

x4  y 4 ( x 2  y 2 )( x 2  y 2 )
Q3: lim 2 2  lim  lim ( x 2  y 2 )
 x , y  0,0 x  y  x , y  0,0  x y
2 2  x , y  0,0

Along x-axis y  0.

lim x2  0
 x , y  0,0 

Along y-axis x  0 .

lim  y 2  0
 x , y  0,0 

Along the line y  mx .

 lim x 2  (mx) 2  lim x 2 (1  m 2 )  0.
 x , y  0,0   x , y  0,0 

Along the parabola y  x 2 .

lim x 2  ( x 2 )2  lim x 2 (1  x 2 )  0
 x , y  0,0   x , y  0,0 

Thus the limit exist

Q4: If ( x, y)  (0, 0) along the line y  x3 , then

x3 x3 x6 x6 x4 0
lim  lim  lim  lim   0.
 x , y  0,0 x  ( x )
2 3 2  x , y  0,0 x  x
2 6  x , y  0,0 x (1  x )  x , y  0,0 (1  x ) 1
2 4 4

Lecture No. 6 (Solutions)

Q1: lim e xy cos( x  y)  e1( 1) cos(1  (1))  e1 cos(0)  e

( x , y )(1, 1)

Q2: f ( x, y ) is continuous in the entire two dimensional space except at the point

where y  x3

Q3: Let ( x, y)  (0, 0) along the line y  mx so that y  0 as x  0 , then

2 x (m2 x 2 )
f ( x, y ) 
x 3  m3 x 3

2m2 x3
lim f ( x, y)  lim
( x , y ) (0,0) x 0 x3 (1  m3 )

2m 2
 lim , since x  0
x 0 (1  m3 )
 2m 2

1  m3
So that limit value will vary as m changes. Therefore lim f ( x, y) does not exist
( x , y )(0,0)

so f is discontinuous at (0, 0).

Q4: f x  ex y , f y  ex y

1   y x2 y y
Q5: f x     2 . 2  2
y x  x  x  y x
2 2
x  y2
1 2
x

1   y x2 1 x
fy     .  2
y y  x  x  y x x  y 2
2 2 2
1 2
x