Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Presented by:
Sheraz Shafique (322-FET/MSEE/S13)
Rizwan Shabbir (302-FET/MSEE/F12)
1 Adnan Anwar (319-FET/MSEE/S13)
Ghulam Naveed (296-FET/MSEE/F12)
OUTLINE
Introduction
Summary
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INTRODUCTION
Definition:
Cognitive Radios are used to monitor , sense and detect the
conditions of their operating environment and dynamically
reconfigure their own characteristics to the best match those
conditions such as location and utilization on RF frequency
spectrum at that location.
http://www.imec.be/ScientificReport/SR2007/html/1384122.html
INTRODUCTION (CONT’D)
Cognitive Radio Means “Smart” and “Alert”
It knows where it is.
Mitola, “Cognitive Radio for Flexible Mobile Multimedia Communications”, IEEE Mobile Multimedia Conference, 1999,
BACKGROUND
The concept of cognitive radio was first proposed by Joseph Mitola III in
1998.
In order to make the spectrum more useful.
To make system reliable as well as cost effective.
Mitola, “Cognitive Radio for Flexible Mobile Multimedia Communications”, IEEE Mobile Multimedia Conference, 1999,
AN EASY APPROACH TO COGNITIVE RADIO
Basic concept of Cognitive Radio (CR)
Cognition Cycle
Working Principle of ‘CR’
Cognitive Radio Prototype Board
http://www.slideshare.net/xgtechnology/what-is-cognitive-radio-presentation
COGNITION CYCLE (CONT’D)
http://www.rennes.supelec.fr/ren/rd/scee/themes/scee_cognitive-radio.en.html
COGNITIVE RADIO PROTOTYPE BOARD
Baseband/Modem FPGA: XtremeDSPTM slice configuration18-bit x 18-bit
multiplier, at 500 MHz.
Network Processor FPGA: Packet and network protocol processing are performed using a
Xilinx 4VFX100 FPGA (soft core 32-bit processor @180MHz maximum). 8Mx36
(288Mbit) DRAM II operating at 200MHz (400MHz data rate).
Host Processor: The MPC8560 processor carefully balances the issues of maximizing
network connectivity and processing power. The processing core is currently benchmarked
as 1850 DMIPS @800MHz.
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Authentication
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http://www.wirelessinnovation.org/Defining_CR_and_DSA
ARCHITECTURE OF NETWORK-CENTRIC CR
PLATFORM
Experimentation with various adaptive wireless network protocols.
Fast RF scanning capability,
RF transceiver working over a range of frequency bands
A SDR modem supporting OFDM and QPSK.
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Signal Quality Good Transitional Poor
Modified from Figure 1 in Published August 15, 2005 M. McHenry in “NSF Spectrum Occupancy Measurements Project Summary”, Aug 15,
2005. Available online: http://www.sharedspectrum.com/?section=nsf_measurements
SPECTRUM SENSING AND ACCESS
Cognitive Radios sense the local spectrum utilization either through a dedicated sensor or
using a configured SDR receiver channel.
Using this information it may create increased spectrum access opportunities.
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Russell, Stuart J. and Peter Norvig Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach Second Edition.Pearson Education 2003.
HOW IS A COGNITIVE RADIO DIFFERENT
FROM OTHER RADIOS? - APPLICATION
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Upgrade Cycle
Software Defined
Radio
Conventional Radio Cognitive Radio
Ideally software
Cannot be made radios could be SDR upgrade
“future proof” “future proof” mechanisms
Many different Internal upgrades
Typically radios are
external upgrade
not upgradeable Collaborative
mechanisms 17
upgrades
Over-the-Air
(OTA)
Software Radio: A Modern Approach to Radio Engineering
ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATION OF CR
Advantages Limitations
Dynamic spectrum access Centralized
Self-organizing networks Signaling Overhead
Cognitive jamming systems Complexity
Cognitive gateways / bridges Responsiveness
Real-time spectrum markets Single point of failure
Synthetic (Cooperative) Distributed
MIMO
Infinite recursions
Cognitive spectrum
management Instability (chaos)
Cognitive routing Vicious cycles
Adaptation collisions
Equitable distribution of
resources
Byzantine failure
Information distribution
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http://www.wirelessinnovation.org/Defining_CR_and_DSA
QUESTIONS
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