INTRODUCTION

A greenhouse environment detection system based on solar-

powered is designed. The main controller of the system is
SPCE061A.The temperature, humidity and light intensity of the
greenhouse is detected and displayed autumnally. PC uses
configuration software written can process the data which the
hypogenous machine transmits, formatting the chart of crop
growth. To arrive at the best environmental parameters for crops
to grow.

Nowadays greenhouses are the important facilities to achieve

high-quality, efficient production of the crops. The traditional
greenhouse parameter control is carried out by people. This
spends a lot of manpower and resources and has significant
limitations. Using SCM to control greenhouse, not only has the
advantage of convenient control and high flexibility, and can
increase the amount of technical indicators charged. Thus
greatly improved the quality and quantity of the product. In the
data acquisition and transmission, in the past usually use
batteries or mains power supply as the acquisition system. To
make the control system for a long time and high reliable, this
article describes the use of solar-powered greenhouse
environmental monitoring system. This article describes a
greenhouse environmental monitoring system using solar-
powered battery.[1]Can automatically illumination measurement
and regulate completed the temperature and humidity of the
greenhouse. Initial implementation of the automated
management of greenhouse, greatly reduce the labor intensity.
Greenhouse environment detection system can be divided into
four parts:

• Signal acquisition input section. Including collecting indoor

and outdoor temperature, humidity, light intensity and so on.
• Information processing part. Main function is to collect
information into a standard computer can identify the amount of
information processing the output of decision-making
instructions.
• Output and control part. Control sprinklers, light source, to
operate the heater, etc., so that the growth of plants to achieve
the workshop of the production control process.
• Solar power module. Main function is to microcontroller,
various sensors.

Overall system block diagram is shown in Figure1.

 Solar power is absolutely perfect for use with irrigation
systems for gardens, greenhouses, and polytonal. When the sun
is shining you need more water and so the solar power is there
for the pump. By adding a suitable deep cycle eisure/marine
battery, power can be made available 24 hours per day enabling
watering in the evening the best time to water plants in the
summer so that the water has a chance to soak into the ground.
An automated agriculture pump system can be put together
using a suitable 12V programmable timer which will turn on the
pump at the same time every evening. Alternatively a bespoke
electronic relay control board can be put together to supply
power to the pump (or many different pumps) with your choice
of turn on/off times each day.

The main objectives of the project are:

1. Energy harvesting.
2. Automated irrigation process at regular intervals.

The major building blocks of the project are:

1. Regulated Power Supply.
2. Microcontrollers
3. DC battery
4. LDR
5. GSM
6. MAX 232
7. WATER PUMP
8. MOISTURE SENSOR
9. ROTATING UNIT
10. OSCILLATOR
1.Micro Controller

The major heart of this project is

microcontroller;a microcontroller (sometimes
abbreviated µC, µC or MCU) is a small computer on a
single integrated circuit containing a processor core, memory,
and programmable input/output peripherals. etc. However,
compare to others microcontroller is fast and very ease to
program in C language because of huge support can gain from
the manufacturer for programming.

2.RESET

Reset is used for putting the microcontroller into a

'known' condition. That practically means that microcontroller
can behave rather inaccurately under certain undesirable
conditions. In order to continue its proper functioning it has to
be reset, meaning all registers would be placed in a starting
position. Reset is not only used when microcontroller doesn't
behave the way we want it to, but can also be used when trying
out a device as an interrupt in program execution, or to get a
microcontroller ready when loading a program.

3.Crystal Oscillator
 A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that
uses the mechanical resonance of a
vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an electrical
signal with a very precise frequency. This frequency is
commonly used to keep track of time, to provide a stable clock
signal for microcontrollers. The most common type of
piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so oscillator
circuits incorporating them became known as crystal oscillator.

4. Solar Panel

A solar panel (also solar module, photovoltaic module or

photovoltaic panel) is a packaged, connected assembly of
photovoltaic cells. The solar panel can be used as a component
of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity
in commercial and residential applications. Solar panels use
light energy (photons) from the sun to generate electricity
through the photovoltaic effect.

5 LCD
A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic
visual display, or video display that uses the light modulating
properties of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals do not emit light
directly. They are common consumer devices such as video
players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and
telephones, and have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays
in most applications.

6. LDR

A photo resistor or light dependent resistor (LDR) is a

resistor whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light
intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity.
Photoelectric or light sensing device are used in almost any
branch of industry for control, safety, amusement and sound
reproduction and inspection and measurement.

7. Rotating Unit
 Rotating unit is used for rotating solar panel as the
availability of sun light. This is measured by LDR. As the
variations of that solar panel rotates accordingly.

8. MAX 232(VOLTAGE LEVEL CONVERTER)

The MAX232 is an IC that converts signals from an RS-

232 serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible
digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a dual driver/receiver and
typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals. The
drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. ± 7.5 V)
from a single + 5 V supply via on-chip charge pumps and
external capacitors. The receivers reduce RS-232 inputs (which
may be as high as ± 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL levels.

9.USART

A Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter,

abbreviated UART is a piece of computer hardware that
translates data between parallel and serial forms. UARTs are
commonly used in conjunction with communication standards
such as EIA, RS-232, RS-422 or RS-485. The universal
designation indicates that the data format and transmission
speeds are configurable. The electric signaling levels and
methods (such as differential signaling etc.) are handled by a
driver circuit external to the UART.

A UART is usually an individual (or part of an) integrated

circuit used for serial communications over a computer or
peripheral device serial port. UARTs are now commonly
included in microcontrollers. A dual UART, or DUART,
combines two UARTs into a single chip. Many modern ICs now
come with a UART that can also communicate synchronously;
these devices are called USARTs (universal
synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitter).

10. GSM

GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile

phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate
vicinity. GSM networks operate in four different frequency
ranges. Most GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800
MHz bands. Some countries in the Americas (including Canada
and the United States) use the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands
because the 900 and 1800 MHz frequency bands were already
allocated.

The rarer 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are

assigned in some countries, notably Scandinavia, where these
frequencies were previously used for first-generation systems.

11. Moisture Sensor

This sensor uses to sense moisture content of the soil

.according to that value pump will turn on/off.

12. Water Pump

It is used to pump water to agriculture field according

to the moisture content value.

13. Power Supply

A power supply is a device that supplies electric power to

an electrical load. The term is most commonly applied
to electric power converters that convert one form of electrical
energy to another, though it may also refer to devices that
convert another form of energy (mechanical, chemical, solar) to
electrical energy. A regulated power supply is one that controls
the output voltage or current to a specific value; the controlled
value is held nearly constant despite variations in either load
current or the voltage supplied by the power supply's energy
source.

14. Step Down Transformers

Step down transformers are designed to reduce electrical

voltage. Their primary voltage is greater than their secondary
voltage. This kind of transformer "steps down" the voltage
applied to it. For instance, a step down transformer is needed to
use an 110v product in a country with a 220v supply. Step down
transformers convert electrical voltage from one level or phase
configuration usually down to a lower level. They can include
features for electrical isolation, power distribution, and control
and instrumentation applications. Step down transformers
typically rely on the principle of magnetic induction between
coils to convert voltage and/or current levels.
15. Rectifier

A rectifier is an electrical device that convertsalternating

current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct
current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is
known as rectification. Physically, rectifiers take a number of
forms, including vacuum tubediodes, mercury-arc valves,
copper and selenium oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes,
silicon-controlled rectifiers and other silicon-based
semiconductor switches. Historically, even synchronous
electromechanical switches and motors have been used. Early
radio receivers, called crystal radios, used a "cat's whisker" of
fine wire pressing on a crystal of galena (lead sulfide) to serve as
a point-contact rectifier or "crystal detector". Rectifiers have
many uses, but are often found serving as components of DC
power supplies and high-voltage direct current power
transmission systems. Rectification may serve in roles other than
to generate direct current for use as a source of power. As noted,
detectors of radio signals serve as rectifiers. In gas heating
systems flame rectification is used to detect presence of flame.
16. Filters

Electronic filters are analog circuits which perform signal

processing functions, specifically to remove unwanted
frequency components from the signal, to enhance wanted ones,
or both. The most common types of electronic filters are linear
filters, regardless of other aspects of their design.

17. Regulator

A regulator is a device which has the function of

maintaining a designated characteristic. It performs the activity
of managing or maintaining a range of values in a machine. The
measurable property of a device is managed closely by specified
conditions or an advance set value; or it can be a variable
according to a predetermined arrangement scheme. It can be
used generally to connote any set of various controls or devices
for regulating or controlling items or objects.