Project Name: The Design of Green House Environment Detection System

Based on Solar Powered

Domain : Embedded System

Microcontroller : AVR/ARM/PIC

IEEE INSPEC Accessing Number:2154-4824

Solar power is absolutely perfect for use with irrigation systems for gardens,
greenhouses, and polytonal. When the sun is shining you need more water and so
the solar power is there for the pump. By adding a suitable deep cycle
eisure/marine battery, power can be made available 24 hours per day enabling
watering in the evening the best time to water plants in the summer so that the
water has a chance to soak into the ground.
An automated agriculture pump system can be put together using a suitable 12V
programmable timer which will turn on the pump at the same time every evening.
Alternatively a bespoke electronic relay control board can be put together to supply
power to the pump (or many different pumps) with your choice of turn on/off times
each day.

The main objectives of the project are:

1. Energy harvesting.
2. Automated irrigation process at regular intervals.

The major building blocks of the project are:

1. Regulated Power Supply.
2. Microcontrollers
3. DC battery
 4. LDR
5. GSM
6. MAX 232
7. WATER PUMP
8. MOISTURE SENSOR
9. ROTATING UNIT
10. OSCILLATOR

BLOCK DIAGRAM

OSCILLATOR LDR ROTATING SOLAR PANEL

UNIT

MICROCONTROLLER DC BATTERY
REGULATED
POWER
SUPPLY

LCD WATER MAX MOISTURE RESET

PUMP 232 SENSOR
DRIVER

GSM
LCD
REGULATED POWER SUPPLY

5V
DC

Step down
transform
Rectifier Filter Regulator
er

BLOCK DIAGRAM EXPLANATION

1. Micro Controller
The major heart of this project is
microcontroller;a microcontroller (sometimes abbreviated µC, µC or MCU) is a
small computer on a single integrated circuit containing a processor core,
memory, and programmable input/output peripherals. etc. However, compare to
others microcontroller is fast and very ease to program in C language because of
huge support can gain from the manufacturer for programming.

2. RESET

Reset is used for putting the microcontroller into a 'known' condition.

That practically means that microcontroller can behave rather inaccurately under
certain undesirable conditions. In order to continue its proper functioning it has to
be reset, meaning all registers would be placed in a starting position. Reset is not
only used when microcontroller doesn't behave the way we want it to, but can also
 be used when trying out a device as an interrupt in program execution, or to get a
microcontroller ready when loading a program.

3. Crystal Oscillator

A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses the

mechanical resonance of a vibrating crystal of piezoelectric material to create an
electrical signal with a very precise frequency. This frequency is commonly used
to keep track of time, to provide a stable clock signal for microcontrollers. The
most common type of piezoelectric resonator used is the quartz crystal, so
oscillator circuits incorporating them became known as crystal oscillator.

4. Solar Panel

A solar panel (also solar module, photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel) is a

packaged, connected assembly of photovoltaic cells. The solar panel can be used as
a component of a larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in
commercial and residential applications. Solar panels use light energy (photons)
from the sun to generate electricity through the photovoltaic effect.

5 LCD

A liquid-crystal display (LCD) is a flat panel display, electronic visual display, or

video display that uses the light modulating properties of liquid crystals. Liquid
crystals do not emit light directly. They are common consumer devices such as
video players, gaming devices, clocks, watches, calculators, and telephones, and
have replaced cathode ray tube (CRT) displays in most applications.
6. LDR

A photo resistor or light dependent resistor (LDR) is a resistor whose

resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it
exhibits photoconductivity. Photoelectric or light sensing device are used in almost
any branch of industry for control, safety, amusement and sound reproduction and
inspection and measurement.

7. Rotating Unit

Rotating unit is used for rotating solar panel as the availability of sun light.
This is measured by LDR. As the variations of that solar panel rotates accordingly.

8. MAX 232(VOLTAGE LEVEL CONVERTER)

The MAX232 is an IC that converts signals from an RS-232 serial port to

signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits. The MAX232 is a
dual driver/receiver and typically converts the RX, TX, CTS and RTS signals. The
drivers provide RS-232 voltage level outputs (approx. ± 7.5 V) from a single + 5 V
supply via on-chip charge pumps and external capacitors. The receivers reduce RS-
232 inputs (which may be as high as ± 25 V), to standard 5 V TTL levels.

9.USART

A Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter, abbreviated UART is

a piece of computer hardware that translates data between parallel and serial
forms. UARTs are commonly used in conjunction with communication standards
such as EIA, RS-232, RS-422 or RS-485. The universal designation indicates that
the data format and transmission speeds are configurable. The electric signaling
levels and methods (such as differential signaling etc.) are handled by a driver
circuit external to the UART.

A UART is usually an individual (or part of an) integrated circuit used for
serial communications over a computer or peripheral device serial port. UARTs are
now commonly included in microcontrollers. A dual UART, or DUART, combines
two UARTs into a single chip. Many modern ICs now come with a UART that can
also communicate synchronously; these devices are called USARTs (universal
synchronous/asynchronous receiver/transmitter).

10. GSM

GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones connect

to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. GSM networks operate in four
different frequency ranges. Most GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800
MHz bands. Some countries in the Americas (including Canada and the United
States) use the 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands because the 900 and 1800 MHz
frequency bands were already allocated.

The rarer 400 and 450 MHz frequency bands are assigned in some
countries, notably Scandinavia, where these frequencies were previously used for
first-generation systems.

11. Moisture Sensor

This sensor uses to sense moisture content of the soil .according to that value
pump will turn on/off.

12. Water Pump

It is used to pump water to agriculture field according to the moisture

content value.
13. Power Supply

A power supply is a device that supplies electric power to an electrical load.

The term is most commonly applied to electric power converters that convert one
form of electrical energy to another, though it may also refer to devices that
convert another form of energy (mechanical, chemical, solar) to electrical energy.
A regulated power supply is one that controls the output voltage or current to a
specific value; the controlled value is held nearly constant despite variations in
either load current or the voltage supplied by the power supply's energy source.

14. Step Down Transformers

Step down transformers are designed to reduce electrical voltage. Their

primary voltage is greater than their secondary voltage. This kind of transformer
"steps down" the voltage applied to it. For instance, a step down transformer is
needed to use an 110v product in a country with a 220v supply. Step down
transformers convert electrical voltage from one level or phase configuration
usually down to a lower level. They can include features for electrical isolation,
power distribution, and control and instrumentation applications. Step down
transformers typically rely on the principle of magnetic induction between coils to
convert voltage and/or current levels.

15. Rectifier

A rectifier is an electrical device that convertsalternating current (AC),

which periodically reverses direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only
one direction. The process is known as rectification. Physically, rectifiers take a
number of forms, including vacuum tubediodes, mercury-arc valves, copper and
selenium oxide rectifiers, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled rectifiers and
other silicon-based semiconductor switches. Historically, even synchronous
electromechanical switches and motors have been used. Early radio receivers,
called crystal radios, used a "cat's whisker" of fine wire pressing on a crystal of
galena (lead sulfide) to serve as a point-contact rectifier or "crystal detector".
Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving as components of DC
power supplies and high-voltage direct current power transmission systems.
Rectification may serve in roles other than to generate direct current for use as a
source of power. As noted, detectors of radio signals serve as rectifiers. In gas
heating systems flame rectification is used to detect presence of flame.

16. Filters

Electronic filters are analog circuits which perform signal processing

functions, specifically to remove unwanted frequency components from the signal,
to enhance wanted ones, or both. The most common types of electronic filters are
linear filters, regardless of other aspects of their design.

17. Regulator

A regulator is a device which has the function of maintaining a designated

characteristic. It performs the activity of managing or maintaining a range of
values in a machine. The measurable property of a device is managed closely by
specified conditions or an advance set value; or it can be a variable according to a
predetermined arrangement scheme. It can be used generally to connote any set of
various controls or devices for regulating or controlling items or objects.