You are on page 1of 7

1038

 J. He and R. S. Gorur: Flashover of Insulators in a Wet Environment

)ODVKRYHURI,QVXODWRUVLQD:HW(QYLURQPHQW

-+H
6FKRRORI(OHFWULFDO(QJLQHHULQJ
6RXWKHDVW8QLYHUVLW\1DQMLQJ-LDQJVX&KLQD

DQG56*RUXU
'HSDUWPHQWRI(OHFWULFDODQG&RPSXWHU(QJLQHHULQJ
7KH8QLYHUVLW\RI$ODEDPDLQ+XQWVYLOOH+XQWVYLOOH$/86$

$%675$&7
7KLVSDSHUGHVFULEHVDPHWKRGEDVHGRQHOHFWULFILHOGFDOFXODWLRQDQGUDQGRPZDON
WKHRU\ IRU HYDOXDWLQJ LQVXODWRU SHUIRUPDQFH LQ D ZHW HQYLURQPHQW $UF EULGJLQJ RI
VKHGV YLD ZDWHU SDUWLFOHV VXVSHQGHG LQ FORVH SUR[LPLW\ WR WKH LQVXODWRU KDV EHHQ
FRQVLGHUHG 7KH UROH RI LQVXODWRU GLPHQVLRQV VKDQN GLDPHWHU VKHG GLDPHWHU DQG
QXPEHURIVKHGV RQWKHIODVKRYHUSHUIRUPDQFHKDVEHHQGLVFXVVHG,WLVVKRZQWKDWWKH
LQFUHDVHG SUREDELOLW\ RI IODVKRYHU GXH WR WKH SUHVHQFH RI ZDWHU SDUWLFOHV ZKHQ
FRPSDUHGWRLQVXODWRUVZLWKRQO\ZHWVXUIDFHVFDQEHTXDQWLILHG:LWKORZWRPRGHUDWH
OHYHOV RI FRQWDPLQDWLRQ FRPPRQO\ HQFRXQWHUHG LQ VHUYLFH WKH UHODWLYH LQFUHDVH LQ
IODVKRYHU SUREDELOLW\ LV KLJKHU GXH WR WKH SUHVHQFH RI VXVSHQGHG ZDWHU SDUWLFOHV WKDQ
WKDWREWDLQHGXQGHUKHDY\FRQWDPLQDWLRQ
,QGH[7HUPVIODVKRYHU SUREDELOLW\ FRQWDPLQDWLRQ VXUIDFHFRQGXFWLYLW\ LQVXODWRU
GLPHQVLRQZDWHUSDUWLFOHUDQGRPZDON

 ,1752'8&7,21 IODVKRYHU YROWDJH UHGXFHV ZLWK WKH LQFUHDVH RI LQVXODWRU
GLDPHWHUZKHQWKHVXUIDFHFRQWDPLQDWLRQLVXQFKDQJHG>@
7+(GHVLJQDQGVHOHFWLRQRIRXWGRRULQVXODWRUVIRUSRZHU 0)DU]DQHKDQGFRZRUNHUVVKRZHGWKHUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQ
GHOLYHU\ LV SULPDULO\ GHWHUPLQHG E\ IODVKRYHU XQGHU ZHW DQG
LFHFRYHUHG LQVXODWRU GLDPHWHU ZKLFK LV HVVHQWLDOO\ D
FRQWDPLQDWHG FRQGLWLRQV $UF SURSDJDWLRQ LV D FRPSOLFDWHG
F\OLQGULFDO EDUUHO  DQG $& IODVKRYHU YROWDJH >@ $
SURFHVVLQYROYLQJLRQL]DWLRQRIDLUDURXQGWKHLQVXODWRUHQHUJ\
GHWHUPLQLVWLF IODVKRYHU PRGHO ZDV XVHG WR HYDOXDWH WKH
GLVVLSDWLRQ LQ VXUIDFH GLVFKDUJHV DQG WKH FRQWLQXRXV
IODVKRYHUSHUIRUPDQFH5HDOLQVXODWRUVKDYHVKHGDQGVKDQNRI
UHGLVWULEXWLRQRIWKHHOHFWULFILHOGGXHWRZHWWLQJDQGGU\EDQG
GLIIHUHQW GLDPHWHUV DQG DUH QRW F\OLQGULFDO 7KHUHIRUH WKH
DUFLQJ7KLVSURFHVVKDVEHHQH[SHULPHQWDOO\DQGWKHRUHWLFDOO\
HIIHFWVRIERWKVKDQNDQGVKHGGLDPHWHUVDQGWKHVKHGVSDFLQJ
VWXGLHG7KHH[SHULPHQWDOZRUNKDVEHHQZHOOGRFXPHQWHGLQ
QHHGWREHDQDO\]HG
WKH OLWHUDWXUH >@ DQG VHYHUDO PDWKHPDWLFDO PRGHOV KDYH DOVR
EHHQGHYHORSHGWRHYDOXDWHIODVKRYHUSHUIRUPDQFH>@  7KHSXUSRVHRIWKLVSDSHULVWRGHYHORSDVWDWLVWLFDOPRGHOWR
HYDOXDWH HIIHFWV RI VXVSHQGHG ZDWHU SDUWLFOHV RQ LQVXODWRU
:DWHU GURSV VXVSHQGHG LQ WKH VSDFH EHWZHHQ VKHGV DUH
IODVKRYHU SUREDELOLW\ 7KH PRGHO LV EDVHG RQ HOHFWULF ILHOG
NQRZQ WR EH D VLJQLILFDQW IDFWRU DIIHFWLQJ IODVKRYHU DV WKH\
GLVWULEXWLRQ DURXQG WKH LQVXODWRU WKDW LV FDOFXODWHG E\ WKH
GLVWRUW WKH HOHFWULF ILHOG DURXQG WKH LQVXODWRUV ,Q DGGLWLRQ
YDULDEOH JULG ILQLWH GLIIHUHQFH PHWKRG )'0  >@ 7KH
ZDWHUSDUWLFOHVLQDLUFDQDOWHUWKHSDWKRIDUFSURSDJDWLRQE\
SUREDELOLW\ RI DUF SURSDJDWLRQ LQ GLIIHUHQW GLUHFWLRQV LV
MXPSLQJDFURVVVKHGV7&&KHQJDQGFRZRUNHUV¶SUHVHQWHG
HYDOXDWHGXVLQJUDQGRPZDONWKHRU\>@
WKH IODVKRYHUEHKDYLRU RIK\GURSKRELF LQVXODWRUV XQGHU PRLVW
FRQGLWLRQV>@7KH\FRQFOXGHGWKDWLQFUHDVLQJK\GURSKRELFLW\
RI LQVXODWRU VXUIDFH GHIRUPV WKH ZDWHU GURSOHWV DQG OHDGV WR
 $5&3523$*$7,21352&(66
UHODWLYHO\ KLJK IODVKRYHU YROWDJH + (,.LVKN\ DQDO\]HG WKH $ WZR GLPHQVLRQDO PRGHO LV FRQVLGHUHG DV D ILUVW
HOHFWULF ILHOG DQG HQHUJ\ RQ ZHW LQVXODWLQJ VXUIDFHV DQG DSSUR[LPDWLRQEHFDXVHDQLQVXODWRUZLWKXQLIRUPO\GLVWULEXWHG
GHWHUPLQHGKRZZDWHUGURSOHWVGLVWRUWWKHILHOGGLVWULEXWLRQ>@ ZDWHUSDUWLFOHVVXFKDVGXULQJPLVWRUUDLQ ZLWKRXWZLQG FDQ
<RQJ /LX LGHQWLILHG WKH SDWWHUQ RI VXUIDFH IODVKRYHU LQGXFHG EHFRQVLGHUHGD[LVV\PPHWULF7KHPRGHOLQJGHWDLOVKDYHEHHQ
E\ ZDWHU GURSOHWV RQ FRPSRVLWH LQVXODWRUV DQG IRXQG RXW WKH SUHVHQWHG LQ D UHFHQW SDSHU >@ KHQFH RQO\ HVVHQWLDO
LQIOXHQFHRIZDWHUSDUWLFOHVORFDWLRQDQGYROXPH>@  LQIRUPDWLRQLVSURYLGHGKHUH)LJXUHVKRZVWKHVFKHPDWLFRI
,QVXODWRU GLPHQVLRQV DUH DOVR NQRZQ WR LPSDFW IODVKRYHU LQVXODWRU ZLWK ZDWHU SDUWLFOHV LQ WKH VSDFH EHWZHHQ LQVXODWRU
SHUIRUPDQFH ,W LV ZHOO NQRZQ WKDW IRU F\OLQGULFDO URGV VKHGV7KHLQVXODWRUVXUIDFHLVDVVXPHGWREHK\GURSKLOLF7KH
ZDWHUGURSOHWVDUHDVVXPHGWRH[LVWDOLWWOH PP EH\RQGWKH
Manuscript received on 24 December 2015, in final form 5 December 2016,
HGJHRIWKHVKHG7KHLQVXODWRUGLPHQVLRQFRUUHVSRQGVWR
accepted 7 December 2016. Corresponding author: J. He. N9ORQJURGLQVXODWRU

DOI: 10.1109/TDEI.2017.005795
IEEE
 Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 24, No. 2; April 2017 1039

+9(OHFWURGH

6KHG

,QVXODWLQJ0DWHULDO
$UF

PUp
PLeft PRight
$LU
PDown

6KHG

*URXQG(OHFWURGH

)LJXUH$UFSURSDJDWLRQSURFHVVDQGSRVVLELOLWLHVLQDOOGLUHFWLRQV


)LJXUH,QVXODWRUGLPHQVLRQVFKHPDWLF 7KHOHDNDJHGLVWDQFHLVPP 

5DQGRP ZDON LV PDWKHPDWLFDO IRUPDOL]DWLRQ RI D SDWK WKDW


FRQVLVWV RI D VXFFHVVLRQ RI UDQGRP VWHSV 7KH PDJQLWXGH RI
HOHFWULF ILHOG YHFWRUV GHWHUPLQHV WKH OHQJWK RI HDFK UDQGRP
VWHS 7KH JURZWK SRLQW RI WKH QH[W VWHS LV VHOHFWHG
VWRFKDVWLFDOO\IURPWKHSRVVLEOHSRVLWLRQVZLWKWKHSUREDELOLW\
P ZKLFK LV GHWHUPLQHG E\ WKH VTXDUH RI WKH SRWHQWLDO
GLIIHUHQFHijEHWZHHQWKHFXUUHQWSRVLWLRQDQGWKHJURZWKSRLQW
7KHODZRIJURZWKSUREDELOLWLHVWRIRXUGLUHFWLRQV 16(DQG
: LVJLYHQE\>@
Δϕ 
 P= θ Δϕ − Ec d            
∑ Δϕ 
ZKHUH ∑ Δϕ   LV WKH SRWHQWLDO GLIIHUHQFH VXPPDWLRQ RI DOO
SRVVLEOH SRVLWLRQV ZLWK ᇞij!Ecd DQG Ec  N9PP  LV WKH
506YDOXHRIWKUHVKROGILHOG>@,IWKHHOHFWULFILHOGLVOHVV
WKDQ WKH GLHOHFWULF VWUHQJWK RI DLU RU WKH DUF FRPSOHWHV WKH
IODVKRYHUWKHDUFSURSDJDWLRQVWRSV7KHIODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\
LVFDOFXODWHGE\WKHHTXDWLRQEHORZ
NA
Pflashover =                   
NT
ZKHUHNAUHSUHVHQWVWKHQXPEHURIDUFVWKDWFRPSOHWHVWKH
IODVKRYHU DQG NT LV WKH WRWDO QXPEHU RI DUF SURSDJDWLRQ
SURFHVVHV )LJXUH  VKRZV WKH DUF SURSDJDWLRQ SURFHVV RI WKH
LQVXODWRUPRGHO
7KH IORZ FKDUW VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH  H[SODLQV WKH LWHUDWLYH
SURFHVVRIDUFSURSDJDWLRQ 
)LJXUH3URJUDPIORZFKDUW
 ())(&72):$7(53$57,&/(621
)/$6+29(5352%$%,/,7< 7ZR ZHWWLQJ VFHQDULRV ZHUH FKRVHQ  DQG  ZDWHU
)RXU GLVWLQFW FDVHV VKRZQ LQ 7DEOH  ZHUH DQDO\]HG 7ZR SDUWLFOHVFP UHSUHVHQWLQJ VSDUVH DQG GHQVH ZDWHU SDUWLFOH
(6'' YDOXHV ZHUH VHOHFWHG  PJFP UHSUHVHQWLQJ KLJK GLVWULEXWLRQ EHWZHHQ VKHGV UHVSHFWLYHO\ ,QVXODWRU GLPHQVLRQ
FRQWDPLQDWLRQDQGPJFPUHSUHVHQWLQJORZFRQWDPLQDWLRQ LVVKRZQLQ)LJXUHDQGWKHVXSSO\YROWDJHLVN9
1040
 J. He and R. S. Gorur: Flashover of Insulators in a Wet Environment

(OHFWULFILHOGGLVWULEXWLRQDORQJOHDNDJHGLVWDQFH N9PP
7DEOH)RXU'LIIHUHQW6LPXODWLRQ&DVHV
 
&DVH1XPEHU 1XPEHURIZDWHUSDUWLFOHV (6'' PJFP  :LWKZDWHUSDUWLFOHV
FP  1RZDWHUSDUWLFOH

  
  
   
  

)LJXUH D VKRZV WKH HOHFWULF ILHOG GLVWULEXWLRQ DORQJ WKH
OHDNDJHGLVWDQFHZLWKGHQVHZDWHUSDUWLFOHGLVWULEXWLRQIRUORZ 
(6'' YDOXH 7KH HQODUJHG YLHZ RI )LJXUH D FORVH WR +9
HOHFWURGH LV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH E WR FRPSDUH ZLWK WKH HOHFWULF 

ILHOG ZLWK DQG ZLWKRXW VXVSHQGHG ZDWHU SDUWLFOHV 6LPLODUO\



)LJXUHVDDQGEVKRZWKHHOHFWULFILHOGGLVWULEXWLRQDORQJWKH
OHDNDJHGLVWDQFHZLWKGHQVHZDWHUSDUWLFOHGLVWULEXWLRQIRUKLJK  
(6'' YDOXH )RU VSDUVH ZDWHU SDUWLFOHV HOHFWULF ILHOG       
,QVXODWRUOHDNDJHGLVWDQFH PP
GLVWULEXWLRQ DORQJ OHDNDJH GLVWDQFH LV LQ EHWZHHQ WKH ILHOG 
GLVWULEXWLRQVRIGHQVHZDWHUSDUWLFOHVDQGQRSDUWLFOHFDVHV )LJXUHE(QODUJHGYLHZRI)LJXUHDFORVHWR+9HOHFWURGH
(OHFWULFILHOGGLVWULEXWLRQDORQJOHDNDJHGLVWDQFH N9PP

(OHFWULFILHOGGLVWULEXWLRQDORQJOHDNDJHGLVWDQFH N9PP






















       

,QVXODWRUOHDNDJHGLVWDQFH PP        
 ,QVXODWRUOHDNDJHGLVWDQFH PP
)LJXUH D (OHFWULF ILHOG GLVWULEXWLRQ DORQJ WKH OHDNDJH GLVWDQFH ZLWK GHQVH 
ZDWHUSDUWLFOHVGLVWULEXWLRQEHWZHHQVKHGV (6'' PJFP  )LJXUH D (OHFWULF ILHOG GLVWULEXWLRQ DORQJ WKH OHDNDJH GLVWDQFH ZLWK GHQVH
ZDWHUSDUWLFOHVGLVWULEXWLRQEHWZHHQVKHGV (6'' PJFP 
)URP )LJXUHV  DQG  LW FDQ EH REVHUYHG WKDW ZDWHU
SDUWLFOHVOHDGWRVLJQLILFDQWHOHFWULFILHOGGLVWRUWLRQLQDLU7KH
(OHFWULFILHOGGLVWULEXWLRQDORQJOHDNDJHGLVWDQFH N9PP

PD[LPXP HOHFWULF ILHOG DORQJ WKH OHDNDJH GLVWDQFH ZLWK  


:LWKZDWHUSDUWLFOHV
VXVSHQGHGZDWHUSDUWLFOHVLVODUJHUWKDQWKDWWKHILHOGZLWKRXW 1RZDWHUSDUWLFOH
VXVSHQGHG ZDWHU SDUWLFOHV $GGLWLRQDOO\ WKH HOHFWULF ILHOG 

GLVWULEXWLRQEHFRPHVPRUHOLQHDUZLWKODUJH(6''YDOXHV

)LJXUHVDWRGVKRZWKHDUFMXPSLQJSUREDELOLW\IURPRQH
VKHGWRWKHQH[WORZHUVKHGIRUWKHIRXUFDVHVLQ7DEOH 

7DEOH  VKRZV WKH PHDQ DQG VWDQGDUG GHYLDWLRQ RI DUF



MXPSLQJSUREDELOLW\LQIRXUFDVHV7DEOHVKRZVWKDWWKHPHDQ
RI DUF MXPSLQJ SUREDELOLW\ LQFUHDVHV ZLWK WKH GHQVH SDUWLFOH 
GLVWULEXWLRQDQGODUJH(6''YDOXHV,QDGGLWLRQWKHGHQVLW\RI
SDUWLFOH GLVWULEXWLRQ LV WKH GRPLQDQW IDFWRU WR DIIHFW WKH WRWDO 

QXPEHURIDUFMXPSLQJZKLOH(6''YDOXHVVOLJKWO\LQIOXHQFH
WKHWRWDOQXPEHURIDUFMXPSLQJ  
      
,QVXODWRUOHDNDJHGLVWDQFH PP
7KHVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQRIDUFMXPSLQJSUREDELOLW\LVODUJHU 
ZLWKWKHORZHU(6''YDOXHZKLFKVKRZVWKDWDUFMXPSLQJLV )LJXUHE(QODUJHGYLHZRI)LJXUHDFORVHWR+9HOHFWURGH
PRUH OLNHO\ WR RFFXU DW WKH LQVXODWRU VKHGV FORVH WR +9
HOHFWURGH ZKHQ (6'' YDOXH LV VPDOO )URP VLPXODWLRQ
REVHUYDWLRQ WKLV W\SH RI DUF WUDFNV LV OHVV OLNHO\ WR FDXVH ZLWK ODUJH (6'' YDOXHV 7KH GHQVLW\ RI SDUWLFOH GLVWULEXWLRQ
IODVKRYHU ZKHQ FRPSDUHG WR WKH DUF WUDFNV MXPSLQJ DW DQ\ GRHVQRWKDYHVLJQLILFDQWLPSDFWRQWKHVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQRI
ORFDWLRQRIWKHLQVXODWRU7KHUHIRUHIODVKRYHULVLQFOLQHGWRRFFXU DUFMXPSLQJSUREDELOLW\
IEEE
 Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 24, No. 2; April 2017 1041
 
3UREDELOLW\RIDUFMXPSLQJEHWZHHQVKHGV 

3UREDELOLW\RIDUFMXPSLQJEHWZHHQVKHGV 
 
 
 
+9 +9
 

 
*1'
 

 

 

 
*1'
 
       
6KHGQXPEHU
 6KHGQXPEHU

)LJXUHD7KHDUFMXPSLQJSUREDELOLW\IURPRQHVKHGWRWKHQH[W&DVH )LJXUHG7KHDUFMXPSLQJSUREDELOLW\IURPRQHVKHGWRWKHQH[W&DVH

 7KH IODVKRYHU SUREDELOLW\ DV IXQFWLRQV RI (6'' XQGHU


3UREDELOLW\RIDUFMXPSLQJEHWZHHQVKHGV 

 GLIIHUHQWGHQVLW\RIZDWHUSDUWLFOHVLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH,WFDQ
 EH QRWHG WKDW WKH GHQVLW\ RI ZDWHU SDUWLFOHV DIIHFWV WKH

IODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\VLJQLILFDQWO\ 

 
'HQVHSDUWLFOHV

 6SDUVHSDUWLFOHV
+9
 1RSDUWLFOH
*1' 
)ODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\ 








    
6KHGQXPEHU
 
)LJXUHE7KHDUFMXPSLQJSUREDELOLW\IURPRQHVKHGWRWKHQH[W&DVH




3UREDELOLW\RIDUFMXPSLQJEHWZHHQVKHGV 

+9   
  
  ×
 
(6'' PJFP 

)LJXUH)ODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\DVDIXQFWLRQRI(6''XQGHUGLIIHUHQWGHQVLW\
 RIZDWHUSDUWLFOHV


 7KH  IODVKRYHU YROWDJH RI WKH VDPH LQVXODWRU DV D


 IXQFWLRQRI(6''YDOXHVLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH 

 
 IODVKRYHUYROWDJHZLWKGHQVHSDUWLFOHV
*1'  IODVKRYHUYROWDJHZLWKVSDUVHSDUWLFOHV

    IODVKRYHUYROWDJHZLWKQRSDUWLFOH

6KHGQXPEHU


)LJXUHF7KHDUFMXPSLQJSUREDELOLW\IURPRQHVKHGWRWKHQH[W&DVH
)ODVKRYHUYROWDJH N9


7DEOH7KHPHDQDQGVWDQGDUGGHYLDWLRQRIDUFMXPSLQJSUREDELOLW\ 
 'HQVH 6SDUVH 'HQVH 6SDUVH 
SDUWLFOHDQG SDUWLFOHDQG SDUWLFOHDQG SDUWLFOHDQG
KLJK(6'' KLJK(6'' ORZ(6'' ORZ(6'' 
&DVH  &DVH  &DVH  &DVH  
0HDQRIDUF
MXPSLQJ     
SUREDELOLW\     
6WDQGDUG   
GHYLDWLRQRI (6'' PJFP


DUFMXPSLQJ
    
SUREDELOLW\ )LJXUHIODVKRYHUYROWDJHDVDIXQFWLRQRI(6''YDOXHV
1042
 J. He and R. S. Gorur: Flashover of Insulators in a Wet Environment

)LJXUHLQGLFDWHVWKDWWKHIODVKRYHUYROWDJHUHGXFHVZLWK ,Q)LJXUHDLQVXODWRUVKDQNGLDPHWHULVPP,Q)LJXUH
WKH LQFUHDVH RI WKH (6'' YDOXH DQG ZDWHU SDUWLFOH GHQVLW\ 7KH E LQVXODWRU VKDQN GLDPHWHU LV  PP ,QVXODWRU VKHG
GHFUHDVHLVPRUHQRWLFHDEOHZLWKORZHUWKDQZLWKKLJKHU(6'' GLDPHWHUDQGQXPEHURIVKHGVUHPDLQWKHVDPH 
7KH IODVKRYHU SUREDELOLW\ DV D IXQFWLRQ RI LQVXODWRU VKDQN
 52/(2),168/$725',0(16,216  GLDPHWHULVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH
,QVXODWRU GLPHQVLRQ DQG VKDSH DUH LPSRUWDQW IRU ERWK

SHUIRUPDQFHDQGPDQXIDFWXULQJ6LQFHWKHLQIOXHQFHRIGU\DUF
GLVWDQFH RQ IODVKRYHU SHUIRUPDQFH KDV EHHQ VWXGLHG HDUOLHU 

>@WKHHIIHFWVRILQVXODWRUVKDQNGLDPHWHUVKHGGLDPHWHU

)ODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\ 

DQG QXPEHU RI VKHGV DUH GLVFXVVHG LQ WKLV SDSHU ,QVXODWRU
SDUDPHWHUVRIWKHEDVHFDVHIRUFRPSDULVRQDUHVKRZQLQ7DEOH 

'HQVLW\RIZDWHUSDUWLFOHGLVWULEXWLRQLVVHOHFWHGDVFPWR

DQDO\]HWKHIODVKRYHUSHUIRUPDQFHXQGHUVHYHUHFRQWDPLQDWLRQ
FRQGLWLRQ (6'' YDOXH LV  PJFP WR VHW WKH IODVKRYHU 

SUREDELOLW\ DW  IRU WKH EDVH FDVH,Q DOO FDVHV SURYLGHG LQ 
WKLV VHFWLRQ WKH GLPHQVLRQV VHOHFWHG DUH LQ FRPSOLDQFH ZLWK
,(&76>@ 

7DEOH,QVXODWRUSDUDPHWHUVRIEDVHFDVH 
      
3DUDPHWHUV 9DOXHV ,QVXODWRUVKDQNGLDPHWHU PP
9ROWDJHOHYHO N9  

(6'' PJFP   )LJXUH)ODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\DVDIXQFWLRQRILQVXODWRUVKDQNGLDPHWHUV
:DWHUGURSOHWVGLVWULEXWLRQ FP  
6KHGGLDPHWHU PP   )URP )LJXUH  LW LV FRQFOXGHG WKDW VWDWLRQ LQVXODWRU ZLWK
6KDQNGLDPHWHU PP   ODUJHVKDQNGLDPHWHUKDVKLJKHUIODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\WKDQOLQH
1XPEHURIVKHGV 
'U\DUFGLVWDQFH PP  
LQVXODWRU ZLWK VPDOO VKDQN GLDPHWHU EHFDXVH WKH ODUJH VKDQN
)ODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\    GLDPHWHUUHGXFHVWKHVXUIDFHUHVLVWDQFH
7KH VFKHPDWLF RI OLQH LQVXODWRUV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW VKHG
$ ORQJ URG LQVXODWRU SRUFHODLQ RU FRPSRVLWH  DQG D SRVW
GLDPHWHUVDUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUH
LQVXODWRU KDYH VLJQLILFDQW GLIIHUHQFH LQ VKDSH DV VKRZQ LQ
)LJXUH

 
D /RQJURGLQVXODWRU           E 3RVWLQVXODWRU  
)LJXUH  ,PDJHVRIORQJURGDQGSRVWLQVXODWRU 
   D                          E 
7KH VFKHPDWLF RI WKHVH LQVXODWRUV XVHG IRU PRGHOLQJ LV
VKRZQLQ)LJXUH )LJXUH,QVXODWRUZLWKGLIIHUHQWLQVXODWRUVKHGGLDPHWHUV

PP
PP ,Q)LJXUHDLQVXODWRUVKHGGLDPHWHULVPP,Q)LJXUH
6KHG
E LQVXODWRU VKHG GLDPHWHU LV  PP ,QVXODWRU VKDQN
PP
PP GLDPHWHUDQGQXPEHURIVKHGUHPDLQWKHVDPH
7KH IODVKRYHU SUREDELOLW\ DV D IXQFWLRQ RI LQVXODWRU VKHG
GLDPHWHULVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH
PP

)URP)LJXUHLWFDQEHVHHQWKDWLQFUHDVLQJVKHGGLDPHWHU
ZRXOGUHGXFHWKHIODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\LQLWLDOO\E\OHQJWKHQLQJ
6KHG
WKH OHDNDJH GLVWDQFH +RZHYHU WKH IODVKRYHU SUREDELOLW\
PP LQFUHDVHV ZKHQ VKHG GLDPHWHU H[FHHGV D FHUWDLQ YDOXH 
PP
 PP  EHFDXVH WKH GHFUHDVLQJ VXUIDFH UHVLVWDQFH EHFRPHV WKH
D                             E  PDLQ IDFWRU WR DIIHFW IODVKRYHU SHUIRUPDQFH 7KHUHIRUH WKH
)LJXUH7KHVFKHPDWLFRIWKHLQVXODWRUPRGHO RSWLPXPYDOXHRIVKHGGLDPHWHULVPP
IEEE
 Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Vol. 24, No. 2; April 2017 1043

 &21&/86,216
 $ VWDWLVWLFDO PRGHO GHYHORSHG EDVHG RQ HOHFWULF ILHOG
FDOFXODWLRQDQGUDQGRPZDONWKHRU\LVVKRZQWREHFDSDEOHRI
)ODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\ 


DQDO\]LQJIODVKRYHUSHUIRUPDQFHRILQVXODWRUVLQWKHFRPELQHG
SUHVHQFHRIZHWVXUIDFHVFRQWDPLQDWLRQDQGVXVSHQGHGZDWHU

SDUWLFOHV:DWHUSDUWLFOHVLQWKHVSDFHEHWZHHQVKHGVLQFUHDVHV
WKH LQVXODWRU IODVKRYHU SUREDELOLW\ HVSHFLDOO\ IRU WKH (6''

YDOXHV LQ WKH UDQJH  PJFP ZKLFK UHSUHVHQWV WKH
PDMRULW\ RI ORFDWLRQV 7KH UROH RI LQVXODWRU GLPHQVLRQV KDV

DOVR EHHQ HYDOXDWHG 7KHUH LV DQ RSWLPXP VKHG GLDPHWHU DQG
QXPEHU RI VKHGV RU D JLYHQ OHDNDJH EH\RQG ZKLFK WKH

LPSURYHPHQWLQIODVKRYHUSHUIRUPDQFHLVKDUGO\QRWLFHDEOH
      
,QVXODWRUVKHGGLDPHWHU PP  5()(5(1&(6
)LJXUH)ODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\DVDIXQFWLRQRILQVXODWRUVKHGGLDPHWHUV
>@ 56*RUXU($&KHUQH\DQG-7%XUQKDPOutdoor Insulators, Ravi
,QVXODWRUV RI VDPH GU\ DUF GLVWDQFH DQG GLIIHUHQW OHDNDJH S. Gorur Inc, 1999.
>@ B. F. Hampton, “Flashover Mechanism of Polluted Insulation”, IEE
GLVWDQFHVDUHVKRZQ)LJXUH Proc., Vol. 111, No. 5, pp. 985-990, 1964.
,Q)LJXUHDQXPEHURIVKHGVLV,Q)LJXUHEQXPEHU >@ H. C. Miller, "Surface Flashover of Insulators," IEEE Trans. Electr.
,QVXO9RO1RSS
RI VKHGV LV  ,QVXODWRU VKDQN DQG VKHG GLDPHWHU UHPDLQ WKH >@ ) $ 0 5L]NDQG ' + 1JX\HQ ³$& 6RXUFH,QVXODWRU ,QWHUDFWLRQ LQ
VDPH +9 3ROOXWLRQ 7HVWV´ ,((( 7UDQV 3RZHU $SS 6\VW 9RO  1R 
SS
>@ 7 & &KHQJ ' & -ROO\ DQG ' - .LQJ ³6XUIDFH )ODVKRYHU RI :DWHU
5HSHOODQW ,QVXODWRUV XQGHU 0RLVW &RQGLWLRQV´ ,((( 7UDQV (OHFWU
,QVXO9RO1RSS-XQH
>@ +(O.LVKN\DQG56*RUXU(OHFWULF)LHOGDQG(QHUJ\&RPSXWDWLRQ
RQ:HW,QVXODWLQJ6XUIDFHV,(((7UDQV'LHOHFWU(OHFWU,QVXO9RO
1RSS
>@ </LXDQG%;'X3DWWHUQLGHQWLILFDWLRQRIVXUIDFHIODVKRYHULQGXFHG
E\GLVFUHWHZDWHUGURSOHWVRQSRO\PHULQVXODWRU,(((7UDQV'LHOHFWU
(OHFWU,QVXO9RO1RSS
>@ 5 0DWVXRND 6 ,WR . 6DNDQLVKL DQG . 1DLWR )ODVKRYHU RQ
FRQWDPLQDWHG LQVXODWRUV ZLWK GLIIHUHQW GLDPHWHUV ,((( 7UDQV (OHFWU
,QVXO9RO1RSS
>@ +<DQJ-=KRX</L/3DQJ;<DQJ4=KDQJDQG;<X(IIHFW
RI 3URILOHV RQ $& &RQWDPLQDWLRQ )ODVKRYHU 3HUIRUPDQFH RI
 /DUJHWRQQDJH 6XVSHQVLRQ 'LVF ,QVXODWRUV ,((( 7UDQV 'LHOHFWU
   D                          E  (OHFWU,QVXO9RO1RSSU
>@ 76HWD.1DJDL.1DLWRDQG<+DVHJDZD6WXGLHVRQ3HUIRUPDQFH
)LJXUH,QVXODWRUZLWKGLIIHUHQWQXPEHURIVKHGV RI &RQWDPLQDWHG ,QVXODWRUV (QHUJL]HG ZLWK '& 9ROWDJH ,((( 7UDQV
3RZHU$SS6\VW9RO3$61RSS
7KH IODVKRYHU SUREDELOLW\ DV D IXQFWLRQ RI QXPEHU RI >@ 0 )DU]DQHK - =KDQJ DQG & 9RODW (IIHFW RI ,QVXODWRU 'LDPHWHU RQ
LQVXODWRU VKHGV LV VKRZQ LQ )LJXUH  ,W FDQ EH VHHQ WKDW $&)ODVKRYHU9ROWDJHRIDQ,FHFRYHUHG,QVXODWRU6WULQJ,(((7UDQV
DGGLQJQXPEHURIVKHGVUHGXFHVIODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\XSWRD 'LHOHFWU(OHFWU,QVXO9RO1RSS
>@ - +H DQG 5 6 *RUXU ³$ 3UREDELOLVWLF 0RGHO IRU ,QVXODWRU )ODVKRYHU
FHUWDLQ SRLQW GXH WR WKH DGGHG OHDNDJH GLVWDQFH EXW EH\RQG
XQGHU &RQWDPLQDWHG &RQGWLRQV´ ,((( 7UDQV 'LHOHFWU (OHFWU ,QVXO
WKLV WKH IODVKRYHU SHUIRUPDQFH LPSURYHPHQW LV QHJOLJLEOH DV 9RO1RSS
WKHDUFVFDQEULGJHWKHVKHGV,QWKLVFDVHWKHRSWLPDOQXPEHU >@ 1 0RUDOHV ( $VHQMR DQG $ 9DOGHQHJUR )LHOG 6ROXWLRQ LQ 3ROOXWHG
RIVKHGVLV ,QVXODWRUV ZLWK 1RQV\PPHWULF %RXQGDU\ &RQGLWLRQV ,((( 7UDQV
'LHOHFWU(OHFWU,QVXO9RO1RSS
 >@ 0 1 2 6DGLNX Monte Carlo Methods for Electromagnetics &5&
3UHVV
 >@ (%'\QNLQTheory of Markov Processes&RXULHU&RUSRUDWLRQ
>@ 0'1RVNRY$60DOLQRYVNL06DFNDQG$-6FKZDE0RGHOLQJ
)ODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\ 

RI 3DUWLDO 'LVFKDUJH 'HYHORSPHQW LQ (OHFWULFDO 7UHH &KDQQHOV ,(((


 7UDQV'LHOHFWU(OHFWU,QVXO9RO1RSS
>@ $ $EEDVL $ 6KD\HJDQL DQG . 1LD\HVK &RQWULEXWLRQ RI 'HVLJQ

3DUDPHWHUV RI 6L5 ,QVXODWRUV WR 7KHLU '& 3ROOXWLRQ )ODVKRYHU
3HUIRUPDQFH ,((( 7UDQV RQ 3RZHU 'HO 9RO  1R  SS

 >@ & 6 (QJHOEUHFKW 5 +DUWLQJV DQG - /XQGTXLVW 6WDWLVWLFDO
'LPHQVLRQLQJ RI ,QVXODWRUV ZLWK 5HVSHFW WR 3ROOXWHG &RQGLWLRQV ,((

3*HQHU7UDQVP'9RO1RSS
>@ ,(&76*XLGHIRU6HOHFWLRQDQG'LPHQVLRQLQJRI+LJKYROWDJH
,QVXODWRUV,QWHQGHGIRU3ROOXWHG&RQGLWLRQVSS

      
1XPEHURIVKHGV 
)LJXUH)ODVKRYHUSUREDELOLW\DVDIXQFWLRQRIWKHQXPEHURIVKHGV
1044
 J. He and R. S. Gorur: Flashover of Insulators in a Wet Environment
-LDKRQJ+HZDVERUQLQ1DQMLQJ&KLQDLQ+H 5DYL6*RUXU 0¶60¶)¶ LVDSURIHVVRULQ
UHFHLYHGWKH%DFKHORURI6FLHQFHGHJUHHLQHOHFWULFDO WKH (OHFWULFDO (QJLQHHULQJ 'HSDUWPHQW DW $UL]RQD
HQJLQHHULQJ IURP +RKDL 8QLYHUVLW\ 1DQMLQJ &KLQD 6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\ $68 +HKDVSXEOLVKHGDWH[WERRN
LQ7KHQKHUHFHLYHGKLV0DVWHURI6FLHQFHDQG RQ RXWGRRU LQVXODWRUV DQG FRDXWKRUHG RYHU 
3+'GHJUHHVIURP$UL]RQD6WDWH8QLYHUVLW\7HPSH SDSHUV LQ ,((( -RXUQDOV DQG &RQIHUHQFHV +H
86$+LVUHVHDUFKLQWHUHVWVLQFOXGHWKHHOHFWULFILHOG FKDLUHG WKH ,((( :RUNLQJ *URXSV RQ ,QVXODWRU
FRPSXWDWLRQ XVLQJ QXPHULFDO PHWKRGV LQ KLJK &RQWDPLQDWLRQ DQG 'LHOHFWULF $JHLQJ +H ZDV WKH
YROWDJH LQVXODWLRQ DUHD +H LV SUHVHQWO\ DQ DVVLVWDQW FKDLU RI D FRPPLWWHH WKDW SUHSDUHG ,((( VWDQGDUG
SURIHVVRULQ6RXWKHDVW8QLYHUVLW\&KLQD 3  RQ +LJK 9ROWDJH ,QVXODWRU &RDWLQJV +H
 VHUYHG DV WKH 86 UHSUHVHQWDWLYH IRU &,*5( VWXG\
 &RPPLWWHH ' +H ZDV HOHFWHG WR ,((( )HOORZ IRU FRQWULEXWLRQ WR DJLQJ RI
 SRO\PHULFPDWHULDOVXVHGIRURXWGRRU+9LQVXODWLRQ,QKHEHFDPHWKH
 &KDLU RI 7KH (OHFWULFDO DQG &RPSXWHU (QJLQHHULQJ 'HSDUWPHQW DW 7KH
 8QLYHUVLW\RI$ODEDPDLQ+XQWVYLOOH
 
 
 


























































You might also like