PRE TREATMENT METHODS IN THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL

Saponification is a treatment stage alongside acidification for removal of free fatty acid
from the waste soya bean oil, because the oil has been used to high level of FFA (free fatty acid)
so in order not to allow the production of soap affect the formation of biodiesel in esterification
process. Saponification is done to the soya bean oil to cause soap formation before the main
reaction which is esterification. In Saponification the catalyst NAOH is reacted with the waste
soya bean oil which causes the formation of soap. After saponification, produced sodium soap
treated with different amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid(Uddin, Ferdous, Uddin, Khan,
& Islam, 2013).

The soap is removed from the mixture through density in which the oil solution which
forms the biodiesel is removed from the soap formation. This allows better yield for the production
of biodiesel in the esterification process seeing that the soap formation has been reduced in the
pretreatment stage.

Esterification this is the process of producing biodiesel but unlike the saponification
process in which the NAOH take part in the reaction. In esterification process the NAOH acts as
the catalyst to reduce the activation energy. In this process methanol is reacted with the oil solution
gotten after the SAP process to produce biodiesel. In esterification reaction, the triglyceride
component of oil reacts with the alcohol in the presence of NaOH or any other catalyst to give
ester and glycerol (Raqeeb & Bhargavi, 2015).

CCO was weighed and heated to 60 ° C to begin saponification (DE acidified process). In order to
confirm the acid content (gram NaOH per liter CCO), the heated CCO was then titrated. The
sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH, additional NaOH, and water) has been prepared. Next, the
heated oil was slowly added to the sodium hydroxide solution, while the solution was stirred for 5
min at 50 rpm. The soap solution (the bottom phase) was isolated by gravity from the oil for a
duration of 5 h. The soap was then removed using a separate funnel. Instead, at ambient
temperature, the oily solution (the top phase) was washed with ice. Finally, the cleaned oil was
heated until the oil was clear before the biodiesel was produced by Trans esterification from the
de-acidified CCO. In 10 v percent of water based on the initial CCO, amounts of 0, 0.5 and 0.75
percent wt/v of additional sodium hydroxide were considered to determine the FFA conversion
(Prateepchaikul2, 2011)
DE acidified CCO was heated until the temperature reached 60 ° C for the trans esterification
process. The heated CCO's acid value was then checked to prepare the amount of sodium
hydroxide needed to neutralize. Slowly applied the sodium met oxide solution (MeOH and NaOH
(neutralizing agent and catalyst) to the oil. Until the reaction time was reached, the reaction was
conducted. First, agitation was stopped and the final solution was left to isolate glycerol (the
bottom phase) from crude biodiesel (the top phase) for 1 h in a separate funnel. Ultimately,
quantitative and qualitative testing confirmed the condition of cleaned biodiesel.
 Bibliography
Prateepchaikul2, S. J. (2011). Comparison of Biodiesel Production from High Free Fatty Acid, Crude
Coconut Oil via Saponification followed by Transesterification or a Two-Stage Process.

Raqeeb, M. A., & Bhargavi, R. (2015). Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. 7(12), 670–
681.

Uddin, M. R., Ferdous, K

., Uddin, M. R., Khan, M. R., & Islam, M. A. (2013). Synthesis of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking
Oil. 1(2), 22–26. https://doi.org/10.12691/ces-1-2-2