MOS Mh Bede 2 2017 @ oe os ae Sr, a te a an jetoraidsnunsen snot ap were rte cos ns ‘lipemic see rnc Us ee adh part ss ame nye ci a tt SESSA SHE Zeke reek Po Soa 2encotcnaahe Be egal ry wp ye nyt Cite ee Cas db m MOST The ve 2/2007 CONTENTS ' FROM CONTEMPORARY CROATIAN ESSAYS Bota Peat Laie dela eer cas .. Balls impresons de sega. Ivica Mate Sate Sun an er iden -On the oe Sam (Se) ‘iran Ali - Bors Demag Bie The poeta netic or babi? aj Loven: CVs Ge: La at de che Devoe Ses Hise pice debe - Bor Pes: De Summ er Wich Zi Unies "on Boi) Raakve Box Rado Ws ol aa uns werden? Dub ead Bama Cin contr - Brak Pinon: La xc de hile '# ON TRANSLATIONS OF CRONTIAN LITERATURE ABROAD (Gojko Boi Neu de Kreatchen goschfnlrs Mia Ke ‘hiks Deuchen Obencaunplentar "LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND NATIONAL IDENTITY = 37TH ZAGREB LITERARY TALES (29 Oe 2010) Bots Pea Indy eh. Yonge Chol Ler maton Mac Cnn: Conon inal ett inthe nary tnd soles der of Conan a Maple Dyas Recanatucton of ey in Cit snd eal tear spt nsMOE The Hs ane ‘Wier work within langage (nd sometine more tha on) which they rae thee own, a wll taunt. Revolt psn uadlon Isa ion in Ise whe dhe fron of any avantgarde inves 2 wopian and ronan ‘econzvtion ofthe pas, shuld be apart fora bundeed year: since dda ‘was generar at Cabaret Vein wary Zi by india om the oth aod fom dhe Balan ith Tian Tera 82 dubious heinsman). This {mbiderour her than ambiguous connection r agape conf hs 8 take back = writ laton ro nasonl Ment bees es what (he is yoo being eaely cha. Conditions af eile, eave ot socal asa, and ‘efigeedom compound the conraran sisions Wringin eae nd he exe tf wtingbeomicone. In senuated circumstances sn aac on the non cst be denied a rene impulse fc some ofthe mos accompli ofipring sf harman fo cramp, Thomas Berard or Efe Juice the cae of ‘Austin whch kad eeped en for tpt before the fl of the etn Wall ‘on acount of ks borden wat the Cold Wat, "Nevethele leraty Rower in the bouquets of bl anole emai is conccinble eat of rm the toa ru of thle clan, een though language inde mechani cht can make what is income = cones thle Thi oe limite ro sch prima nance shove of Gece of Teli. ‘The asi has Greate emai frm of feed, Merry Ubey «annor be oly he ibeny ob teary. rs als the argument of ean f- ‘our office, While thea fe preva tha chrecn be na redo without {haan or wih, eentue remains thorn on the side oF isto Yo thes fo history without erature. orgs Choularas is Greck poet whose wo has bee publ in Eaglsh ‘canton in sch pessoal and stole athe Haran Review Te fue ‘ove, gh, Poy, World Literate Today, and Naw Burpee Po ‘2 Osher lingua cade Crain (U reds tas, Nikola Dari), ‘rec isan, Jpanee, and Tush, He has published numerous ey and ‘tantions in English nd Gres, awl prove He ar anaded he Academy of Athens Ouranis Prine frie weak la Usenet in 2014 Born in Thess Jon he ed and woke foe many yeas nthe Unie Sas, mosy New York, a well arin Canad and Doblin, before ering to Athen He ha been laced Vice Peden of the Hellenic Author’ Socey, the Grek Liray Cal econ Agency, the Tse Sens Wastes 8 Tanda Counc and other teary vermectutaonatin Met the dg ane MACIEJ CZERWINSKI = CROATIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY IN THE LITERARY AND NONLITERARY CODES OF COMMUNISM omni practic soften both ered and lexpce a a delb- ete temp sipping nol tao or even thir epton [This view sins om the acampion tut the Commis Helogy — \honght1o be sent internationals conary to atonal desege Bu inal Eaern European counties of Real Socialism, Commis price Was dlneced towards the appropriation and adoption, and lima the sbase of ‘ational dons, and ao owas their comple elimination. Even he most ‘gd Comma courier were in ther vey esene ani, Inthe Soi Union, ofl policy was in esence, Rustaniston under che pulse of Sov sii. The offical Sole clue was primary Ruslan (he ofc Russian {peril radon and ite Fundamental myth mere empha), incdig he LEngge the Sos ing fee war snob Reston. Th Communist Ygolv both i clue and in polis, both cena snd centigetl focseare tthe fre smalanensy Desi the fae that on tral tendncier wee atong the ete landscape of Yaga cle seme ‘mor like « muldimensionl moc composed of atonal alts her han 1 wif model sina tothe Sri ooe. The Communi silo stem ‘es not ball pase nol aon, but ws inser in the exiting ton] Images As et, yb cods were ceed thar lated the Communist det be merged with ational codes "There exits the conviction that he lemation ofthe Cron ational ade, 1 wells he othe non eoes in Yogev, isthe onsquence of eben tf thle aguins che pen an the Dsetin on tS end Nee ofthe Coton Leary Langue (1967) the Crs Spring(971), Hower, hse hy codes seem eo ave bea birthed much ear than hts A inporane ince of enpharir of Contanboed i found, fr example, nthe oi name ofthe Communist magaine Vomit (Heald), whose ass ding the 1940 ‘vas Yih narod rane Hoa (Hr oft National Font of Cate and Ine Ve ojilitig seas rady meade Hr | Heal of he Sei lane of te Wrking Pople of Cai. This Wa, of cute, te re of 2 fedeaton ofthe Paran Movement Pay and the ne Yuga st“The then Vem consined pages ene Throgh Oar Homeland bringing the mos important evens Bu nr homeland wat not Yogi, rene would 2 Sue, but Casa (xe pages brovght only sews fm Croatian cia). Oar Jomelnd he iagary par of er country ~ ers vo Croan and 0 Yager eit. “his merging of the Croan naonal cade with che Commas code o=- cured surprisingly eva inthe mos protected legend ofthe Communist Move- tment dhe legend of World Wr Ik The most important canonical narve Of the Wa wa ede eo the nation hati wes» cl we in which domestic facia orthe bourse came ino conf, Given tis penpece, he Prin Communi, who were porayed peacemakers, emporeed members of all the non o nie fn = muggle asia com, bch orgy and domestic Sich an idologeme insoduced an Ineviable dichotomy ln the perception of rl: Patna perng members fl mation, se god, whl the Usthas (Cro apd Main) a wicked [Lure of ore onl one of the domains of communication, though ie Function in breathe idenogy of ety a iy more than ob ‘ou, Thanks tos palphony ad final, ete oud te he vans ‘anonclpetceptins of che Wat Literate was the fist wo chalenge some of the ideologies of che Wa sich a Patan mori he bine of & Init ft, the tro of Pars squadrons In some ese, ch bverive imagecy was supesed even by represion, but kite they became one of he ‘mow imporan ator that preted the eration of shared memory ofthe ‘Warand of common Vago imagery. A unifing for ceased wo ex, and atthe same tie ements tha wee and tha emai) aro wih ech thee fom te very beginnings sare mein And there ar-~ the nina nde, “Vladins Nazor was the it oe the ils ofthe pony af highlghtig ‘Croatian speci wih he famewok of the Communist deol At the Teginning of the War he ein Zar eomme cven im tht he wie an oe 1 Ane Poel but in 1942 be ied the Parse In his memoin, be pes ‘lly pone our thatthe Prin Movement wat + Ceoacan and not Yughay Imotement ln is mario to he Pans, we end he fling ) Shce the ines when our old Croatian Kings ruled, Coots have alway ben foc fig fr somebody de for the Habu fr sone ings of Hungary then Jeli ehered theme ght asin the Hungatiane for Fam Jompls thy fought with one pene den some other general nd then thio someone sin and ter did thos poor Crone hed ‘lod fr ter coun.) Capel ar 2 Goat You etic Communi fight and work now flowing Commit metbods, The mesa Bing, us a nding, not ying! You are he Bn who cin sve the Croan nation from a ea posisn, which i was lathe day Ife yeeday” (Nazar 1945/1986 12). ‘Thecontamination ofthe Communi (unrna in the quote bor) and ne ona sels Gi bod inthe quote bow) allows he autor to mug one ‘der hat could be hough of danger esta of ti socom with the (Crouan Una, So aso be alto male soch statement the author bad to ‘the ume tie compromise the Independent Sa of Croatia (NDF. Fo hin, "the apealed Independent Sexe of Croats” wa oft “nither Inder oe + Sale alone roa’ Nanos mers ovate independence, and el the ‘Comrie flower of the old adhion~ headin of Crean rer aed ther aac. In hia, he saceedr in presen the Crt code whe ie tancouly eric the Unt ford elaboration with Hier whic ii bo way content che Croat lbeavan spd sete tadion. Flom ths een, the Croatian get namely the Zinta the Feankopan. theFrerunner ofthe lender of the Patan, namely Jp Brot Tt, Pca Tansbecame theater of fel los, which a parade because the Yogosey “Maral ~ openly athe very leet ~ hated theca ye. On the oh and. howe, hed ey al the aiuto dhe much hated Fein snd the Bourgeois cigs, nary uniforms, ings, cour ie, Tahe pose that wat emeping inne afer Wold WI the xegony ‘of Cioaahood was no at pronounced sa Nanor, bu was nepal ne in lence eter, Fr example, Augustin Speves story "Zastava na oat” ("Hagan 2 Church Tower" 1950} docrib the propaga scan ofthe P= ‘sansa Dalat thesia of which war co win vou wh tbe populate ‘Communi Movement. Thanks 0 thet heroic and i con, he Pasi Jnang Bago church omer. "When che Par red, Kalo hang the Coos tan ag with dhe Giv-poined sar" (Spt 1950 291). Communi ology oes noe condi atonal radon nd the amr ae ice do 9 om pee with Croutian auton symbol, bt her complement hem, Te adn wo the heros mate whch as pare pronounced a Soca Realm, «diferent model of qerioning the conic fom she 1540s slowly stared curing Coaan prove Ieconsst ofthe spec (I) the eabaon (of Home Guns walls che waiion ofthe Croat Pesan Paty (25S), (2) the afumaton ofthe Sae Amici Counc for de Nationa Libeason fof Crease (ZAVNOH) forthe pupore of Crating the Nasonal Liberason “Movement, 2) the afimation ofthe weak hr, a metonyny and parable of (Croan whos noca warMe He Hs a ime Guards were alfemed in public debate io the te 19605 Mower te- sure makes fom forsch posi considerably exter, ead inthe 1940, Faceramplein Jota Horas ores poe (Fr Vico, 1946). Emp ‘hi ies comes olight adhe novel Mat pad mom Cat der eet, 1962) Home Guards ae noe depicted wicked une he Usaha pe ns who were cose by fre int thea fhe Army (many of whom, ly the way ended pining the Pars) Te fat of the ome Guat rors ‘he NDE eles to Kees vison of Wold War (fn Bg Mar! ratan Ged Mar, 1922) pense fom Zagoie coneieed no the Habcbrg Amy Lyre was sen ro the umknown fof Gal The man dd not know wh he was fighting fr and why. Thr was nx hi war, bu he war of ome pr. Asin Would War, tbe Home Guar, dh fle pci, der waren Work Warll x well ‘Apr fom the halon of Home Gans mcwhat ater pat of HSS vera Radi and Mak (though the ler mach sequen Ips who wee sigmaie immediatly fer the War a natn entered the Imagery postive protgoni in she 1960s and 1970s, On 7 Jun 197, the ‘over hese ofthe ofa oi (no, 8728) pied the flowing "Span Radié~ An Adve of che Fxecity ofall Our Naons” (Wit 197121, While on ofthe tiles ed the fllonng "The Nacional Libertion War chee ‘he ida for whch Gubec and Radi and many eter Reoe died Vjemit 19713). “The Coatnson ofthe Partin Movement, hi the highlighting ofthe ‘Croatian charac ofthe Nedorl ibraton Wi ako sckieved by the af Frmason of ZAVNOH. This particu appen in eu Supek wi poe, foc example, nhs wove med mah Bec Line of Wa, 1959) and rr ubenom semen Discovery of Lt Te, 1987) eas itreing ‘onze ha the ew ono he ft nove eile Di omer inj (io bee Line of Wer, 1995) sabaniyalacedIn che new eo the thor ples mor ena on dhe posite role of HSS and he Home Gor, Sehich thee ae ony tcesofin the ft eion. ZAVNOH ital highlighted in itoriography In 196, he journal Kal by Marx Crosses pubis scene papers inch the Communist Moveren presented a ootnuaon of the od ofthe Catan Param, However ratnary hits ae eid Fornochaving pointed out elie the carl and oppressive nate of thiol body ldhough tis poved thatthe Sate Anns Coun for he National Liberation of Coa (and nthe Anis Counl for ee Nasional Lenton of Vago) cold ot ex without the Croan Palen td with he fis tal organist edo Callao sae" Crosti naon- lovey bar bee gen acer exprenion onthe fortion of ZAVNOH™ (Caliove 1946 26 Ine way the Communist Menement ir conepaainet 23 Crom and aot Yona movement, and fed ot on Yon, but the Ste of Cnt. This iden culminsted ding the Croan Spring of 1971, both in istanrapy td plitkal dour e Caer 2016). "The yb code whch ws crested by having salamat hee of ios ‘an spect in Communion paved te way fr the concept of Cra ul ‘ur sbjcivig a6 wel independence We Making thi eoncepe cate served the ele of Cosi 3 mad aperand nur the wea of ate ona. Eapassng he lel pets paradigmatic ti elton of one ofthe moseimporaneielogens in Coan imagery eat la nine {nye warlation ino the Communi iom. Croatia ate law bad on he onicton dat Croup gl abject ~ despite asonereg te not bavngexised since 1102 hasbeen peered in the mind of pia eles tnd in cla none which ae a constenation of he Tun Kingdom or the King of Coal. Thi presupposes that Crone + maj that decide independemiyon heir wm destiny, anda inal he malnaonal ater bie ‘pesicy andthe uric fee ats ba been preserved tat aw hae ben ‘symbole by poi insitaions the Paiament she ban and the muni Pal aw This cation ofthe conveon of subj enabled in he 19h ena the ceaton af he pit ides of unfeton ofall te ads wich were consiered to be Coun and which ween diferent ee ald membre ‘dees reared pany. This sported by the Croan Paina in lessens by way ference othe Ltn provers gam mg on prac lee (Onekingiom dos nox preside las forthe other. Tir was sen in thei Sg pina Hungarians inthe aparian polis cavitonment, withthe Habsburgs, ad ter mith the Se and with Yaga Thi eniment bse ecply ood in the Costa imagery hak 6 bos eae (Annan Gast Mato and he pola iorograpbie dicouse (Franjo Tada). ‘And Bally the mea protons. In he many war novels pla fe 1950 hemos prominent chars otal Parana anon ‘ellaci an adver of wate, nae dsinguith Bewcen delogi 3p- ‘hs, He i suetched bern iar and heel fw, a theca in Iran Kan noe Reape ema (Srtched bereen 1938, Sec protgpist 163 yp igure of x Crostian ofthe second hal ofthe 20 canary Hs Jes thera a al pronounced or he il nsec of, which ands in sea conast with he postales of hr who Sighs the copie ah ley and beri. Sach wes he pps in che novel of Vek Kaleb (Ponte Hamalted Se, Cao Psa (Nob mr ve Yoube GotOS Te da 1 gre ‘0 Love Someone, Wa Suel, Keto Spa (Gaede oo Tom and Laur nko Marinkové (ep) Cy). However, his wea heros ota fom Zagore atin Kets, log theta ake by thee ene she mening lene of warandSihing inthe mame of nother Such conepualtion af svar pated the way forthe fundamental Crstian concep which wa 0 cl ‘ata 1990: portying Cent nie ental Paci nor ar xenily (Connie The fie of he Conan man ws tar id noc Know what wat ‘appeingin tbe War and hatin ern, he could at act according his pee cnc in thir wy, ro Care formed in dite and at wa wih en ‘ther, but inked by bok sing forthe sme pa: ean independent Coe ‘Thi gal nit the, Such nara — which was non-cuonal called the ‘ecociton beeen the (cle ofthe) Uta andthe Partians~ sare {aking shape inthe 190s and Iter, and the neon in pss Tae, in ‘tologphy (Macan, Blandi) or on fn (Vides Dig mln no Lang cdr nigh bus alin itera In Miho Sabor book Nl spade ‘the Eat of te Wer, 197) de Home Guards capece in Burg (i Kile ‘Motels, Tek, Sees), having eae been consepral int the NOH Army lyfe, ar yeas ~ arin Word War lee the mercies of ome nt, ‘tthe acne Usaha, and then the Engle, who vlc and ‘them ove tothe Partisan Sabeloiés boo the main hero, Fabian Kraan Fala shearer of he paleo he Croatian man fhe 20h ceniry ets conesped by fone int the al ofthe Home Guards Olly, be a ‘ves Blur becomes a member ofthe Lage of Communi, paces In he Croan Sprig, de tote rpreion of Seth Commis be emia {0 Germany, nd seus o Coats fight for independence athe Homeland ‘iar Inthe end on heared selon end Jen aie hare wat 4 member ofthe Deparnent fr Pople Protection (OZNA) at Bburg- They ‘were om opposite side then, and aw ths ew war ules the wo. Noes Com ‘munis and ap Usash, but a member ofthe OZNA and « Home Gua. Bath {ne Coonan pti but i a ocd he in compere difeen les, ‘Al hie clemens of he Croatian mary of war the rehab o Home Guards and hghlighing both ZAVNOH and the wee ero = ae sme at detining se opener of she tstion which Cronin have Found them ‘cvs in, Code contamination has faltated the ving of Coun eaditon in ‘he Commins mulation tate, bt ha a the rame ime led ro the yi ‘on af a0 ony she idlom stale erin, but alo the enc imagey edo Clone (1946, "Sabor Hevl,Hrl Kl, Zayed: Masa Hes, Pp 220275 oT | | | | | | | LE Mas te i Macg Ceri (2016), Nout — tr rae omni, Rij lot “ani 102016, L Badin BEN Pat), Rap. 95, ‘Viadmir Neo (1945/1986), Spareaning Zarb: Spite Augustin Sip (1950), Ne gun, Zagres Zo Mac srw ia profesor of lilog athe Jailonian Univesity in ‘iakow and taster Hiseearch ner incade emote and the temaie theory of elute heorcthe theory of ert, yr and soln. He the stor of fur books, over one hundred set ape and veal ‘esp and aides In 205 he publ the book eh Mi nc Poli eos Chora yk mdi, 2011 Sonic gaunt — sie is a 2012 Semionke dhe buoreenge. Chrwaci bie at dee ard an in 2015 Klar dp enck Onc ois ook wat ante in (Croatian: Nae anal. Hr Le inte nacional poriet (Mar- sti end Sipe, Craton and Seri Sth of Nasal Histo) To 207, Ih coeied the clletd papers Joi a Samay Hat, enero, ‘pa Vip how Sosmayer Cai. Enamenion Far) the wut oc ‘erence opie in Krakow in 2005 In 2011, he cone bing bard ‘monogtph&sepnt fom 188, cated Kralor ~ Zepeda album pore ‘radia pores 1880 godine (Koka 20 Zar An Album Debate ‘he Vics ofthe 1880 Eartha) Heirs member fhe ternational toa ofthe oul Finnie os Riek, and 2 theme itor of oe journal Saji He ies member ofthe Ethno Lingle Commision o eI ‘ernaoal Congres of Slavs an the Se Caltze Commision ofthe Pah ‘Aeademy of Are He tude in Know and conducted longs esearch proj le Univer and she University ofena He wa sting poor in Ra td Zags He haa publed hort pose and poe ace carinsdst