ISO 45001 2018 - Easy Version PDF

© Akhil K Garg .
Standard ISO 45001:2018 OHSMS Easy Version Page 1 of 13
Introduction
In March 2018, ISO added to its widely used kitty of Standard ISO 45001:2018 is also no exception. As a
management-system standards, its first result, all the ‘requirements’ under this Standard,
Occupational Health and Safety Management their mutual relationships, their intent, their
Systems (OHSMS) standard ISO 45001:2018. As mandated content/coverage, etc, may not be
mandated for all management-system standards, clearly understood and appreciated. This threatens
this new OHSMS standard also uses ‘common the OHSMS in organizations, based on this
clause sequence, text and terminology’ stipulated Standard, to remain patchy, and maybe not
under Annex SL, Appendix 2, ISO/IEC Directives, addressing all the wonderfully crafted
Part 1, Consolidated ISO Supplement, 2014. ‘requirements’ under this Standard, or may not be
addressing all the ‘requirements’ in the desired
The author has always noticed - throughout his
perspective and with desired weightage.
extensive experience as a management-systems
expert, consultant, trainer and auditor since 1996 - The author has been addressing this issue of ISO’s
that the users of ISO’s management-system management-system standards by imparting
standards, including consultants and auditors, find clarity on the requirements of such Standards
these standards quite difficult to comprehend, through his training programmes and interactions.
despite the fact that ISO always defines and Earlier, he had shared on www.acedamia.edu his
explains all the terms used in such standards. Main easily-understandable version of standard ISO
reason for this is that the text specifying the 14001:2015, which was widely liked and used.
‘requirements’ in these ISO standards uses quite
Now on similar lines, the author, presents this
complex syntax, sentence-structures, etc. Most of
easily understandable version of standard ISO
the times, many diverse ‘requirements’ are
45001:2018 for the use of all serious readers of this
included in single complex sentences. Onetime
Standard, specially consultants, trainers and
requirements (eg, to formulate the system) are
certification-body auditors.
also at times mixed-up with the continuing
requirements (eg, to implement the system).
Before proceeding further, the author presents below a simplified ‘process structure model’ of this Standard.
Process Structure Model of ISO 45001:2018

OHSMS
Leadership and Worker Participation Processes

(Clause 5)
Planning Processes Support Processes

(Clause 6) (Clause 7)
Operational Processes
(Clause 8)
Improvement Processes Performance Evaluation

(Clause 10) Processes (Clause 9)
(March 2019) by Akhil K Garg, Management Systems Expert & CB Auditor Published on: www.academia.edu Page 1 of 13
© Akhil K Garg . Standard ISO 45001:2018 OHSMS Easy Version Page 2 of 13
About this document

ISO 45001:2018 OHSMS standard uses verbal form ‘shall’ to specify a ‘requirement’. All such requirements have ‘equal
importance’, and compliance to all of them is ‘mandatory’ to claim compliance with this Standard. In this Standard, all
such ‘requirements’ are placed under the headings of 56 clauses and sub-clauses.
In this document, the author has used the following methods to make this Standard more clearly understandable.
1. Clause numbers and clause headings in this document have been kept exactly the same as under the Standard by ISO.
Those representing ‘only titles’, not containing any text (total 16), have been shaded here for their easy visual demarcation.
2. All ‘requirements’ under reaming 40 clauses/sub-clauses have been freely bulletized additionally in this document for easy
understanding. Verbal form ‘shall’ has not been used. Numbered bullets (eg, ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’ etc; and ‘1’, ‘2’, ‘3’ etc) are kept same
here as under the Standard by ISO for easy traceability. Additional bullets added here for clarity have been kept unnumbered.
3. Wording used in the Standard by ISO to specify ‘requirements’ have been kept unchanged in this document to prevent any
miscommunication. However, syntax, sentence-structures, punctuation and/or word-forms have been modified to impart
clarity, and/or to suit to the adopted syntax and bulleting - but without affecting the original meaning in any manner.
4. For interlinking of various ‘requirements’, references of clause numbers have also been added freely in this document,
appearing under bracket as (ref ….), wherever relevant, but not provided in the Standard by ISO. Those provided in the
Standard by ISO have been retained as such here under bracket as (see ….).
5. All the ‘requirements’ in the Standard by ISO have been suitably differentiated here under every clause, as follows.
Requirements ‘to create OHSMS’ (total 325 requirements) – specified by following terms used by ISO:
(meanings given below taken from ISO Online browsing platform, referred under clause 3 of the Standard)
“DETERMINE” means ‘find out one or more characteristics and their chrematistic values’
“ESTABLISH” means ‘determine by theoretical evaluation and confirm by experimentation’
“PLAN” means ‘prearrange’
“DEFINE” means ‘identify the specific actions required to produce intended outcome’
“ASSESS” means ‘ascertain related knowledge, skills, abilities or other characteristics’
Mandates, against above Requirements ‘to create OHSMS’, specified by following terms used by ISO:
“ Include” means ‘have the related information or its reference presented’
“Consider” means ‘it is necessary to think about the topic but it can be excluded’ - ref A.3.b of ISO 45001:2018
“ Take into account” means ‘it is necessary to think about the topic but it cannot be excluded’ - ref A.3.b of ISO 45001:2018
“Document” referred in the Standard as ‘maintain documented information’ - ref A.3.f of the Standard
Requirements ‘to implement OHSMS’ (total 213 requirements) – specified by following terms by ISO:
“Undertake / ensure / implement / maintain / improve / provide / etc”
Mandates, against above Requirement ‘to implement OHSMS’, specified by the following term:
“Record” referred in the Standard as ‘retain documented information as evidence of …’; ‘the phrase ‘as evidence of….’ is
not a requirement to meet legal evidentiary requirements, its intent is only to indicate objective evidence needs to
be retained’ - ref A.3.f of the Standard
Some other terms used in ISO 45001:2018 (also used as such in this document):
“Appropriate” means ‘suitable for/to and implies some degree of freedom’ - ref A.3.c of the Standard
“Applicable” means ‘relevant or possible to apply and implies that if it can be done, it shall be done’ - ref A.3.c of the Standard
“Ensure” means ‘the responsibility can be delegated, but not the accountability to make sure that concerned action is performed’
- ref A.3.c of Standard
At places, ‘notes’ have also been given in the Standard (also retained as such in this document) ‘for guidance
in understanding or clarifying the associated requirement’ – ref 0.5, last para, of the Standard.
Summary of ‘Requirements’ under ISO 45001:2018

(Only indicative, to present relative emphases under the Standard)
Requirements (213)
Number of Requirements (325) ‘To Create OHSMS’
Main Clause of 'To Implement OHSMS’
Sub-clauses
ISO 45001:2018 Total
Determine
Establish
Take into
Consider
Execute,
account
Assess
Include
specifying
Define
Document Record
Plan
specifying Requirements
etc
Requirements (list on last page) (list on last page)
4: Context of the Organization 4 11 2 14 3 2 1 3 3 39

5: Leadership and worker participation 4 1 10 9 2 62 84
6: Planning 8 19 16 9 2 6 5 47 19 13 136
7: Support 9 14 2 4 1 5 31 7 64
8: Operation 7 13 2 24 1 5 24 5 74
9: Performance evaluation 5 13 7 2 32 11 27 6 98
10: Improvement 3 1 4 6 29 3 43
59 54 11 4 6 89 20 55 27 189 24 538
Total: 40 All total: 538 Requirements
(Word ‘shall’ appears only 90 times in the Standard, but cover all the above ‘requirements’)
Standard ISO 45001:2018 Easy Version

Clause and Requirements:
 To create the OHSMS – In normal font (ISO terms, retained here - DETERMINE / ESTABLISH / PLAN / DEFINE / ASSESS )
 To implement OHSMS – In italicised font (ISO terms, retained here - Undertake / ensure / implement / maintain / provide / etc )
Mandates against a Requirement: (ISO terms, retained here - Include / Take into account / Consider / Document / Record )
Clause 1 (scope), clause 2 (normative reference) and clause 3 (terms and definitions) under the Standard have not been included here for obvious reason.
4 – CONTEXT OF THE ORGANIZATION

4.1: Understanding the organization and its context
DETERMINE - external issues, and - internal issues; …. that:
- are relevant to the purpose of the organization, and - affect organization’s ability to achieve the intended outcome of OHSMS.
4.2: Understanding the needs and expectations of workers and other interested parties
DETERMINE:
a. Other interested parties, in addition to workers, that are relevant to the OHSMS;
b. Relevant - needs, and - expectations … (ie, requirements) … of workers and other interested parties; and
c. Which of these needs and expectations - are, or - could become … compliance obligations for the organization.
4.3: Determining the scope of the OHSMS
 DETERMINE: - the boundaries of the OHSMS, and - the applicability of the OHSMS.
 ESTABLISH the scope of the OHSMS, based on the above.
o When determining the scope of OHSMS:
a. Consider - External issues (4.1), and - Internal issues (4.1);
b. Take into account the requirements of workers and other interested parties (4.2.b);
c. Take into account - planned work-related activities, and - performed work-related activities.
o (‘Include in OHSMS’ required under 3rd para of this clause has been included under 4.4 below, since relevant there)
Document: Established scope of the OHSMS
4.4: OH&S management system
 ESTABLISH the OHSMS … in accordance with the requirements of this Standard.
 Implement the above established OHSMS.
 Maintain the above implemented OHSMS.
 Continually improve the above maintained OHSMS.
For establishing the OHSMS:
o Include:
- Processes needed, - Interactions of these processes,
- The - activities, - products, and - services …. within - organization’s control, OR - organization’s influence,
that can impact organization’s OH&S performance (required under clause 4.3, but relevant here to list),
- - Documents, and - records .. required by this Standard (required under clause 7.5.1.a, but relevant here to list),
- - Documents, and - records .. of internal origin determined by the organization as being necessary for the
effectiveness of OHSMS (required under clause 7.5.1.b, but relevant here to list),
- - Documents, and - records … of external origin determined by the organization under 7.5.3 as being necessary for
the effectiveness of OHSMS (required under clause 7.5.1.b, but relevant here to list);
o Consider: the outcome of - 4.1, - 4.2, and - 4.3 (required under clause 6.1.1, para-1, but relevant here to list); and
o Take into account, determined - legal requirements, and - other requirements (required under clause 6.1.3.c, but
relevant here to list).
5 – LEADERSHIP AND WORKER PARTICIPATION

5.1: Leadership and commitment
Top management to demonstrate its leadership and commitment towards the OHSMS by:
a. Taking - overall responsibility, and - overall accountability … for:
o The prevention of work-related injury and ill health,
o The provision of - safe workplaces, and - safe activities, and
o The provision of - healthy workplaces, and - healthy activities;
b. Ensuring that
o OH&S policy is established,
o Related OH&S objectives are established, and
o Both the above are compatible with the strategic direction of the organization;
c. Ensuring the integration of the OHS MS requirements into the organization’s business processes;
NOTE: Reference to “business” in this International Standard can be interpreted broadly to mean those activities that are core to the purposes of the organization’s existence.
d. Ensuring that needed resources are available to - establish, - implement, - maintain, - continually improve .. the OHSMS;
e. Communicating:
o The importance of effective OH&S management, and
o The importance of conforming to the OHS MS requirements;
f. Ensuring that the OHS MS achieves its intended outcome(s) [clause 0.2 of the Standard may be cross referred here];
g. - Directing, and - supporting … persons to contribute to the effectiveness of the OHS MS ;

h. – Ensuring, and - promoting … continual improvement;
i. Supporting other relevant management roles to demonstrate their leadership as it applies to their areas of responsibility;
j. – Developing, - leading, and - promoting … a culture in the organization that supports the intended outcomes of OHSMS;
k. Protecting workers from reprisals when they report - incidents, - hazards, - risks, and - opportunities;
l. Ensuring that process(es) are - established, and - implemented … for - consultation, and - participation of workers (see
5.4); and
m. Supporting the - establishment, and - functioning … of health and safety committees (see 5.4.e).
5.2: OH&S policy
 Top management to ESTABLISH OH&S policy that:
a. Is appropriate to:
- the purpose of the organization, - the size of the organization, - the context of the organization (ref 4.1 to 4.4),
- specific nature of organization’s OH&S risks (ref 6.1.2.2.a), and - specific nature of organization’s OH&S opportunities (ref 6.1.2.3.a);
b. Provides a framework for setting OH&S objectives; and
o Is relevant and appropriate.
 Top management to implement the above established OH&S policy.
 Top management to maintain the above implemented OH&S policy.
 Communicate above established OH&S policy within the organization.
 Keep above established policy available to interested parties, as appropriate (ref 4.2.a).
Include following in the OH&S policy:
o (‘a’ under the clause) Commitment to provide the following … for prevention of work-related injury and ill health:
- safe working conditions, and - healthy working conditions;
o (‘c’ under the clause) Commitment to fulfil - legal requirements, and - other requirements … (ref 6.1.3);
o (‘d’ under the clause) Commitment - to eliminate hazards, and - to reduce OH&S risks … (see 8.1.2);
o (‘e’ under the clause) Commitment to continual improvement of the OHSMS (ref 10.3);
o (‘f’ under the clause) Commitment to - consultation with, and - participation of … workers, and workers’
representatives where exist (ref 5.4).
Document: Established OH&S policy
5.3: Organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities
 Top management to:
o Ensure that the responsibilities and authorities for relevant roles within OHSMS are: - assigned, and - communicated
… at all levels within the organization.
o Assign the responsibilities and authorities for:
a. Ensuring that the OHSMS conforms to the requirements of this Standard;
b. Reporting on the performance of OHSMS to top management.
 Workers at each level to assume responsibility for those aspects of OHSMS over which they have control.
NOTE: While responsibility and authority can be assigned, ultimate top management is still accountable for the functioning of the OH&S management system.
Document: Assigned responsibilities and authorities for relevant roles within OHSMS
5.4: Consultation and participation of workers
 ESTABLISH the process(es) for:
o Consultations with workers at all applicable levels and functions, and workers’ representatives where exist, and
o Participation of workers at all applicable levels and functions, and workers’ representatives where exist …..
… for - development, - planning, - implementation, - performance evaluation, and - improvement actions ... of the OHSMS.
 Implement the above established process(es).
 Maintain the above implemented process(es).
 Provide the following:
a. - mechanism, - time, - training, and - resources … necessary for above consultation and participation;
b. Timely access to - clear, - understandable, and - relevant … information about OHSMS.
NOTE 1: Worker representation can be a mechanism for consultation and participation.
c. DETERMINE the obstacles or barriers to participation.
c. Remove above determined obstacles or barriers.
c. Minimize those of the above determined obstacles or barriers that cannot be removed.
NOTE 2: Obstacles and barriers can include failure to respond to worker inputs or suggestions, language or literacy barriers, reprisals or threats of reprisals and policies or practices that
discourage or penalize worker participation.
d. Emphasize the ‘consultation’ of non-managerial workers on the following:
1. Determining the needs and expectations of interested parties (see 4.2),
2. Establishing the OH&S policy (see 5.2),
3. Assigning applicable organizational roles, responsibilities and authorities (see 5.3),
4. Determining how to fulfil legal requirements and other requirements (see 6.1.3),

5. Establishing OH&S objectives and planning to achieve them (see 6.2),
6. Determining applicable controls for outsourcing, procurement and contractors (see 8.1.4),
7. Determining what needs to be monitored, measured and evaluated (see 9.1),
8. Planning, establishing, implementing and maintaining audit programme(s) (see 9.2.2),
9. Ensuring continual improvement (see 10.3).
e. Emphasize the ‘participation’ of non-managerial workers in the following:
1. Determining the mechanism for their consultation and participation,
2. Identifying hazards (see 6.1.1), and assessing risks and opportunities (see 6.1.2),
3. Determining actions to eliminate hazards and reduce OH&S risks (see 6.1.4),
4. Determining competence requirements, training needs, training, and evaluating training (see 7.2),
5. Determining what needs to be communicated and how this will be done (see 7.4),
6. Determining control measures and their effective implementation and use (see 8.1, 8.1.3 and 8.2),
7. Investigating incidents and nonconformities, and determining corrective actions (see 10.2).
NOTE 3: Establishing the consultation and participation of non-managerial workers is intended to apply to persons carrying out the work activities, but not intended to exclude for
example, managers who are impacted by work activities or other factors in the organization.
NOTE 4: It is recognized that the provision of training at no cost to the workers and the provision of training during working hours, where possible, can remove significant barriers to
worker participation.
6 - PLANNING
6.1 – Actions to address risks and opportunities (R&O)
6.1.1: (Actions to address R&O) General
 DETERMINE: - the risks, and - the opportunities ….. that need to be addressed to:
o Give assurance that the OHSMS can achieve its intended outcome(s),
o Prevent, or reduce, undesired effects, and
o Achieve continual improvement.
 DETERMINE and ASSESS the following - risks, and - opportunities, in organization’s planning processes (total 14, as required under 6.1.2 to 6.1.4):
o That are relevant to the intended outcome of OHSMS due to changes in the organization,
o That are relevant to the processes of the organization, or
o That are relevant to the OHSMS of the organization.
 Undertake above assessments for planned changes, whether permanent or temporary, before the change is implemented (see 8.1.3).
(‘Considerations for planning of OHSMS’ as required under 1st para under this clause in the Standard have been included
under 4.4 above, since relevant there)
Take into account the following, when determining above risks and opportunities for OHSMS and its intended outcomes:
- Hazards (see 6.1.2.1), - OH&S risks (see 6.1.2.2.a), and - other risks (see 6.1.2.2.b),
- OH&S opportunities (see 6.1.2.3.a), and - other opportunities (see 6.1.2.3.b), and
- Legal requirements (see 6.1.3), and - other requirements (see 6.1.3).
Document: Determined risks & opportunities need to be addressed – ref 1st & 2nd bullets above
Document: Planning-process(es)/action-plans to determine/assess and address risks and
opportunities of organization (total 14, see list on last page) – ref 2nd bullet above
6.1.2: (Actions to address R&O) Hazard identification and assessment of risks and opportunities
6.1.2.1: (Actions to address R&O, Hazard identification and assessment of R&O) Hazard identification
 ESTABLISH a process(es) for hazard identification, that is - ongoing, and - proactive.
Take into account, at least the following, for establishing the above process(es):
a. - how work is organized, - social factors (including workload, work hours, victimization, harassment, bullying),
- leadership, and - culture … in the organization;
b. hazards arising from:
- routine activities, - nonroutine activities, - routine situations, - non-routine situations
- infrastructure/equipment, - materials/substances, - physical conditions of workplace
- product/service design, - research/development/testing, - production/assembly/construction/service-delivery,
- maintenance, - disposal, - human factors, and - how the work is performed;
c. past relevant incidents, internal or external to the organization, including emergencies, and their causes;
d. potential emergency situations;
e. people, including:
1. those with access to the workplace and activities, including workers, contractors, visitors, and other persons;
2. those in the vicinity of the workplace who can be affected by the activities of the organization; and
3. workers at a location not under the direct control of the organization;
f. other issues, including consideration of:
1. the design of work-areas, processes, installations, machinery, equipment, operating-procedures, work-
organization, including their adaptation to the needs and capabilities of the workers involved;

2. situations occurring in the vicinity of the workplace under the control of the organization, caused by work-
related activities;
3. situations occurring in the vicinity of the workplace not controlled by the organization, and that can cause
injury and ill health to persons in the workplace;
g. actual or proposed changes in organization, operations, processes, activities and OHSMS (see 8.1.3);
h. changes in knowledge of, and information about, hazards
6.1.2.2: (Actions to address R&O, Hazard identification & assessment of R&O) Assessment of OH&S risks and other risks to the OHSMS
 ESTABLISH a process(es) to:
a. ASSESS OH&S risks from the above identified hazards, and
b. DETERMINE and ASSESS other risks related to - establishment, - implementation, - operation, and - maintenance … of OHSMS.
 DEFINE - methodology(s) and - criteria for assessing OH&S risks (ref ‘a’ above) in terms of their - scope, - nature, and - timing … to ensure:
o That they are proactive rather than reactive, and
o That they are used in a systematic way.
Take into account the effectiveness of existing controls, for assessment of OH&S risks – ref ‘a’ under 1st bullet above.
Document: Defined methodology(s) & criteria for assessing OH&S risks – ref 4th bullet above
Record: Assessment of OH&S risks against above defined methodology(s) &
criteria – ref 4th bullet above
6.1.2.3: (Actions to address R&O, Hazard identification & assessment of R&O) Assessment of OH&S opportunities and other opportunities
to the OHSMS
 ESTABLISH a process(es) to ASSESS following opportunities:
a. OH&S opportunities to enhance OH&S performance;
1. Opportunities to, - adapt work, - work organization, and - work environment … to workers;
2. Opportunities to, - eliminate hazards, and - reduce OH&S risks;
b. Other opportunities for improving the OHSMS.
NOTE : OH&S risks and OH&S opportunities can result in other risks and other opportunities to the organization.
Take into account the following, for assessment of OH&S opportunities – ref ‘a’ under 1st bullet above.
o Planned changes to: - the organization, - its policies, - its processes, and - its activities.
6.1.3: (Actions to address R&O) Determination of legal requirements and other requirements
 ESTABLISH a process(es) to:
a. DETERMINE: - legal requirements, and - other requirements … that are applicable to its - hazards, - OH&S risks, and - OHSMS.
o Have access to up-to-date legal requirements and other requirements, as determined above.
b. DETERMINE how these above determined legal requirements and other requirements apply to the organization.
o DETERMINE what needs to be communicated about above determined legal requirements and other requirements.
 Ensure that above documents are updated to reflect any changes.
NOTE: Legal requirements and other requirements can result in risks and opportunities to the organization.
(‘Taking-into-account for OHSMS’ as required under ‘c’ of this clause have been included under 4.4, since relevant there)
Document: Determined legal requirements and other requirements, their applicability to the
organization, and their communication requirements
Record: Updation and communication of determined legal requirements and
other requirements
6.1.4: (Actions to address R&O) Planning action
a. PLAN actions to:
1. Address above determined/assessed - risks (see 6.1.2.2), and - opportunities (see 6.1.2.3);
2. Address above determined - legal requirements, and - other requirements (see 6.1.3);
3. - Prepare for, and - respond to … emergency situations (see 8.2).
b. PLAN:
1. How to integrate and implement the above actions into organization’s OHSMS processes, or other business processes;
2. How to evaluate the effectiveness of above actions.
Take into account, for above planning for actions, - Hierarchy of controls (see 8.1.2), and - Outputs from OHSMS.
Consider the following for above planning for actions:
- Best practices; - Technological options of the organization; - Financial requirements of the organization;
- Operational requirements of the organization; and - Business requirements of the organization.

6.2 – OH&S objectives and planning to achieve them
6.2.1: OH&S objectives
 ESTABLISH OH&S objectives at relevant functions and levels of the organization …
(in order to - maintain, and - continually improve … the - OHSMS, and - OH&S performance), that are:
a. Consistent with the OH&S policy (ref 5.2); b. Measurable, if practicable, or capable of performance evaluation;
 Ensure that the above established OH&S objectives are:
d. Monitored; e. Communicated; and f. Updated, as appropriate.
Take into account while establishing above OH&S objectives (ref ‘c’ under the clause):
1. Applicable requirements
2. Results of assessments of - risks (see 6.1.2.2), and - opportunities (see 6.1.2.3); and
3. Results of communication with workers and workers’ representatives if exist (see 5,4)
Document: Established OH&S objectives (ref 6.2.2, last para under the Standard)
6.2.2: Planning to achieve OH&S objectives
 PLAN, how to achieve the established OH&S objectives (ref 6.2.1).
 DETERMINE, under above planning:
a. What will be done, b. What resources will be required, c. Who will be responsible, d. When it will be completed,
e. How the results will be evaluated, e. What will be the indicators for monitoring the achievement, and
f. How the actions to achieve OH&S objectives will be integrated into organization’s business processes.
Document: Plans of achieving OH&S objectives
Record: Achievements of OH&S objectives
7 – SUPPORT
7.1: Resources
 DETERMINE the resources needed to: - establish, - implement, - maintain, and - continually improve ….. the OHSMS.
 Provide the above determined resources.
7.2: Competence
a. DETERMINE workers’ necessary competence, that - affects, or - can affect, … organization’s OH&S performance.
b. Ensure that workers are competent (including the ability to identify hazards – ref 5.4.e.2) on the basis of appropriate:
- education, - training, or - experience;
c. Where applicable, take actions - to acquire, and - to maintain … the necessary competence;
c. Evaluate the effectiveness of the above taken actions.
NOTE: Applicable actions can include, for example, the provision of training to, the mentoring of, or the re-assignment of currently employed persons; or the hiring or contracting of
competent persons.
Record: For evidence of competence (total 4) – ref ‘a’ ‘b’ & ‘c’ above
7.3: Awareness
Ensure that workers are aware of:
a. The OH&S policy (ref 5.2);
a. The OH&S objectives (ref 6.2.1)
b. Their contributions to the effectiveness of the OHSMS;
b. The benefits of improved OH&S performance;
c. The implications of not conforming with the requirements of OHSMS;
c. The potential consequences of not conforming with the requirements of OHSMS;
d. Incidents that are relevant to them (ref 10.2);
d. The outcome of investigations of above incidents (ref 10.2);
e. Their relevant - hazards (ref 6.1.1), - OH&S risks (ref 6.1.2.2.a), and - determined actions (ref 6.1.4);
f. The ability (ie, the permission to them) to remove themselves from work situations that they consider having an imminent and
serious danger to - their own life, and - their own health; and
f. Arrangements for protecting them from undue consequences for removing themselves from dangerous work situations, as above.
7.4 - Communication
7.4.1: (Communication) General
 ESTABLISH the process(es) needed for - internal communications relevant to OHSMS, and - external communications relevant to OHSMS.
 Ensure that OH&S information, which is communicated through above process(es):
- is consistent with the information generated within the OHSMS, and - is reliable.
 Respond to relevant communications received on organization’s OHSMS.

For establishing above communication process(es):
o Include: a. On what, b. When, c. With whom [ie, 1. internally (levels & functions of organization),
2. contractors & visitors to workplace, and 3. among other interested parties (ref 4.2)], and d. How … to communicate;
o Take into account - diversity aspects (eg, gender, language, culture, literacy, disability),
- legal requirements (ref 6.1.3), and - other requirements (ref 6.1.3); and
o Consider views of external interested parties.
Record: For evidence of internal communication - ref 2nd, 3rd & 4th bullets
Record: For evidence of external communication - ref 2nd, 3rd & 4th bullets
Record: For evidence of responses on received communication - ref 5th bullet
7.4.2: (Communication) Internal communication
a. Internally communicate appropriate information, - relevant to the OHSMS, and - on changes to the OHSMS …
…. among various levels and functions of organization.
b. Ensure that the communication processes (ref 7.4.1) enable workers to contribute to continual improvement.
7.4.3: (Communication) External communication
Externally communicate information (also required under 7.4.1, 2nd and 3rd bullet),
- as relevant to the OHSMS, and - as per the established processes of the organization (ref 7.4.1).
Take into account, for above communication, - legal requirements (ref 6.1.3), and - other requirements (ref 6.1.3).
7.5 – Documented information
7.5.1: (Documented information) General
a. (‘Inclusion under OHSMS’ as required under ‘a’ of this clause has been included under 4.4 above, since relevant there)
b. (‘Inclusion under OHSMS’ as required under ‘b’ of this clause has been included under 4.4 above, since relevant there)
b. DETERMINE documented information (= documents and records), both of - internal origin, and - external origin, … necessary for the
effectiveness of the OHSMS. (also refer 7.5.3, 3rd bullet).
NOTE: The extent of documented information for an OH&S management system can differ from one organization to another due to:
- the size of organization and its type of activities, processes, products and services;
- the need to demonstrate fulfilment of legal requirements and other requirements;
- the complexity of processes and their interactions;
- the competence of workers.
7.5.2: (Documented information) Creating and updating
Ensure the following, when creating and updating documents and records:
a. Appropriate identification and description (eg, a title, date, author, or reference number);
b. Appropriate format (eg, language, software version, graphics);
b. Appropriate media (eg, paper, electronic);
c. Appropriate review for suitability and adequacy;
c. Appropriate approval for suitability and adequacy.
7.5.3: (Documented information) Control of documented information
 Control the documents and records, - required by the OHSMS, and - required by this Standard …. to ensure that:
a. These are: - available, and - suitable for use ….. where and when needed;
b. These are adequately protected (eg, from loss of confidentiality, improper use, or loss of integrity).
 Address the following activities, as applicable, for the above control:
- distribution, - access, - retrieval, - use, - storage, - preservation, including of legibility,
- control of changes (eg, version control), - retention; and - disposition.
NOTE 1: Access can imply a decision regarding the permission to view the documented information only, or the permission and authority to view and change the documented information.
NOTE 2: Access to relevant documented information includes access by workers, and, where they exist, workers’ representatives.
 DETERMINE documented information (= documents and records) of external origin, which are necessary,
- for the planning of the OHSMS, and - for the operation of the planned OHSMS.
 Identify as appropriate, and control the above determined external documents and records.
8 - OPERATION
8.1: Operational planning and control
8.1.1: (Operational planning and control) General
 ESTABLISH the processes needed:
o to meet the requirements of the OHSMS, and
o to implement the actions determined to address risks and opportunities (ref 6.1.4), and
o to implement the actions determined to achieve OH&S objectives (ref 6.2.2);
by:
a. ESTABLISHING criteria for the processes,
b. Implementing control of the processes, in accordance with above established criteria,

d. Adapting work to workers.
 Implement the above established processes.
 Control the above implemented processes.
 Maintain the above controlled processes.
 Coordinate the relevant parts of the OHSMS with other organizations, at multi-employer workplaces.
Document: Above established processes of operational planning & control (total 3)
– ref 1st bullet above; and ‘c’ under the clause in the Standard.
Record: Results of execution of above processes (total 3)
– ref bullets 2 to 4 above; and ‘c’ under the clause in the Standard.
8.1.2: (Operational planning and control) Eliminating hazards and reducing OH&S risks
 ESTABLISH a process(es), using following hierarchy of controls, for - elimination of hazards (ref 6.1.2.1), and - reduction of OH&S risks (ref 6.1.2.2.a):
a. eliminate the hazard;
b. substitute with less hazardous processes, operations, materials or equipment;
c. use engineering controls and reorganization of work;
d. use administrative controls, including training;
e. use adequate personal protective equipment.
NOTE : In many countries, legal requirements and other requirements include the requirement that personal protective equipment (PPE) is provided at no cost to workers.
8.1.3: (Operational planning and control) Management of change
 ESTABLISH a process(es), for the following changes that impact OH&S performance:
- Implementation of planned temporary changes, - Control of planned temporary changed,
- Implementation of planned permanent changes, and - Control of planned permanent changes.
 Review the consequences of unintended changes.
 Take necessary action to mitigate any adverse effects of unintended changes.
NOTE : Changes can result in risks and opportunities.
Include the changes to the following, while establishing above process(es):
a. - New products, - services, & - processes; or changes to - existing products, - services, & - processes, including:
— workplace locations, — workplace surroundings, — work organization,
— working conditions, — equipment, — work force;
b. Changes to - legal requirements (ref 6.1.3), and - other requirements (ref 6.1.3);
c. Changes in knowledge or information about - hazards (ref 6.1.2.1), and - OH&S risks (ref 6.1.2.2.a);
d. Developments in - knowledge, and - technology.
8.1.4: (Operational planning and control) Procurement
8.1.4.1: (Operational planning and control, Procurement) General
 ESTABLISH a process(es) to control the procurement of - products, and - services … to ensure their conformity to organization’s OHSMS.
8.1.4.2: (Operational planning and control, Procurement) Contractors
 Coordinate procurement process(es) with its contractors to,
- identify hazards, - assess OH&S risks, and - control the OH&S risks …. arising from the following:
a. Contractors’ activities and operations that impact the organization,
b. Organization’s activities and operations that impact the contractors’ workers, and
c. Contractors’ activities and operations that impact other interested parties in the workplace.
 Ensure that the requirements of organization’s OHSMS are met by contractors and their workers.
 DEFINE OH&S criteria for the selection of contractors in organization’s procurement process(es).
 Apply above defined OH&S criteria for the selection of contractors.
NOTE : It can be helpful to include the occupational health and safety criteria for the selection of contractors in the contractual documents.
8.1.4.3: (Operational planning and control, Procurement) Outsourcing
 Ensure that outsourced functions and processes of the organization are controlled.
 DEFINE, within the OHSMS - the type of control, and - the degree of control … to be applied to above outsourced functions and processes.
 Apply the above defined controls on outsourced functions and processes.
 Ensure that organization’s outsourcing arrangements are consistent with the following:
- with legal requirements, - with other requirements, and - with achieving the intended outcomes of the OHSMS.
NOTE : Coordination with external providers can assist an organization to address any impact that outsourcing has on its OH&S performance.

8.2: Emergency preparedness and response

 ESTABLISH a process(es) needed to, - prepare for, and - respond to …. potential emergency situations as identified in 6.1.2.1.d.
Under above established process(es):
Include
a. An established planned response to emergency situations, including the provision of first aid,
b. Providing training for the planned response,
c. Periodically testing and exercising the planned response capability.
d. Evaluating performance and, as necessary, revising the planned response, including after testing and in particular
after the occurrence of emergency situations,
e. Communicating and providing relevant information to all workers on their duties and responsibilities,
f. Communicating relevant information to contractors, visitors, emergency response services, government authorities
and, as appropriate, the local community; and
Take into account
g. The needs and capabilities of all relevant interested parties and ensuring their involvement, as appropriate, in the
development of the planned response.
Document: Established processes and plans (total 2) – ref 1st bullet and ‘a’ above
Record: Results of implementation of above processes and plans (total 2)
– ref bullets 2 & 3, and ‘b’ to ‘g’ above
9 – PERFORMANCE EVALUATION
9.1 - Monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation
9.1.1: (Monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation) General
 ESTABLISH a process(es) for, - monitoring, - measurement, - analysis, and - performance evaluation.
 DETERMINE:
a. - What needs to be monitored, and - what needs to be measured;
b. The applicable methods for - monitoring, - measurement, - analysis, and - performance evaluation … to ensure valid results;
c. The criteria against which organization’s OH&S performance will be evaluated;
d. When to perform monitoring and measurement; and
e. When to - analyse, - evaluate, and - communicate … the results from above performed monitoring and measurement.
 Evaluate the OH&S performance of the organization.
 Based on the above evaluation, determine the effectiveness of organization’s OHSMS.
 Ensure that monitoring/measuring equipment is - calibrated or verified, as applicable, - used, - maintained as appropriate.
NOTE : There can be legal requirements or other requirements (e.g. national or international standards) concerning the calibration or verification of monitoring and measuring equipment.
Include the following under ‘what needs to be monitored and measured’ (ref ‘a’ above):
1. The extent to which legal requirements and other requirements (ref 6.1.3) are fulfilled,
2. Organization’s activities and operations related to identified hazards, risks and opportunities (ref 6.1.2),
3. Progress towards achievement of organization’s OH&S objectives (ref 6.2), and
4. Effectiveness of operational and other controls (ref 8.1).
Record: Results of monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance
evaluation – ref bullets 2, 3, 5, 6 above
Record: Results of maintenance/calibration/verification of measuring &
monitoring equipment – ref last bullet above
9.1.2: (Monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation) Evaluation of compliance
 ESTABLISH a process(es) for evaluating organization’s compliance with - legal requirements, and - other requirements (see 6.1.3).
a. DETERMINE the - frequency, and - method(s) … for the evaluation of compliance.
b. Evaluate the compliance, based on the above.
b. Take action if needed (see 10.2), on findings of above evaluation.
c. Maintain knowledge and understanding of organization’s compliance status with - legal requirements, and - other requirements.
Record: Results of evaluation of compliance – ref ‘b’ above; ‘d’ in clause of Standard

9.2 – Internal audit
9.2.1: (Internal audit) General
 PLAN the interval for internal audits … to provide information on whether the OHSMS:
a. Conforms to: (1) organization’s own requirements for its OHSMS, OH&S policy & OH&S objectives, and (2) the requirements of this Standard;
b. Is effectively implemented and maintained.
 Conduct internal audits at above planned intervals to provide above required information.
9.2.2: (Internal audit) Internal audit programme
a. PLAN and ESTABLISH an internal audit programme(s).
a. Implement the above established internal audit programme(s).
a. Maintain the above implemented internal audit programme(s).
b. For each audit, DEFINE - the audit criteria, and - the scope of audit;
c. Select auditors to ensure objectivity and impartiality of the audit process;
c. Conduct audits to ensure objectivity and impartiality of the audit process;
d. Ensure that the audit results are reported to relevant management.
d. Ensure that relevant audit results are reported to workers and workers’ representatives if exist (ref 5.4.d.8).
d. Ensure that relevant audit results are reported to other relevant interested parties.
e. Take actions to address nonconformities (ref 10.2).
e. Take actions to improve organization’s OH&S performance.
Audit programmes (ref ‘a’ above) to:
o Include - frequency, - methods, - responsibilities, - consultation, - planning requirements, and - reporting methods;
o Consider: - importance of the concerned processes, and - the results of previous audits.
Record: Implementation of established audit program
– ref ‘a’ above; and ‘f’’ under the clause of Standard
Record: Results of conducted audits – ref ‘c’ above; ‘f’’ under clause of Standard
9.3: Management review
 PLAN the interval for reviews of organization’s OHSMS … to ensure,
- its continuing suitability, - its continuing adequacy, and - its continuing effectiveness.
 Top management to conduct reviews of OHSMS at above planned intervals to ensure as required.
 Top management to communicate the relevant outputs (= decisions) of above conducted management reviews to workers and
workers’ representatives if exist (see 7.4).
o Include the following for the consideration (= agenda) of above management review:
a. The status of actions from previous management reviews;
b. Changes in:
o - External issues, and - internal issues …. that are relevant to the OHSMS (ref 4.1),
1. - Needs, and - expectations …. of interested parties (ref 4.2),
2. - legal requirements, and - other requirements … (ref 6.1.3),
3. - Risks (ref 6.1.2.2), and - opportunities (6.1.2.3);
c. Extent to which - OH&S policy (ref 5.2), - OH&S objectives (ref 6.2) … have been met;
d. Information on the OH&S performance of the organization (ref 9.1.1, 5th bullet), including trends in:
1. - Incidents, - nonconformities, - corrective actions (ref 10.2), and - continual improvement (ref 10.3),
2. Monitoring and measuring results (ref 9.1.1),
3. Results of evaluation of compliance with - legal requirements, and - other requirements (ref 9.1.2),
4. Audit results (ref 9.2),
5. Consultation and participation of workers (ref 5.4),
6. - Risks (ref 6.1.2.2), and - opportunities (ref 6.1.2.3);
e. Adequacy of resources for maintaining an effective OHSMS (ref 7.1);
f. Relevant communication(s) with interested parties (ref 7.4.1, 5th bullet);
g. Opportunities for continual improvement (ref 10.3).
o Include decisions related to the following, for the outputs (=decisions) of above management review:
- Continuing - suitability, - adequacy, and - effectiveness … of OHSMS in achieving its intended outcomes;
- Continual improvement opportunities;
- Any need for changes to the OHSMS;
- Resources needed;
- Actions, if needed;
- Opportunities to improve integration of the OHSMS with other business processes; and
- Any implications for the strategic direction of the organization.
Record: Results of management reviews – ref 2nd bullet above

10 - IMPROVEMENT
10.1: (Improvement) General
 DETERMINE opportunities for improvements, through use of ‘performance evaluation’ (see 9.1, 9.2, 9.3).
 Implement necessary actions to achieve the intended outcome of organization’s OHSMS.
10.2: (Improvement) Incident, nonconformity and corrective action
 ESTABLISH a process(es) to - determine, and - manage …. – incidents, and - nonconformities.
 Undertake the following, when - an incident, or - a nonconformity .. occurs:
a. - React to it in a timely manner, and:
1. take action, as applicable, to: - control, and - correct it,
2. deal with the consequences, as applicable;
b. Evaluate, - with the participation of workers (see 5.4), and - involvement of other relevant interested parties … the need
for corrective action to eliminate the root cause(s) of the incident or nonconformity, in order that it does not: - recur, or -
occur elsewhere, by:
1. – investigating the incident, or - reviewing the nonconformity;
2. determining the causes of the incident or nonconformity;
3. determining, - if similar incidents have occurred, - if nonconformities exist, or - if they could potentially occur;
c. Review existing assessments of OH&S risks and other risks (ref 6.1.2.2), as appropriate;
d. – Determine, and - implement … any action needed (including corrective action), in accordance with:
- hierarchy of controls (see 8.1.2), and - management of change (see 8.1.3);
e. Assess OH&S risks that relate to new or changed hazards, prior to taking above action;
f. Review the effectiveness of any above taken action, including corrective action; and
g. Make changes to the OHSMS, if necessary.
 Corrective actions shall be appropriate to the - effects, or - potential effects … of the encountered incidents or nonconformities.
 Communicate the records of this process (ref below) to,
o workers and workers’ representatives if exist (ref 5.4.e.7), and
o other relevant interested parties.
NOTE : The reporting and investigation of incidents without undue delay can enable hazards to be eliminated and associated OH&S risks to be minimized as soon as possible.
Include under the above established process(es), ref 1st bullet above:
the methods for, - reporting, - investigating, and - taking action … on the – incidents, and - nonconformities.
Record: Nature of incidents or nonconformities
Record: Any subsequent actions taken on incidents and nonconformities
Record: Results of action & corrective action, including their effectiveness
10.3: (Improvement) Continual improvement
Continually improve the, - suitability, - adequacy, and - effectiveness … of the OHSMS, by:
a. Enhancing OH&S performance (ref 5.1.j),
b. Promoting a culture that supports an OHSMS (ref 5.1.j),
c. Promoting the participation of workers in implementing actions for the continual improvement of the OHSMS (ref 5.4.d.9),
d. Communicating relevant results of continual improvement (ref ‘record’ below) to workers and workers’ representatives if
exist (ref 5.4.d.9).
Document: Methods for pursuing continual improvement – ref ‘e’ under the clause of Standard
Record: Results of continual improvement – ref ‘e’ under the clause of Standard
Annex A, Bibliography and Alphabetical index of terms under the Standard have also not been included here for obvious reason.
*****
DOCUMENTS mandatory under ISO 45001:2018 (with clause references)

(Total - 27; Some of these may be combined)
4.3 – Established scope of organization’s OHSMS
5.2 – Established OH&S policy of the organization
5.3 – Assigned responsibilities and authorities for relevant roles within the OHSMS
6.1.1 – Determined risks and opportunities that need to be addressed
6.1.1 – Established planning process(es) and action plans, as follows, each also covering to determine/assess and address the related
risks and opportunities for the organization:
o 6.1.2.1: To identify hazards on an ongoing and proactive basis
o 6.1.2.2.a: To assess OH&S risks from above identified hazards
o 6.1.2.2.b: To determine and assess other risks in establishing, implementing, operating and maintaining the OHSMS
o 6.1.2.3.a: To assess OH&S opportunities to enhance OH&S performance
o 6.1.2.3.a: To assess opportunities to adapt work, work organization and work environment to workers
o 6.1.2.3.a: To assess opportunities to eliminate hazards and reduce OH&S risks
o 6.1.2.3.b: To assess other opportunities for improving the OHSMS
o 6.1.3.a: To determine legal requirements and other requirements, applicable to hazards, OH&S risks and OHSMS
o 6.1.3.a: To Have access to up-to-date legal requirements and other requirements, as determined above
o 6.1.3.b: To determine how above determined legal requirements and other requirements apply to the organization
o 6.1.3.b: To determine what needs to be communicated about determined legal requirements & other requirements
o 6.1.4.a.1: To address above determined/assessed risks (ref 6.1.2.2 above), and opportunities (ref 6.1.2.3 above)
o 6.1.4.a.2: To address above determined legal requirements and other requirements (ref 6.1.3.a above)
o 6.1.4.a.3: To prepare for and respond to emergency situations (ref 8.2 below)
6.1.2.2 – Defined methodology(s) and criteria for the assessment of OH&S risks
6.1.3 – Determined legal requirements & other requirements, their applicability to organization, their communication requirement
6.2.2 – Established OH&S objectives at relevant functions and levels
6.2.2 – Determined plans to achieve above established OH&S objectives
8.1.1 – Following processes, established for operational planning and control:
o To meet the requirements of OHSMS
o To implement determined actions to address risks and opportunities
o To implement determined actions to achieve OH&S objectives
8.2 – Established process(es) and plans to prepare for potential emergency situations
8.2 – Established process(es) and plans to respond to potential emergency situations
RECORDS mandatory under ISO 45001:2018 (with clause references)

(Total – 24; Some of these may be combined)
6.1.2.2 – Assessment of OH&S risks, against defined methodology(s) and criteria
6.1.3 – Updation and communication of determined legal requirements and other requirements
6.2.2 – Achievements of OH&S objectives
7.2.a – Determined necessary competence requirements of workers, as determined concerning organization’s OH&S performance
7.2.b – Evaluated competence of workers as against the above determined necessary competence requirements
7.2.c – Actions taken to bridge competence gaps of workers
7.2.c – Evaluation of effectiveness of actions taken to bridge competence gaps of workers
7.4.1 – Undertaken internal communications on OHSMS matters
7.4.1 – Undertaken external communications on OHSMS matters
7.4.1 – Responses made to communications received on OHSMS matters
8.1.1 – Following against established processes for operational planning and control:
o Results of meeting the requirements of OHSMS
o Results of implementing determined actions to address risks and opportunities
o Results of implementing determined actions to achieve OH&S objectives
8.2 – Results against established process(es) and plans to prepare for potential emergency situations
8.2 – Results against established process(es) and plans to respond to potential emergency situations
9.1.1 – Results of monitoring, measurement, analysis and performance evaluation
9.1.1 – Results of maintenance, calibration or verification of measuring and monitoring equipment
9.1.2 – Results of evaluation of compliances with determined legal requirements and other requirements
9.2.2 – Implementation of established internal audit program for OHSMS
9.2.2 – Results of internal audits of OHSMS
9.3 – Results of management reviews of OHSMS
10.2 – Nature of incidents and nonconformities occurred
10.2 – Actions taken on occurred incidents and nonconformities
10.2 – Results of actions and corrective actions on occurred incidents and nonconformities, including their effectiveness
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Standard ISO 45001:2018 OHSMS Easy Version Page 1 of 13

Process Structure Model of ISO 45001:2018

Leadership and Worker Participation Processes

Planning Processes Support Processes

Improvement Processes Performance Evaluation

About this document

Summary of ‘Requirements’ under ISO 45001:2018

Requirements (list on last page) (list on last page)

4: Context of the Organization 4 11 2 14 3 2 1 3 3 39

Standard ISO 45001:2018 Easy Version

4 – CONTEXT OF THE ORGANIZATION

5 – LEADERSHIP AND WORKER PARTICIPATION

Clause and Requirements:

Clause and Requirements:

Clause and Requirements:

Clause and Requirements:

Clause and Requirements:

Clause and Requirements:

Clause and Requirements:

8.2: Emergency preparedness and response

Clause and Requirements:

Clause and Requirements:

DOCUMENTS mandatory under ISO 45001:2018 (with clause references)

RECORDS mandatory under ISO 45001:2018 (with clause references)

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