Name :Muhammad Naeem

Student ID:bc190401702

Course Code: EDU601

Course Name : Philosophy of Education

Assignment #1

Question # 1

Solution:

1) . According to Plato; what is the role of a teacher? Explain

P lato’s idea of a teacher does not automatically represent a school tacher. successful teachers are
those who are up to the abovementioned task of facilitation but the burden falls on the student.
There must be exist a reasonable measure of commensurability between student and teacher,
where both seek to attain the same understanding and knowledge. Genuine learning requires the
desire to know. For Plato, education serves a purpose that complements his ideas on the nature of
truth. Education, in the Platonic sense, cannot exist to merely catalogue the objects, those
particulars that populate the sensual world of appearance (phainomena). Instead, education seeks
to understand the essence of the timeless, universal principles that rule over human existence.
The attainment of wisdom, then, should be the ultimate goal of education. Plato distinguishes
between education as pedagogy—the art of teaching—and the desire for learning. As far as
education is concerned, truth (alētheia) is unveiled in a three-step process. First, there is the
example of the person whose soul boldly faces the sun, and to whom truth addresses itself. This
person has no difficulty ascertaining the Good. This individual is a self-motivated seeker of truth.
This mode of self-awareness is intuitive. Secondly, there is the person who has their back turned
to the “light,” and who, as a consequence, requires education to make them “see.” It is probably
correct to assume that this is where Socrates’ analogy of philosophy as a midwife is best
exemplified. Thirdly, there is the person who, for as long as they live, will remain a voluntary
prisoner in the darkness of the cave. For such a person, education will merely amount to training.
This is the rationally blind person who cannot be helped, because no one can furnish his eyes
with sight.

Knowledge and virtue are dominant themes in Plato’s work. In the Meno, Socrates and Meno
discuss the question whether virtue can be taught. This question is important to Plato’s thought
because he argues that knowledge and virtue cannot be separated. Knowledge and intelligence
without virtue lead to despotism.

2. Write a comprehensive note on what is the purpose of education near to Kant? (5)
 Kant's approach to education and moral education based on his moral philosophy. In this
writing, it's going to take into consideration especially Kant's moral education about ideas and in
general it will take up an educational issues. Kant see human being as a unique existence who
needs education and think that human being can be a person only with education, thanks to
education it's not according to person's natural tendency and material requests, set forth raising in
appropriate way to moral laws. In this context, thinking to support Kant's education regarding
opinions moral philosophy, it's going to take up about education and moral education opinions.

According to Kant when a person educate and enlightened in a good way, he gains to think
mental power as logical. Whereas there is no an education which is develop thinking of animals
mental power and they just can raise. Kant doesn’t see adequate to teach a person only good
manners. That’s why the most important thing is to teach people how to think. To Kant, the
person who he is developing his thinking abilities, he can be in an action according to ethical
laws. At the same time, Kant emphasize person that action is not lefting in coincidence, defends
one of the most elements of education is moral education. Merely Kant set forth moral education
neglect which has a big importance for human education. To him, needy information is teaching
but moral education is neglecting. However Kant says teaching people means getting away from
badness, hating badness and we musn’t do badness that is the badness not because of God forbid
the badness. Exactly like this accepts to appropriate the virtue as being virtue and to get
apropriate as virtuousness and put this pirinciple basic of moral education. To Kant an moral
action makes neither afraiding of nor desiring prize.

Why it is necessary to teach the child; How to fight against negative education? Explain
with concrete examples.

It is necessary to teach the child because the ability to access a safe place to study and learn can
provide students with a sense of normalcy, routine and calm amid the chaos of war. In the long
term, a good education also promotes peace and post-conflict resolution as young people develop
the skills and qualifications needed to build a life for themselves and prosperity for their
communities without resorting to violence. Education transforms children’s lives by helping
them overcome poverty. This leads to better health and increased income opportunities. Without
it, many children remain trapped in a life of poverty and hardship.

Ways to overcome negative education

1) Address the Behavior with the Teacher

2) Get Administration Involved

3 ) Learn to Properly Express Your Own Feelings

4) Remove Yourself from the Situation

 5)Don't Let Go of Your Own Positivity

4. What is the concept of state near to Aristotle? Briefly explain at least five points

“State exists for the sake of good life and not for the sake of life only.” (Aristotle)

Aristotle was of the view that the origin of the state is present in the inherent desire of man to
satisfy his economic needs and racial instincts. The family is formed by male and female on the
one hand and master and slave on the other hand. Then they work for achievement of their
desires. They live together and form a such family in household which has its moral and social
unity and value.

Three elements are essential to build the state on perfect lines i.e., fellowship, practical
organization and justice. A man without state is either a beast or a God. According to Aristotle,
“he who by nature and not be mere accident is without a state is either above humanity or below
it, he is tribe-less, lawless and heartless one.”

Functions of the State

1.The state is not merely an association of associations but it is a highest natural association for
pursuits of spiritual class of common life of virtue.

2.The state is based on the element of justice

3.It also aims at the highest good of the community for its proper realization of demands and
needs in it.

4.The state functions to ensure a perfect and self-sufficing life of all its components members.

5.The state also ensures to fulfill all the natural needs of its members and to provide
opportunities to the individuals for the attainment of moral, intellectual and physical excellence.

6.According to Aristotle, “Man is essentially good and the function of the state is to develop his
good faculties into a habit of good actions.

1) The deliberative (legislature)

2. The magistracy (executive)

3. The judicial

Population:

Aristotle was of the opinion that just as good citizens are identifiable, a state also needs an
identity or, in other words, certain distinct features to it like the rivers, mountains, etc. He was
also of the view that the population of the state must be neither too large nor too small. It should
be just enough for achieving a life of self- sufficiency

Territory:

In Aristotle’s view, the size of the territory must also be fixed like that of the population. The
territory should enable a citizen to live a life of leisure, combining temperance and liberality. The
citizens should be able to take it in a single view and be able to defend it, plan and relate
properly to the neighbours.

Social Structure:

Aristotle perceived a well-knit social structure that coordinates all the integral parts and with
necessary conditions. The term ‘integral part’ refers to citizens, artisans, slaves and women and
they are all necessary conditions.

Outline of the State:

According to Aristotle, by taking into consideration the health, defense, convenience of political
activities and beauty of a state, it needs to be carefully planned. Aristotle stated that the citadel
suits oligarchies and monarchies, and a level plain suits democracy. As far as the health of the
state is concerned, Aristotle was of the opinion that if there is good water supply then everything
else would be fine