ASSIGNMENT # 1

Submitted to:
Sir Abdul-Razaq
Submitted By:
Hafsa Riaz
Roll no:
19014114-030
Semester:
1st

University of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus

 Topic: Mitosis and significance
Contents:
1. Mitosis:
➢ Karyokinesis
➢ Cytokinesis
2. Division:
➢ Interphase
➢ Prophases
➢ Metaphase
➢ Anaphase
➢ Telophase
3. Significance
Mitosis:
The type of a cell division same number of chromosomes present in daughter cell
as that in the parent cell.
➢ Some major steps of mitosis are similar in plants as well as animals.
➢ In animals cell it can take place in haploid as well as in diploid cells.
Phases:
Mitosis can be divided into two phases which are given below.
➢ Karyokinesis
➢ Cytokinesis
Karyokinesis :
The division of nucleus of cell is known as Karyokinesis.
Division:
On the basis of Karyokinesis is further divided into different phases which are
given below
1. Interphase
2. Prophases
3. Metaphase
4. Anaphase
5. Telophase
Interphase:
In interphases the chromosomes are not visible even not visible with electron
microscope then use histology stains for DNA, it is a very fine threads which can
be visualized this network is known as chromatin.
Diagram :

Interphase

Prophase:
The chromatin material becomes condensed due to folding.
➢ The length of thin thread is ranging between 0.25um-50um as the
beginning of prophase
➢ Chromosomes become thicker more and more ultimately each
chromosomes is visible having two sister chromatids and attached at
centromere.
➢ Nuclear envelope disappear int this phase and due to this cytoplasm
becomes viscous
Diagram :

Prophase

Metaphases:
Int this phase chromosome is a duplicated stricture in which two sister
chromatids, attached at a point known as centromere.
➢ In this phase chromosome in the form of pairs arranged like an equatorial
plate.
➢ Spindle fiber attaches with centromere of chromosomes to form a
metaphase plate.
Diagram of metaphase:

Metaphase
Anaphase:
It is very critical phase of the mitosis in which equal distribution of chromatids in
daughter cells.
➢ The kinetochore of spindle fiber context towards their respective poles.
Diagram of anaphase:

Anaphase
Telophase:
In this phase Chromosomes decondense due to unfolding, ultimately disappear as
chromatin.
➢ Mitotic apparatus disorganizes the nuclear membrane which nucleoli
organize, resulting two nuclei at two poles of a cell
Diagram of telophase:

Telophase

Cytokinesis:
The division of whole cell is known as cytokinesis.
➢ In this phase a cell membrane from cleaving furrow in center of cell
membrane which divide the whole cell.
➢ Dividing of parent cell into two daughter cells.
➢ At cytokinesis in place of contractile ring a membrane structure ,
phragmoplast is formed from vesicles which originate from Golgi complex.
➢ It is a division of whole cell is usually plant cell.

Significance:
Significance of mitosis is given below:
➢ In mitosis genetic material equally distributed in the two daughter cell.
➢ There is a crossing over and recombination the genetic information remain
unchanged from generation to generation.
➢ Similar information ensured from parent to daughter cell
➢ In mitosis plants and animals shows asexual reproduction.
➢ Regeneration is also a mitosis process in which healing of wounds and
replacement of older cells all the Gifts of mitosis.
➢ Tissue culturing and cloning is also the possible with the help of mitosis..
These were the significance of mitosis.