9

Momentum
Skills check 2. 0.25 × 4 + 0.45 × (–2) = 0.25 × v + 0.45 × 1 ⇒
v = –1.4
1. a) 3v = 19 – 7 = 12
∴ Speed is 1.4 m s–1, direction is reversed.
v = 4
3. m × 1.5 + 0 = m × 0.2 + m × v ⇒ v = 1.3 m s–1
4v = 11 – 5 = 6
b)
4. 9000 × 10 + 0 = (9000 + 1200)v ⇒
v = 1.5
v = 8.823 529 412
c) 4m – 2m = –5 + 11 = 6
  = 8.82 m s–1 (3 s.f.)
m = 3
1 5. 4 × 5 + m × 3 = 4 × 2 + m × 4 ⇒ m = 12
2. a) i) KE = × 5 × 32 = 22.5 J
2 6. a) 2 × 6 + 5 × 3 = (2 + 5) v ⇒ v = 3.857 142 857
1 = 3.86 m s–1 (3 s.f.)
ii) KE = × 1200 × 102 = 60 000 J
2
b) 2 × 6 + 5 × (–3) = (2 + 5) v ⇒ v = – 0.428 571 428
1
b) ∆KE = × 0.6 × (52 – 22) ∴ Speed is 0.429 m s–1 (3 s.f.).
2
= 0.3(25 – 4) = 6.3 J 7. 6 × 24 = (6 + 2) × v ⇒ v = 18 m s–1
8. a) 0.5 × 8 + 0.2 × (–2) = 0.5 × u + 0.2 × 2u
Exercise 9.1 ⇒ u = 4 m s–1
1. a) 1200 × 20 = 24 000 N s b) Change in momentum = 0.2 × 8 – 0.2 × (–2) = 2 N s
b) 0.3 × 8 = 2.4 N s
9. a) 0.2 × 4 + 0 = 0.2 × 0.3 + 0.5 vB ⇒ vB = 1.48 m s–1
c) 40 × 3 = 120 N s
b) 0.5 × 1.48 + m × (–2) = 0.5 × 0.4 + m × 0.5 ⇒
d) 230 000 × 48 = 11 040 000 N s m = 0.216
e) 3000 × 14 = 42 000 N s
a) 0.1 × 5 + 0.3 × (–2) = 0.1 × (–2.5) + 0.3 v ⇒
10.
2. 0.02 × 16 = 0.32 N s v = 0.5 m s–1
3. 0.028 × 8 = 0.224 N s B is now moving in the opposite direction from its

original direction.
4. 6000 × 15 – 6000 × 8 = 42 000 N s
1 1
5. 0.16 × 18 – 0.16 × (–25) = 6.88 N s b) Initial KE = × 0.1 × 52 + × 0.3 × 22 = 1.85 J
2 2
6. v2 = 0 + 2 × 10 × 2 ⇒ v = 40 1 1
Final KE = × 0.1 × 2.52 × × 0.3 × 0.52 = 0.35 J
0 = u + 2 × –10 × 1.4 ⇒ u = 28
2 2 2
Change in momentum = 0.3 × 40 – 0.3 × ( − 28) KE loss = 1.85 – 0.35 = 1.5 J
= 3.484 817 382
= 3.48 N s (3 s.f.) Summary exercise
1. a) 0.6 × 2.8 – 0.6 × (–0.1) = 1.74 N s
Exercise 9.2 b) 0.6 × 2.8 + 0.8 + (–1.2) = 0.6 × (–0.1) + 0.8 × v
1. a) 5 × 4 + 0 = 8v ⇒ v = 2.5 ⇒ v = 0.975 m s–1
b) 0.125 × 12 + 0.25 × 6 = 0.125 × 4 + 0.25 v ⇒ Direction of motion is the direction of P before
v = 10 the collision, i.e. Q is direction has reversed.
c) 2 × 7 + 4 × (–3) = 2 × (–v) + 4 × 2 ⇒ v = 3 2. 0.05 × 3.9 + 0.08 (–3.25) = (0.05 + 0.08)v ⇒ v = –0.5
d) 2 × 3 + 3 × v = 2 × (–1) + 3 × 4 ⇒ v = 1.333… ∴ Speed is 0.5 m s–1, in directions of motion of 80 g
≈ 1.33 mass before collision.
3. 1500 × 2 + (1500 + m) × –2 = 1500 × –3 + 0 ⇒
m = 2250

© Oxford University Press 2018: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchaser’s institute Momentum 1
4. a) 40 000 × 202 + 160 000 × 200 = 200 000 v 9. By conservation of momentum
⇒ v = 200.4 m s–1 2 × 3 + 1 × (–1) = 2vA + 1vB
1 1 ⇒ 2vA + vB = 5 ⇒ vB = 5 – 2 vA
b) Initial KE = × 40 000 × 2022 + × 160 000 × 2002
2 2
1 1
KE loss = × 2 × 32 + × 1 × 12 –
= 4 016 080 000 J 2 2
1  1 × 2 × v2 + 1 × 1 × v2 
Final KE = × 200 000 × 200.42  A B  = 5.25

2 2 2

= 4 016 016 000 J ⇒ 2v A2 + v B2 = 8.5
∴ Loss in KE = 4 016 080 000 – 4 016 016 000 Hence 2v A2 + (5 – 2vA)2 = 8.5
= 64 000 J ⇒ 6v A2 − 20v A + 16.5 = 0
5. 0.4 × 6 + 0.3 × (–4) = 0.4 × (–v) + 0.3 × (5 – v) 3 11
⇒ vA =
or
⇒ v = 0.428 571 428 = 0.429 (3 s.f.) 2 6
3 11 4
6. a) 1200 × 4 + 1800 × (–2) = 1200v + 1800v When vA = , vB = 2; when vA = , vB = .
2 6 3
⇒ v = 0.4 m s–1 (3 s.f.)
Since vB must be greater than vA, vA = 1.5 m s–1,
∴ Wagon B has changed direction. vB = 2 m s–1.
b) i) 1200 × 4 + 1800 × (–2) = 1200 (–v) + 1800 v
a) 5 × 9 = 5 × 2 + 4 × vQ
10.
⇒ v = 2 m s–1
vQ = 8.75 m s–1
ii) 1200 × 4 – 1200 × (–2) = 7200 N s
4 × 8.75 = (4 + 6) × vS
b)
7. 0.24u + 0 = 0.24 (u – 3) + 0.36 v vS = 3.5 m s–1
⇒ v = 2 m s–1 1
Initial KE =
c) × 5 × 92 = 202.5 J
2
8. a) 0.2 × 4 + m × (–2) = 0 ⇒ m = 0.4 1 1
Final KE = × 5 × 22 + × (4 + 6) × 3.52 =
b) There are three possible situations after the 2 2
71.25 J
collision.
Loss in KE = 202.5 – 71.25 = 131.25 J
Case 1 0.2 × 4 + m + (–2) = 0.2 × 0.5 + m × 0.5
⇒ m = 0.28
Case 2 0.2 × 4 + m × (–2) = 0.2 × –0.5 + m × –0.5
⇒ m = 0.6
Case 3 0.2 × 4 + m × (–2) = 0.2 × –0.5 + m × 0.5
⇒ m = 0.36
Case 4 Particles continue in the same direction after
the collision, which is physically impossible,
as the particles would have to pass through
each other.

© Oxford University Press 2018: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchaser’s institute Momentum 2