ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF PANYAWAN STEM

FOR TOOTHACHE

LIANGA NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL

NAVALES, NOLEMAE J.

ALVIZO, MICHELLE L.

SARMEN, ANGELENE MAE C.

CAPUNGAN, SEAN KENNETH A.

MARCH 2019
 CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

Rationale

Plants are one of nature’s richest sources of medicine. Throughout history,

great discoveries on compounds useful for treatment and prevention of various

diseases were found and isolated from plants. Even with the development of new

treatment methods, a great number of the Philippine population specially in the Rural

settlements, still resort to Herbal Preparation’s due to their availability and due to the

high cost of modern medicine. South East Asian folk medicine considers Panyawan

as a “universal” medicine since it had long been used in the alleviation of various health

conditions. The plant is claimed to be effective for the treatment of various

inflammatory disorders like rheumatism and arthritis when prepared as a poultice with

coconut oil (Quisumbing, 1978).

Toothache is the most common illness now here in the Philippines, it is acquired

mostly by young individuals today. According to the 1998 National Monitoring and

Epidemiological Dental Survey (NMEDS), about 92.4% of Filipinos have tooth decay

that may result in toothache. Also the 2006 National Health Survey (NOHS) revealed

that 97% of six-year-old children suffer from tooth decay. Filipinos bear the burden of

the gum diseases early in their childhood. According to NOHS, 74% of the twelve-

year-old children suffer from gingivitis. Toothache is unavoidable and that many of us

couldn’t have time to see a dentist, panyawan plant as a readily available plant in
different areas here in the Philippines, is a good alternative remedy to costly synthetic

drugs in ameliorating inflammation in toothache.

Toothache is a pain in a tooth or teeth. It is a pain or soreness around a tooth,

indicating inflammation and possible infection. In 2013, 223 million cases of tooth pain

occurred caries in permanent teeth and 53 million cases occurred in baby teeth.

According to Fernanda Ruffo Ortiz, most international data on dental pain in children

and adolescence have reported period prevalence between 9.1% and 58% depending

on the case definition and adopted assessment methods. In Brazil, a previous study

showed prevalence of dental pain of 16.5% in 5-year-old children. Toothache may

occur from inflammation of the central portion of the tooth called pulp, inflammation to

the pulp or pulpitis may be caused by dental activities, trauma and infection.

Toothache is commonly caused by eating sweets, any form of food that may

contribute to a tooth sensitivity, tooth decay and some were from a temperature

sensitivity. Also toothache can be caused by other health problems such as; heart

attack, cluster headache, or sinus infection, which can cause referred pain into the

teeth or jaw. Another is viral infections, such as shingles. Also diseases such as

diabetes. Toothache is very painful because without treatment, bacteria can infect the

dead tooth and can cause dental abscess, which can lead to swelling and spreading

infection, which can occasionally be life threatening.

This present study aims to know the properties of Panyawan stem that is

suitable in relieving inflammation, also this is to introduce an alternative remedy for

toothache inflammation. If it will be proven true and effective many individuals will gain

a benefit from this plant which is readily available here in our country. This present

study will help those individuals who can't afford in consulting a dentist and those who

are far from any medical establishments.

 THE PROBLEM

Objectives of the Study;

This study aims to answer the following statements below;

1.To identify the properties present in the Panyawan Stem extract.

2.To determine the anti-inflammatory property of Panyawan Stem.

3.To know the effectiveness of the anti-inflammatory property of Panyawan

Stem extract.
 DEFINITION OF TERMS

•Panyawan - a climbing vine up to 15m long, occurs primarily in rain forests.

•Toothache - pain in a tooth.

•Dental caries - a disease of the teeth in which microorganisms convert sugar

in the mouth to acid, which then erodes the tooth.

•Pulp - the soft innermost part of a tooth, containing blood vessels and nerves.

•Pulpitis - inflammation of the pulp of a tooth that involves the blood vessels

and nerves.

•Inflammation - a condition in which a part of your body becomes red, swollen,

and painful.

•Cavity - a hole or weak spot in the tooth surface caused by decay.

 CHAPTER 2

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

The answers presented in this chapter were taken from related and reliable

studies about Panyawan plant.

Anti-inflammatory agents control the biochemical processes involved during the

inflammatory response by stabilizing the membranes of the lysosomes. Panyawan is

considered febrifuge, vulnerary, tonic, antimalarial, parasiticide, and insecticidal.

Studies suggest cardiotonic, antioxidant, antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antidiabetic,

antiproliferative, hypolipidemic, antimalarial, antinociceptive, anthelmintic and

antiangiogenic properties.

Panyawan contains a number of chemical constituents which could account for

the plants medicinal properties, this include alkaloids, diterpenoid lactones,

glycosides, steroids, sesquiterpenoids, phenolics, aliphatic compounds, and

polysaccharides. In addition, two triterpenes have been isolated from the stems of

panyawan, namely, cycloeucalenol and cycloucalenone.

 Aqueous extract is effective in ameliorating inflammation and thus support the

folkloric use of the stem in the treatment of various inflammation disorder. As the plant

is readily available in the rural areas, it is a good alternative to costly synthetic drugs.

CHAPTER 3

SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents a brief summary of the important aspects of the study.

The data presented in the previous chapter serves as the basis for formulating the

conclusion and recommendation.

Summary

This study aims to know the anti-inflammatory property of Panyawan stem.

Extracts performed are the basis in determining its property. Aqueous extracts of

Panyawan stems were used in vivo and in vitro tests to determine its anti-inflammatory

activities. The result had shown that the reduction was comparable to effects of

ibuprofen. Ibuprofen is a group of painkillers called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory

drugs (NSAIDs) and can be used to ease mild to moderate pain such as toothache,

migraine and period pain. Result from the extraction stated that Panyawan stem truly

has an anti-inflammatory property which is similar to ibuprofen.

Findings

Panyawan plant had been used in ancient times as an alternative drug in

treating various diseases. In this study, it has been proven that Panyawan stem has

an anti-inflammatory property used in ameliorating inflammations.

 Conclusion

Herein, we aim to know the properties of Panyawan stem. It has been stated

that Panyawan stem contains anti-inflammatory property from the result of the

aqueous extract of the plant. Therefore, Panyawan stem is effective in ameliorating

inflammation.

Recommendation

Further research on the specific constituents of Panyawan stem that is

effective in ameliorating inflammation is highly acceptable and has to be made.

 REFERENCES

●"Toothache and gum problems" retrieved on December 6, 2018 from

https://www.uofmhealth.com

●"What are the latest dental problems statistics of the Philippines." Retrieved
on December 7, 2018 from https://www.doh.gov.ph

● “Anti-inflammatory activities of the aqueous extract of tinospora crispa.”

Retrieved on December 7, 2018 from https://www.journalofnaturestudies.com