Sanitation and Waste water

treatment in rural areas

Juan Carlos Galan Robles

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 Plan of the presentation

*Sanitation in rural areas

• Problem of WW in rural areas in TS
*Sanitation and WW technologies
• Septic tank
• Wetland
• Ponds
• Dry toilets
* Study case
* Activity advantages and disadvantages
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 Sanitation

Refers to public health conditions

related to clean drinking water and
adequate treatment and disposal
of waste water.

to protect human health by providing a clean 3

WHY??? environment that will stop the transmission of
disease.
Sanitation

• Sustainable Development Goal 6: Ensure access to water and

sanitation for all

•By 2030, access to safe and

affordable drinking water for all.

•By 2030, access to adequate and 4

equitable sanitation and hygiene for all
and end open defecation
 Problem of Sanitation in rural areas
Lack of adequate sanitation systems in some rural areas in DC

Open defecation, Transmission of

Pollution transfer
unhealthy and pathogens by
to another water
inadequate insects (flies) and
source (supply)
facilities rodents,

Cholera
Water-related
Bad smell diseases Salmonellosis, 5
Typhoid, Polio
Sanitation in DC

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 Improved sanitation: refers to the management
of human feces at a household level

Source: Word Sanitation Program ,2017

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Source: Word Sanitation Program ,2017

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 ECONOMIC IMPACT OF SANITATION

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Source: Word Sanitation Program ,2017

INDIA: 0.5 billion of
people still defecating in
the open

Source: India Census rural

data and Ministry of Drinking
Water and Sanitation’s (MDWS’s)
online monitoring system.

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Some benefits of Sanitation:

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Recap
Sanitation: Drinking Water + Waste Water treatment

Health issues impacting also economic and social aspects >> Education, investment in
other sectors , food safety> food security.

Approx.. 1 billion of people practicing open defecation (aprox half of them

are in India.

Sanitation is one the SDG.

>> It is needed the implement adequate sanitation system>

Adequate Waste Water treatment

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WWTP

URBAN AEREAS 14
RURAL AEREAS
WWTP

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WW collection

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WW treatment technologies in Rural Areas

Characteristics:

Save money in terms of investment costs and operation and maintenance costs

Better protection of water resources, in case of failure small damage (risk minimization)

Can better fit into the landscape

Flexible and adaptable

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Sanitation Technologies in Rural Areas

Gases escape into the

atmosphere.

Solid residue
decomposes and
accumulates

Liquids percolates into

the soils

• Septic tank • Ponds 18

• Wetland • Dry sanitation

 Septic Tank (Biodigestor)

Collects and treats wastewater

Anaerobic digestion of organic matter

1- Filled with water

A. Cover 2. Sedimentation and sludge accumulation
B. Inflow pipe (waste water) 3. Growth and generation of bacteria due to
C. Filter the anaerobic conditions.
D. Outflow pipe (pre treated water) 4. Stabilization: decomposition of organic19
F. Sludge output matter
E. Cleaning pipe 5. Sludge extraction.
 Wetland (phytoremediation)
Natural system in which the wastewater flows through a planted soil filter
where the biological and physical treatment takes place. The bed can have
filling material like sand or gravel and is sealed to the ground (by natural soil
or an artificial foil).

Reed
Macrophytes 20
• Waste Water Ponds/Lagoons
Design to receive wastes with no prior treatment
Algae > promotes OM breaking down

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 Dry toilets
Waterless toilet or micro-flush toilet system that
uses a predominantly aerobic process to treat
human excreta by composting

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• Which of the 4 technologies is the best??
• Septic tank • Ponds
• Wetland • Dry sanitation

Combination of them

Study case
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Study case

• This method of wastewater treatment is used in rural areas of Germany and

Brazil.

Septic Tank Wetland

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• One system (biodigestor and wetland) per household
• Due to dispersion of houses
 System implementation

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Hole: 1 m2 per inhabitant.
 System implementation

The hole is cover with a plastic film 200 micron thick. 27

Perforation must be avoided.
System implementation

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Septic tank is installed.

System implementation

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A square is prepared with 100mm pipe, it is perforated
with 10 mm drill in put it in the bottom.
System implementation
50 cm Sand

Then a 50 mm pipe is connected as a reducer, this pipe will

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be responsible for capturing the effluent already
treated and send it out
System implementation
50 cm Crush stone

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System implementation

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Installation of an effluent distributor with perforations
from 1.5 to 2 cm diameter and spaced every 5cm
System implementation

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Then the effluent is covered by crush stone to avoid bad smell.
In this moment the system is ready to be used.
 System implementation

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After 10 or 15 days of usage plants are grown
 System implementation

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System after 3 months of operation.

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References

http://www.rotoplas.com/productos/saneamiento/ba%C3%B1o-digno/
http://www.rcnegociossac.com/pdf/Ficha%20tecnica%20del%20Biodigest
or%20Rotoplas.pdf
http://www.wecf.eu/download/2010/03/guidancepaperengl.pdf
http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbeaa/v14n2/v14n02a15.pdf
http://www.uniarp.edu.br/periodicos/index.php/ignis/article/download/
21/44.
http://periodicosuniarp.com.br/ignis/article/view/21/44
http://www.wsp.org/

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ACTIVITY: STUDY CASE

• Where was it implemented?

• Which sanitation technology is used?

• How does it work? Explain briefly the process

• What are the advantages?

• What are the disadvantages?

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