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Optimization Manual
Revision Record
Date Version Description Author
Contents
1.1 Definition..................................................................................................................................................................8
1.1.1 Checking the Um Interface.................................................................................................................................8
1.1.2 Checking Resources...........................................................................................................................................8
1.1.3 Simultaneously Checking the Um Interface and Resources...............................................................................9
1.2 Theory Introduction..................................................................................................................................................9
2.1 Number of Successful Uplink TBF Establishments...............................................................................................10
2.1.1 Meaning............................................................................................................................................................10
2.1.2 Measurement Point...........................................................................................................................................10
2.2 Number of Failed Uplink TBF Establishments......................................................................................................12
2.2.1 Meaning............................................................................................................................................................12
2.2.2 Measurement Point...........................................................................................................................................12
2.3 Number of Uplink TBF Establishment Attempts...................................................................................................12
2.3.1 Meaning............................................................................................................................................................12
2.3.2 Measurement Point...........................................................................................................................................12
3.1 Checking Abis Links..............................................................................................................................................18
3.2 Checking Whether an Assignment Message Is Sent Normally..............................................................................19
3.2.1 An Immediate Assignment Message Being Discarded due to CCCH Overload..............................................19
3.2.2 Network Sending an Immediate Assignment Reject Message due to No Channel..........................................21
3.3 Checking Downlink Um Interface..........................................................................................................................24
3.4 Checking Whether the MS Responds to an Assignment Command.......................................................................25
3.4.1 Overhigh Uplink Encoding Mode....................................................................................................................25
3.4.2 Improper Uplink Power Control Parameters....................................................................................................26
3.4.3 MS Not Accessing the Assigned Channel Timely due to Improper Parameter Settings..................................27
3.4.4 Information Elements Error in an Assignment Message..................................................................................29
3.4.5 Uplink and Downlink Imbalance......................................................................................................................30
3.4.6 Checking Antenna Feeder.................................................................................................................................31
3.4.7 CS KPIs............................................................................................................................................................31
4.1 Case 1 Extended Attach Delay Caused by Improper Settings of Power Control Parameters of an Indoor Cell in
Chengdu Network.........................................................................................................................................................32
4.2 Case 2 Low Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments Caused by Improper Settings of Frequency Hopping
Parameters in the Network in Czech Republic.............................................................................................................35
4.3 Case 3 Low Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments Caused by Improper Configuration of TMA Factor in
the Network in White Russia Network ........................................................................................................................37
Figures
Tables
1 Basic Principle
1.1 Definition
The Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is defined differently for the different
concerns of each telecom operator.
Attempts
2 Signaling Procedure
3. Uplink TBF establishment on the PACCH (establishment of uplink TBF with the
downlink TBF)
The MS can request the establishment of an uplink TBF in a downlink TBF. The MS
sends a PACKET DOWNLINK ACK/NACK message carrying Channel Request
The procedure for uplink TBF establishment using one-phase access is described as follows:
1. An MS sends a CHANNEL REQUEST message on the RACH of the CCCH to initiate
an uplink TBF establishment request. The CHANNEL REQUEST message indicates a
one-phase access procedure. Meanwhile, the MS starts the timer T3186 to monitor the
response of the network to the message.
2. After receiving the Channel Request message on the RACH, the network starts the
internal signaling procedure. Based on the cause of the access request and cell attributes,
the network determines the immediate assignment type. For the establishment of an
uplink TBF using one-phase access, the network selects an appropriate encoding mode
for the uplink TBF and requests radio resources for the TBF based on the usage of
resources in the accessed cell. After the request is approved, the network assigns the
corresponding radio resources to the TBF and calculates the starting time of the TBF. At
the specified time, the network starts the uplink TBF and monitors the uplink RLC data
blocks sent by the MS on the assigned channel.
3. When the request for radio resources is approved, the network sends an Immediate
Assignment message on the AGCH. The message carries the uplink packet assignment
construction assigned by the network to the MS, including TFI, USF (dynamic
assignment) or assignment bitmap (fixed assignment), channel encoding mode of RLC
data blocks, encoding mode of uplink RLC data blocks with TLLI, power control
parameters, polling bit, TAI (optional), and TBF Starting Time (optional).
4. During the packet access and before the timer T3186 expires, if the MS receives an
IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message for the downlink packet assignment procedure
on the AGCH, the MS must terminate the packet access procedure and respond to the
downlink assignment message based on the downlink TBF establishment procedure. The
MS stops sending the CHANNEL REQUEST message and assigns radio resources based
on the contents carried in the IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT message. At the TBF
Starting Time (optional), the MS accesses the assigned channel.
5. On the assigned PDCH channel, the MS uses the encoding code carried in the
assignment message to send RLC data blocks for preemption decision. The RLC data
blocks contain TLLI.
6. If the network receives an RLC data block on the uplink TBF, it indicates that the uplink
TBF is successfully established.
The following takes the one-phase access procedure as an example to describe the
optimization method. The purpose is to locate the faulty signaling and NEs based on the
signaling flows. You can check the following flows step by step: check the transmission on
the Abis interface, check whether the assignment message is sent to the BTS, check the Um
interface in the downlink (whether the assignment message is sent to the MS), and check
whether the MS responds to the assignment message (whether an uplink data block is sent).
Total Number of Received TRAU Frames = Number of Received Normal TRAU Frames + Number of
Received Out-of-Synchronization TRAU Frames + Number of Received Check Error TRAU Frames +
Number of Received Empty TRAU Frames. In versions earlier than V9R8C11, the Number of Received
Empty TRAU Frames is not counted, so the Total Number of Received TRAU Frames cannot be directly
calculated. The Total Number of Received TRAU Frames should be equal to the Total Number of Sent
TRAU Frames. Therefore, when calculating the frame error rate on the G-Abis interface, you can
replace the Total Number of Received TRAU Frames with the Number of Sent Valid TRAU Frames plus
the Number of Sent Empty TRAU Frames. In C12, the Number of Received Empty TRAU Frames is
counted, so the Total Number of Received TRAU Frames can be directly calculated through the
preceding formula.
T3168 This parameter specifies Timer set for the MS to wait for Value range: 500
the maximum interval the Packet Uplink Assignment ms-4,000 ms
set for the MS to wait message Default value: 500
for the Packet Uplink If the timer is set to a smaller ms
Assignment message. value, the MS can detect the
After the MS sends the TBF establishment failure
Packet Resource within a shorter period. If a
Request or Packet TBF establishment fails, the
Downlink Ack/Nack average delay of packet access
message carrying is short, but the success rate of
Channel Request TBF establishment in bad radio
Description, T3168 is environment decreases. In
started to wait for the addition, the small timer value
Packet Uplink increases the probability of the
Assignment message retransmission of the packet
from the network. access request, thus increasing
If the MS receives the the probability of reassignment
Packet Uplink by the PCU. Therefore, system
Assignment message resources are wasted.
before T3168 expires, If the timer is set to a larger
T3168 is reset. value, the MS takes a longer
Otherwise, the MS period to detect the TBF
initiates the PS access establishment failure. The
procedure again for four average delay of packet access
times. If the Packet extends in the case that the TBF
Uplink Assignment establishment fails. However,
message is still not the success rate of TBF
received, the MS establishment in bad radio
assumes that the uplink environment increases by a
TBF establishment fails. certain amount.
CCCH overload Call Measurement -> Flow Control Measurement per Cell ->
PACKET CCCH LOAD IND Messages Sent on Abis Interface
MSG ABIS OVERLOAD (CCCH OVERLOAD) Messages Sent on
Abis Interface
MSG DEL IND Messages Sent on Abis Interface
Equipment BSC Measurement -> Access KPI Measurement per Cell ->
fault measurement per BSC -> TCH Availability
TCH Availability per BSC Available TCHs
Configured TCHs per BSC Configured TCHs
Available TCHs per BSC TRX Measurement per Cell ->
Number of configured TRXs in a cell
Number of available TRXs in a cell
Insufficient Channels
Insufficient channels cause congestion, covering the following cases:
1. The channels configured for a cell are insufficient, and PS traffic is heavy. In this case, a
channel is multiplexed by the maximum number of MSs. You need to add static channels
and dynamic channels. In addition, you need to check the settings of PS channel
management parameters and set PDCH Uplink Multiplex Threshold to 70 (the
maximum value, indicating that a maximum of seven uplink TBFs can be multiplexed on
a PDCH).
2. Check whether insufficient channels are caused by the preemption of dynamic PDCHs
by voice services. If the Number of Reclaimed Dynamic PDCHs and the Number of
Reclaimed Busy Dynamic PDCHs are large, it indicates that CS services are busy and
preempt channels of data services. In this case, you need to add static PDCHs. In
addition, you can set Level of Preempting Dynamic Channel to Control channels
cannot be preempted.
3. If the Success Rate of Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments is low due no channel, but the
Success Rate of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments is high, you need to check whether
EGPRS dedicated channels or EGPRS preferable channels are configured. If EGPRS
dedicated channels or EGPRS preferable channels are configured, GPRS channels are
insufficient. In this case, you need to convert some EGPRS dedicated channels or
EGPRS preferable channels to EGPRS ordinary channels, and set Allow E Down G Up
Switch to Open.
The related parameters are described as follows:
No response PS Call Measurement -> Uplink GPRS TBF Establish and Release
from MS Capability Measurement per Cell ->
Number of Uplink GPRS TBF Establishment Attempts
Number of Successful Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments
Number of Failed Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments due to MS No
Response
Number of Failed Uplink GPRS TBF Establishments due to No Channel
PS Call Measurement -> Uplink EGPRS TBF Establish and Release
Capability Measurement per Cell ->
Number of Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishment Attempts
Number of Successful Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments
Number of Failed Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments due to MS No
Response
Number of Failed Uplink EGPRS TBF Establishments due to No
Channel
In versions earlier than V9R8C11, the uplink encoding mode is adjusted based on the encoding mode on
the downlink and the adjusting is improper. Currently, the optimized uplink LA/IR algorithm is
incorporated into the C12 version.
Alpha This parameter is used for the If this parameter is Value range: 0–
Parameter open loop power control. set to a lower 1.0
The MS uses the Alpha value, the output Default value: 1.0
parameter to calculate the power of the MS
output power of the uplink increases; if this
PDCH, namely, PCH. parameter is set to
a higher value, the
When the MS uses GPRS output power of
dynamic power control, this the MS decreases.
parameter determines the
reduced level of the MS
transmit power mapping to the
path loss.
Initial Power Initial power level. If this parameter is Value range: 0–
Level This parameter determines the set to a lower 31
expected receive signal strength value, the output Default value: 14
on the BTS when the MS uses power of the MS
the GPRS dynamic power increases; if this
control. parameter is set to
a higher value, the
This parameter mainly affects output power of
the output power of the MS. the MS decreases.
Indirect encoding: The information used by the MS is obtained from messages PSI 2, PSI 13, SI 13, or
an earlier assignment message. Therefore, you should, based on MA_NUMBER check whether
frequency hopping parameters in the system messages or assignment message are consistent with those
in data configuration.
MA_NUMBER = 0–13 shall be used to reference a GPRS mobile allocation received in a PSI2 message;
MA_NUMBER = 14 shall be used to reference a GPRS mobile allocation received in a SI13 or PSI13
message;
MA_NUMBER = 15 shall be used to reference a GPRS mobile allocation received in a previous
assignment message using the direct encoding.
Direct encoding 1: The MS uses the frequency hopping index information indicated by the parameter
GPRS Mobile Allocation in system messages.
Direct encoding 2: The MS directly uses the frequency hopping information in an assignment message.
The information includes MAIO, HSN, Length of MA Frequency List contents, and MA Frequency List
contents.
3.4.7 CS KPIs
When CS parameters are improperly configured, PS KPIs are affected. In this case, the
Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is low. Therefore, you should check the CS KPIs,
mainly the call drop rate, congestion rate, assignment success rate, uplink and downlink
balance, and success rate of call establishment.
4 Cases
Analysis
According to the analysis of MS signaling, when establishing an uplink TBF, the MS always
resends uplink data blocks but does not receive any acknowledgement message from the
network. In this case, N3101 overflows, and the establishment of the uplink TBF fails. In
addition, the transmit power of the MS is very low. Therefore, it is possible that improper
settings of the uplink power control parameter of the MS cause a low transmit power. In this
case, the network cannot receive any uplink data block from the MS, and the establishment of
the uplink TBF fails, thus causing an extended delay of the attach.
Solution
According to the preceding analysis, the cause of an extended delay is that the uplink data
block is not sent to the network normally. The possible causes of failure to send the uplink
data block are as follows: (1) low uplink power; (2) overhigh uplink encoding mode.
According to the possible causes, you can make the following adjustments: (1) lower the
value of the GAMMA parameter to raise the uplink power; (2) decrease three levels for the
uplink encoding mode based on the downlink encoding mode.
During the CQT after the preceding adjustments, perform 200 number of times of attach and
ping operations. All operations succeed and no extended delay appears. Table 1.1 lists related
test data.
Average time (s) Success rate (%) Average delay (s) Success rate (%)
Analysis
1. The frame error rate on the G-Abis interface is normal.
Frame error rate at the G-Abis interface = (Number of Received Check Error TRAU
Frames + Number of Received Out-of-Synchronization TRAU Frames)/(Number of Sent
Valid TRAU Frames + Number of Sent Empty TRAU Frames). According to the analysis
of the frame error rates at the G-Abis interface before and after Nov. 4, the frame error
rates are normal and do not fluctuate.
0. 01400000
0. 01200000
0. 00200000
0. 00000000
0: 00: 00
7: 30: 00
1: 30: 00
3: 00: 00
4: 30: 00
6: 00: 00
9: 00: 00
12: 00: 00
13: 30: 00
16: 30: 00
18: 00: 00
19: 30: 00
21: 00: 00
10: 30: 00
15: 00: 00
22: 30: 00
According to the protocol, the GPRS Mobile Allocation in an SI 13 message defines the
frequency band information of frequency hopping. The frequency hopping information in the
SI 13 message, however, is null, which is inconsistent with that in data configuration.
Therefore, a defect in product implementation causes incorrect frequency hopping
information in the system message. In this case, the establishment of the uplink TBF fails.
Configure the channel on a frequency that does not join in frequency hopping. Then, the
Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is normal.
Solution
Huawei recommends that you disable frequency hopping. The fault will be rectified in later
versions.
Analysis
1. The frame error rate on the G-Abis interface is normal.
According to the transmission traffic statistics on the G-Abis interface, the frame error
rate on the G-Abis interface on certain cells reaches about 3%, which, to some extent,
affects the Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments. However, this is not the main
cause, and thus the decrease in the Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is not
caused by the transmission quality.
2. CCCH overload does not occur.
According to the analysis of the traffic measurement counters CCCH OVERLOAD
INDICATION and DELETE INDICATION, these counters are high only in certain
cells. Though the high values of these two counters may affect the Success Rate of
Uplink TBF Establishments, this is not the main cause; therefore, the decrease in the
Success Rate of Uplink TBF Establishments is not caused by the abnormal sending of an
immediate assignment command by the BTS.
3. The quality of the downlink Um interface is good.
According to the analysis of the counters Measurement of numbers of
8PSK_MEAN_BEP variants and Measurement of numbers of GMSK_MEAN_BEP
variants, the interference occurs only in certain cells, and the quality of the downlink
Um interface is good. Therefore, the decrease in the Success Rate of Uplink TBF
Establishments is not caused by the poor quality of the downlink Um interface (the BTS
sends an assignment command but the MS does not receive the command due to the poor
quality on the Um interface).
4. The MS does not respond to an assignment command.
According to the preceding analysis, the MS receives an assignment command but does
not respond to the assignment command. That is, the MS does not send an uplink data
block or the uplink data block is lost. In this case, the Success Rate of Uplink TBF
Establishments is low.
According to the check of the uplink encoding mode, uplink power control parameters,
other internal parameters that affect MS access, and cell contents in the assignment
message, no error is found.
According to CS traffic statistics, the success rate of CS immediate assignment is also
low, and uplink and downlink are imbalanced. These are caused by the Um interface
access problems.
According to the check of the antenna feeder and its parameter settings, improper
configuration of TMA factor causes low uplink power, thus affecting the sending of
uplink data blocks. Now, the cause is identified.
Solution
You can modify the configuration of TMA factor to solve the problem.
5 Feedback
The on-site engineers must provide the following information for troubleshooting:
1. Traffic measurement counters
Function Type Measurement Type