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Project Space Essay-4
Project Space Essay-4
Erin Smith-Soeten
Professor Beadle
English 115
19 September 2019
When reading an article, what typically draws you into reading it? Authors and
journalists often use methods of rhetoric including ethos, the author's credibility, pathos,
emotion, and logos, logic, to grab the reader's attention. A good article will generally have at
least two of these methods, however a great article tends to have all of them with one leading the
driving force and focus of the essay. After reading and analyzing the articles “What Suffering
Does” by David Brooks, “Living with Less. A Lot Less” by Graham Hill and “How Happy Are
You and Why?” by Sonja Lyubomirsky, Lyubomirsky has the best evidence out of the three
articles because she uses logos by using statistical scientific data in her argument, that happiness
Lyubomirsky uses logo by using data and statistical evidence to prove and conclude her
arguments throughout the article. While all three articles had the use of logos, Lyubomirsky was
the strongest. Lyubomirsky uses logos by providing a pie chart on “What Determines
Happiness.” This graphic depicts that 50 percent of our inherent happiness is due to our genetic
makeup, 10 percent is due to our circumstances, and 40 percent is due to purposeful activity and
our mindset. She later describes how this graphic shows that happiness is not an inherent thing
we have; “To understand that 40 percent of our happiness is determined by intentional activity is
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to appreciate the promise of the great impact that you can make your own life through intentional
strategies that you can implement to remake yourself as a happier person” (Lyubomirsky 185).
Yes there are many factors out of our control that affect our happiness, 40 percent is based on
our own mindset and it's crucial to know. This evidence is the foundation of her article, with this
message that happiness isn't inherent is repeated throughout the article, to really solidify the
message. On the contrary, Brooks uses logos by stating outside evidence from Paul Tillich, a
famous philosopher; “people who endure suffering are taken beneath the routines of life and find
they are not who they believed themselves to be” (Brooks 285). This evidence isn't as strong as
Lyubomirsky’s since this is an idea or personal opinion from Tillich whereas Lyubomirsky has
statistical evidence she helped conduct first hand. Hill uses logos by stating the environmental
damage that having too many possessions creates. The Natural Resources Defense Council states
that consumerism is one of the leading causes of environmental damage, such as smog produced
by factories, or the food that is wasted everyday (Hill 310). While this is a very concrete reliable
source that Hill uses, it doesn't state much about how there are many sides to consumerism of the
positives and negatives. Hill and Brooks’ evidence and logic is inconsequential in comparison to
the amount of effort and thoroughness Lyubomirsky has within her article.
In addition to logos, Lyubomirsky also uses her background and credible sources to better
construct her article. This method is called ethos. Lyubomirsky has a Ph.D in psychology and has
written a multitude of books on happiness and how we can increase our own, despite our other
determining factors of surroundings and circumstance; “ She has also published more than eighty
articles and book chapters” (Lyubomirsky 179). Lyubomirsky talks about her research over the
years and the best findings she has, in addition to studies she has done comparing and contrasting
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people of similar and different situations. Lyubomirsky is a credible source because of her
background and immense knowledge on this field of study. The authors of the other two articles,
Brooks only has a B.A. along with his credibility of being an author, and Hill talks about his
own personal journey and credibility. The two authors write more about personal experience and
credibility rather than using data from outside sources, whereas Lyubomirsky’s purpose is to use
her credible background and knowledge to inform the reader that in order to be truly happy,
despite circumstance, one must act upon their happiness and change their perception and action
Pathos is also present within Lyubomirsky’s article, through her describing real life
stories of people in uncontrollable circumstances still with a happy outlook on life. Lyubomirsky
throughout her article, describes different real life examples and stories of people’s journey and
struggles with happiness. This method of rhetoric is called pathos, to try and attempt to grab the
reader's attention by stating something that will incite emotion within the reader. She compares
the differences and similarities between people of different backgrounds and factors.
Lyubomirsky talks about a woman named Angela who is one of the happiest people she knows
despite her rough childhood being physically and mentally abused by her mother as a child.
single mother. Things are hard financially… Still, with all that has happened and all the
challenges that have coke to pass, Angela considered herself a very happy person” (Lyubomirsky
180). She also depicts a man named Randy who is similarly bright and happy despite his
multiple losses as a child, and his wife cheating on him and leaving him; “He picked himself up
after the divorce, moved to another city, found work as a safety engineer, and eventually
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remarried” (Lyubomirsky 181). Lyubomirsky appeals to our emotions and our ability to relate to
others by sharing these deeply personal stories, and the people still being able to persevere and
change their view on life to increase their happiness. On the other hand, Brooks believes that
finding holiness is the solution. He explains holiness as “seeing life as a moral drama, placing the
hard experiences in a moral context” (Brooks 286). Brooks explains how in times of hardship
people tend to turn to religion to help grieve or come to terms with what has happened. Hill talks
about his own personal hardships, such as going through a divorce and losing everything in
addition to the loss he experienced as a kid (Hill 311). He then further explains how living with
less not only will increase your happiness but is also better for the environment. While these are
two strong arguments, Lyubomirsky has more to her article, and has greater evidence by giving
more than one specific situation and story. There are many factors to one's happiness and
Lyubomirsky hits all of them with her multiple point of view stories and conditions within the
article.
Lyubomirsky’s article is more on the basis of happiness and the basic building block idea
of the other two articles. Sonja Lyubomirsky, has the best evidence out of the three articles
because she incorporates logos, ethos, and pathos incorporated throughout her article stating that
happiness is a mindset above all else. While all three articles have great use of rhetoric,
Lyubomirsky is a more convincing article. Brook’s purpose is to inform the reader about this in
order to have a more fulfilling and happy life they must accept that hardships and suffering is
apart of life. Hill’s purpose is to inform the reader of the positive impact taking up a minimalist
lifestyle will have. All three articles stress the importance of one's happiness and how you are the
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one in charge of how you react to what life throws at you. Taking all these steps will ensure a
Works Cited
Brooks, David, “What Suffering Does.” Pursuing Happiness, edited by Matthew Parfitt and
Hill, Graham. “Living with Less. a Lot Less.” Pursuing Happiness, edited by Matthew Parfitt
Lyubomirsky, Sonja.“How Happy Are You and Why?” Pursuing Happiness, Mathew Parfitt and